镉胁迫下硅对烤烟生长及生理特性的影响
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摘要
采用盆栽试验,以烤烟品种南江3号为材料,探讨在土壤镉胁迫(0、1、5 mg/kg)下不同施硅量(0、1、2、4 g/kg)对烤烟生长及生理特性的影响,进一步探讨硅缓解烤烟镉毒害的机制,为镉污染烟区烤烟种植提供理论依据。结果表明,在不施硅处理中,随着土壤镉含量的增加,烟株的株高、茎围生长及光合色素生成受到抑制,叶片数与最大叶面积逐渐减小,叶片MDA含量增加、SOD活性提高,烟株各部位镉含量也逐渐增加。在同一土壤镉含量处理下,与不施硅处理相比,施硅量为4 g/kg时会抑制烟株的生长;在无镉胁迫下,与不施硅处理相比,施用外源硅会降低烟株各部位镉含量,总体以施硅量为1 g/kg时效果最明显;在1 mg/kg镉胁迫下,与不施硅处理相比,施用外源硅会降低烟株MDA含量、SOD活性及各部位镉含量,总体以施硅量为2 g/kg时效果最明显;在5 mg/kg镉条件下,与不施硅处理相比,施用外源硅会促进烟株发育,降低MDA含量及各部位镉含量,总体以施硅量为1 g/kg时效果最明显。综上,无镉、低镉、高镉胁迫下,在土壤中分别施入1、2、1 g/kg硅在一定程度上能减轻镉对烤烟的毒害。
Effects of different silicon application( 0,1,2,4 g/kg) on the growth and physiological characteristics of flue-cured tobacco( Nanjiang No. 3) under soil cadmium stress( 0,1,5 mg/kg) were investigated by pot experiment to further explore the mechanism of silicon to alleviate the cadmium toxicity of fluecured tobacco,and provide a theoretical basis for the cultivation of flue-cured tobacco in cadmium-contaminated tobacco areas. The results showed that with the increase of soil cadmium content,the plant height,stem growth and photosynthetic pigment production of tobacco plants were inhibited,the number of leaves and the maximum leaf area decreased gradually,the MDA content and SOD activity of leaves increased,and the cadmium content in various parts of the tobacco plant was also gradually increased. Under the same soil cadmium content treatment,when the application amount of silicon was 4 g/kg,the growth of tobacco plants was inhibited compared with the treatment without silicon. Under cadmium-free stress,the application of exogenous silicon reduced the cadmium content in all parts of the tobacco plant compared with the treatment without silicon,and the effect was the most obvious when the silicon application amount was 1 g/kg. Under 1 mg/kg cadmium stress,the application of exogenous silicon reduced the MDA content,SOD activity and cadmium content in different parts of tobacco plants compared with thetreatment without silicon application,and the effect was the most obvious when the silicon application amount was 2 g/kg. Under 5 mg/kg cadmium,compared with the treatment without silicon,the application of exogenous silicon promoted the development of tobacco plants,decreased the content of MDA and cadmium of various parts,and the effect was the most obvious when the silicon application rate was 1 g/kg. In summary,the application of 1,2,1 g/kg silicon in the soil under the stress of no cadmium,low cadmium and high cadmium respectively could alleviate the toxicity of cadmium to flue-cured tobacco.
Effects of different silicon application( 0,1,2,4 g/kg) on the growth and physiological characteristics of flue-cured tobacco( Nanjiang No. 3) under soil cadmium stress( 0,1,5 mg/kg) were investigated by pot experiment to further explore the mechanism of silicon to alleviate the cadmium toxicity of fluecured tobacco,and provide a theoretical basis for the cultivation of flue-cured tobacco in cadmium-contaminated tobacco areas. The results showed that with the increase of soil cadmium content,the plant height,stem growth and photosynthetic pigment production of tobacco plants were inhibited,the number of leaves and the maximum leaf area decreased gradually,the MDA content and SOD activity of leaves increased,and the cadmium content in various parts of the tobacco plant was also gradually increased. Under the same soil cadmium content treatment,when the application amount of silicon was 4 g/kg,the growth of tobacco plants was inhibited compared with the treatment without silicon. Under cadmium-free stress,the application of exogenous silicon reduced the cadmium content in all parts of the tobacco plant compared with the treatment without silicon,and the effect was the most obvious when the silicon application amount was 1 g/kg. Under 1 mg/kg cadmium stress,the application of exogenous silicon reduced the MDA content,SOD activity and cadmium content in different parts of tobacco plants compared with thetreatment without silicon application,and the effect was the most obvious when the silicon application amount was 2 g/kg. Under 5 mg/kg cadmium,compared with the treatment without silicon,the application of exogenous silicon promoted the development of tobacco plants,decreased the content of MDA and cadmium of various parts,and the effect was the most obvious when the silicon application rate was 1 g/kg. In summary,the application of 1,2,1 g/kg silicon in the soil under the stress of no cadmium,low cadmium and high cadmium respectively could alleviate the toxicity of cadmium to flue-cured tobacco.
引文
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[19]杨文嘉,王庆亚,孙建云.外源硅对甘蓝镉毒害的缓解机制研究[J].西北植物学报,2018,38(6):1088-1098.
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[21]段昌群,王焕校.重金属对蚕豆的细胞遗传学毒理作用和对蚕豆根尖微核技术的探讨[J].植物学报,1995,37(1):14-24.
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[24]高柳青,杨树杰.硅对小麦吸收镉锌的影响及其生理效应[J].中国农学通报,2004,20(5):246-249.
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[26]袁祖丽,吴中红,刘秀敏.镉胁迫对烤烟叶片抗氧化系统的影响[J].河南农业科学,2008(7):43-46.
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[28]郑明瑜,罗丽娟,李荟星,等.硅对镉胁迫下烟草光合作用的影响[J].烟草科技,2016,49(12):1-7.
[29]吴玉萍,杨虹琦,徐照丽,等.重金属镉在烤烟中的累积分配[J].中国烟草科学,2008,29(5):37-39.
[30]陈翠芳,钟继洪,李淑仪.施硅对白菜地上部吸收重金属镉的抑制效应[J].中国农学通报,2007,23(1):144-147.
[31]郑煜基,陈能场,张雪霞,等.硅肥施用对重金属污染土壤甘蔗镉吸收的影响研究初探[J].生态环境学报,2014,23(12):2010-2012.
[32]朱益,齐绍武,靳辉勇,等.硅基复合肥对烤烟镉含量的影响[J].天津农业科学,2017,23(6):24-26.
[33]夏礼如,钱春桃.复合钠盐胁迫对黄瓜幼苗生长及生理特性的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2013,29(1):147-150.
[34]谈建康,安树青.钠盐胁迫对小麦叶片核酸损伤和多胺积累的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2004,23(3):428-431.
[2]孙鹏轩.土壤重金属污染修复技术及其研究进展[J].环境保护与循环经济,2012,32(11):48-51,75.
[3] BUSH P G,MAYHEW T M,ABRAMOVICH D R,et al. A Quantitative study on the effects of maternal smoking on placental morphology and cadmium concentration[J]. Placenta,2000,21(2/3):247-256.
[4] WU D,LANDSBERGER S,LARSON S M. Evaluation of elemental cadmium as a marker for environmental tobacco smoke[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,1995,29(9):2311.
[5]俞萍,高凡,刘杰,等.镉对植物生长的影响和植物耐镉机制研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(11):89-95.
[6]田志刚.作物镉耐受性机制及其育种应用[J].山西农业科学,2017,45(7):1205-1207.
[7]彭金梅,刘国顺,贾方方,等. Cd胁迫对烤烟生理特性及积累特征的影响[J].江西农业学报,2013,25(4):141-146.
[8]曹玉巧,邵慧芳,许自成,等.镉对烟草的胁迫与烟叶控镉措施研究进展[J].山西农业科学,2017,45(11):1877-1882.
[9] GARBUZOV M,REIDINGER S,HARTLEY S E. Interactive effects of plant-available soil silicon and herbivory on competition between two grass species[J]. Annals of Botany,2011,108(7):1355-1363.
[10] DALLAGNOL L J,RODRIGUES F A,TANAKA F A O,et al. Effect of potassium silicate on epidemic components of powdery mildew on melon[J]. Plant Pathology,2012,61(2):323-330.
[11]贾国涛,马一琼,陈芳泉,等.枸溶性硅肥对烤烟生理指标和烟叶品质的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2016,37(6):43-48.
[12]靳辉勇,齐绍武,熊文晴,等.硅酸盐对镉污染烟田的原位修复效应研究[J].青岛农业大学学报(自然科学版),2017,34(1):56-59.
[13]刘彩凤,史刚荣,余如刚,等.硅缓解植物镉毒害的生理生态机制[J].生态学报,2017,37(23):7799-7810.
[14]宋阿琳,李萍,李兆君,等.硅对镉胁迫下白菜光合作用及相关生理特性的影响[J].园艺学报,2011,38(9):1675-1684.
[15]李天哲,陈爱婷,李彩,等.镉胁迫下硅对水稻幼苗生长与生理响应的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2018,37(6):1072-1078.
[16]曹胜,周卫军,周雨舟,等.硅钙镁土壤调理剂对酸性镉污染土壤及稻米的降镉效果[J].河南农业科学,2017,46(12):54-58.
[17]杨攀,刘昭兵,谢运河,等.不同p H值下巯基活化硅对土壤和水稻镉含量的影响[J].河南农业科学,2018,47(6):46-51.
[18]梅鑫.硅对大蒜铅镉胁迫的缓解效应[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2018.
[19]杨文嘉,王庆亚,孙建云.外源硅对甘蓝镉毒害的缓解机制研究[J].西北植物学报,2018,38(6):1088-1098.
[20]王天顺,廖洁,陈伟,等.镉胁迫条件下硅对果蔗幼苗生理生化特性的影响[J].河南农业科学,2018,47(3):44-48.
[21]段昌群,王焕校.重金属对蚕豆的细胞遗传学毒理作用和对蚕豆根尖微核技术的探讨[J].植物学报,1995,37(1):14-24.
[22]闫寒,宋杭霖,张丽,等.镉胁迫对烤烟农艺性状及生理生化指标的影响[J].作物杂志,2017(5):156-161.
[23]董祥立,刘树武,黄刘亚,等.硅肥对烤烟品种K326生长及产质量的影响[J].现代农业科技,2016(7):9-10,14.
[24]高柳青,杨树杰.硅对小麦吸收镉锌的影响及其生理效应[J].中国农学通报,2004,20(5):246-249.
[25]高家合,王树会.镉胁迫对烤烟生长及生理特性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2006,25(5):1167-1170.
[26]袁祖丽,吴中红,刘秀敏.镉胁迫对烤烟叶片抗氧化系统的影响[J].河南农业科学,2008(7):43-46.
[27]宋阿琳.小白菜对镉胁迫的响应及硅缓解镉毒害的机制[D].南京:南京农业大学,2009.
[28]郑明瑜,罗丽娟,李荟星,等.硅对镉胁迫下烟草光合作用的影响[J].烟草科技,2016,49(12):1-7.
[29]吴玉萍,杨虹琦,徐照丽,等.重金属镉在烤烟中的累积分配[J].中国烟草科学,2008,29(5):37-39.
[30]陈翠芳,钟继洪,李淑仪.施硅对白菜地上部吸收重金属镉的抑制效应[J].中国农学通报,2007,23(1):144-147.
[31]郑煜基,陈能场,张雪霞,等.硅肥施用对重金属污染土壤甘蔗镉吸收的影响研究初探[J].生态环境学报,2014,23(12):2010-2012.
[32]朱益,齐绍武,靳辉勇,等.硅基复合肥对烤烟镉含量的影响[J].天津农业科学,2017,23(6):24-26.
[33]夏礼如,钱春桃.复合钠盐胁迫对黄瓜幼苗生长及生理特性的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2013,29(1):147-150.
[34]谈建康,安树青.钠盐胁迫对小麦叶片核酸损伤和多胺积累的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2004,23(3):428-431.