上皮间质转化的相关生物标志物在大肠癌中的研究进展
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摘要
<正>大肠癌(Colorectal cancer,CRC)是世界上常见的恶性肿瘤,分为结肠癌和直肠癌,是多基因、多因素、多步骤的复杂的过程,是当下严重影响人类健康的恶性肿瘤之一。癌症统计结果显示,在恶性肿瘤发病率中结直肠癌居第3位,死亡率居第4位[1]。大肠癌的5年生存率仍然不是很高,50 %以下[2]。纵然近些年大肠癌的早期诊断方法有了提高和进步,可是因为大肠癌早期临床症状如排便习惯的改变与粪便性状的改变相对比较隐匿,得不到患者的充分重视,
引文
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[31] Rawson JB,Mrkonjic M,Daftary D,et al.Promoter methylation of Wnt5a is associated with microsatellite instability and BRAF V600E mutation in two large populations of colorectal cancer patients[J].Brit J Cancer,2011,104(12):1906-1912.
[32] Yoshida N,Kinugasa T,Ohshima K,et al.Analysis of Wnt and β-catenin Expression in Advanced Colorectal Cancer[J].Anticancer Res,2015,35(8):4403-4410.
[33] Emons G,Spitzner M,Reineke S.Chemoradiotherapy Resistance in Colorectal Cancer Cells is Mediated by Wnt/β-catenin Signaling[J].Mol Cancer Res,2017,15(11):1481-1490.
[34] Ivaska J,Pallari HM,Nevo J,et al.Novel function sofvimentin in celladhesion,migration,andsignaling[J].Exp Cell Res,2007,313(10):2050-2062.
[35] Pelosi G,Melotti F,Cavazza A.A modified vimentin histological score helps recognize pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma in small biopsy samples[J].Anticancer Res,2012,32(4):1463-73.
[36] Mirza A,Foster L,Valentine H.Investigation of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition markers S100A4,vimentin and Snail1 in gastroesophageal junction tumors[J].Dis Esophagus,2014,27(5):485-92.
[37] Gilles C,Polette M,Mestdagt M,et al.Transactivation of vimentin by beta-catenin in human breast cancer cells[J].Cancer Res,2003,63(10):2658-2664.
[38] Upton MP,Hirohashi S,Tome Y,et al.Expression of vimentin in surgically resected adenocarcinomas and large cell carcinomas of lung[J].Am J Surg Pathol,1986,10(8):560-567.
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[40] Fuyuhiro Y,Yashiro M,Noda S,et al.Clinical significance of vimentin-positive gastric cancer cells[J].Anticancer Res,2010,30(12):5239-5243.
[41] McInroy L,Maatta A.Down-regulation of vimentin expression inhibits carcinoma cell migration and adhesion[J].Biochem Biophys Res Commun,2007,360(1):109-114.
[42] Gilles C,Polette M,Piette J,et al.Vimentin expression in cervical carcinomas:association with invasive and migratory potential[J].J Pathol,1996,180(2):175-180.
[43] Ingels A,Hew M,Algaba F,et al.Vimentin over-expression and carbonic anhydrase IX under-expression are independent predictors of recurrence,specific and overall survival in non-metastatic clear-cell renalcarcinoma:a validation study[J].World J Urol,2017,35(1):81-87.
[44] 刘海丽,吴建龙,申志华,等.E-cadherin及Vimentin在大肠癌侵袭和转移中的作用研究[J].世界最新医学信息文摘,2018,18(41):48-49.
[45] Shirahata A,Sakata M,Sakuraba K,et al.Vimentin methylation as a marker for advanced colorectal carcinoma[J].Anticancer Res,2009,29(1):279-281.
[46] Zou H,Harrington JJ,Shire AM,et al.Highly methylated genes in colorectal neoplasia:implications for screening[J].Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev,2007,16(12):2686 2696.
[47] Zou H,Harrington J,Rego RL,et al.A novel method to capture methylated human DNA from stool:implications for colorectal cancer screening[J].Clin Chem,2007,53(9):1646-1651.
[48] Chen WD,Han ZJ,Skoletsky J,et al.Detection in fecal DNA of colon cancer-specific methylation of the nonexpressed vimentin gene[J].J Natl Cancer Inst,2005,97(15):1124-1132.
[49] Massague J.How cells read TGF-beta signals[J].Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol,2000,1(3):169-178.
[50] 潘祝彬,李小静,王明丽,等.5-氟尿嘧啶对瘢痕疙瘩成纤维细胞Smad7和转化生长因子βⅠ型受体表达的影响[J].中国组织工程研究与临床康复,2008,(37):7245-7249.
[51] 刘宇.大肠癌组织中TAMs、TGF-β1表达与上皮间质转化的关系和发生机制的研究[D].锦州:辽宁医学院,2012.
[52] Langenski ld M,Holmdahl L,Falk P,et al.Increased TGF-Beta1 Protein Expression in Patients With Advanced Colorectal Cancer[J].J Surg Oncol,2008 ,97(5):409-415.
[53] 熊斌,龚玲玲,张峰,等.大肠癌组织转化生长因子β1表达与血管生成的关系[J].中国肿瘤临床,2002,29(6):16-18.
[54] Kumar R,Gururaj A E,Barnes C J.p21-activated kinases in cancer[J].Nat Rev Cancer,2006,6(6):459-471.
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[60] Wu YJ,Tang Y,Li ZF,et al.Expression and significance of Rac1,Pak1 and Rock1 in gastric carcinoma[J].Asia Pac J Clin Oncol,2014 ,10(2):e33-39.
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[2] 张久新,张凤新,张志国,等.大肠癌患者术后生存率现状及其影响因素分析[J].实用预防医学,2017,24(9):1094-1096.
[3] Greenburg G,Hay ED.Epithelia suspended in collagen gels can lose polarity and express characteristics of migrating mesenchymal cells [J].The Journal of cell biology,1982,95(1):333-339.
[4] Thiery JP,Acloque H,Huang PY,et al.Epitheliql-mesenchymal transitions in development and diease[J].Cell,2009,139(5):871-890.
[5] Ye X,Weinberg RA.Epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity:a central regulator of cancer progression[J].Trends Cell Biol,2015,25(11):675-686.
[6] Scanlon CS,Van Tubergen EA,Inglehart RC,et al.Biomarkers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in squamous cell carcinoma[J] .J Dent Re,2013,2(2):114-121.
[7] Berx G,Staes K ,van Hengel J,et al.Cloning and characterization of the human invasion suppressor gene E-cadherin (CDH1)[J] .Genomi cs,1995,26(2):281.
[8] Sun GY,Wu JX,Wu JS,et al.Caveolin-1,E-cadherin and β-catenin in gastric carcinoma,precancerous tissues and chronic non-atrophic gastritis[J].Chin J Cancer Res,2012,24(1):23-28.
[9] Petrova YI,Schecterson L,Gumbiner BM.Roles for E-cadherin cell surface regulation in cancer[J].Mol Biol Cell,2016 ,27(21):3233-3244.
[10] Vergara D,Simeone P,Latorre D,et al.Proteomics analysis of E-cadherin knockdown in epithelial breast cancer cells[J].J Biotechnol,2015,202:3-11.
[11] Zhang SQ,Zhang GQ,Zhang L.Correlation between methylation of the E-Cadherin gene and malignancy of prostate cancer[J].Genet Mol Res,2016,15(2):gmr8046.
[12] 郭志娟,吉茹.E-cadherin表达丢失与 Vimentin表达在结直肠癌预后判断中的临床意义[J].实用癌症杂志,2018,33(02):181-184.
[13] Klymkowsky MW,Savagner P.Epithelial -mesenchymal transition:a cancer researcher's conceptual friend and foe[J].Am J Pathol,2009,174(5):1588-1593.
[14] Liu YN,Lee WW,Wang CY,et al.Regulatory mechanisms controlling human E-cadherin gene expression[J].Oncoggene,2005,24(56):8277-8290.
[15] Giroldi LA,Bringuier PP,De Weijert M,et al.Role of E boxes in the repression of E-cadherin expression.[J].Biochemical and biophysical research communications,1997,241(2):453-458.
[16] Cheng CW,Wu PE,Yu JC,et al.Mechanisms of inactivation of E-cadherin in breast carcinoma modification of the two-hit hypothesis of tumour suppressor gene.[J].Oncogen,2001,20(29):3814-3823.
[17] Palaghia M,Mihai C,Lozneanu L,et al.E-cadherin expression in primary colorectal cancer and metastatic lymph nodes[J].Rom J Morphol Embryol,2016,57(1):205-209.
[18] 顾国利,魏学明,王石林,等.大肠癌E-cadherin,β-catenin,MMP-7表达及其临床意义[J].世界华人消化杂志,2007,(4):375-380.
[19] 隋立荣,吕英志,孙立斌,等.应用组织芯片研究E-cadherin在大肠癌的表达[J].中国病理生理杂志,2007,(7):1439-1441.
[20] Dai X,Wang L,Zhang L,et al.The expression and mutation of β-catenin in colorectal traditional serrated adenomas[J].Indian J Pathol Microbiol,2012,55(3):288-293.
[21] Konsavage WM,Kyler SL,Rennoll SA,et al.Wnt/beta -catenin signaling regulates Yes-associated protein (YAP) gene expression in colorectal carcinoma cells [J].J Biol Chem,2012,287(15):11730-11739.
[22] Gama A,Paredes J,Gartner F,et al.Expression of E-cadherin,P-cadherin and beta-catenin in canine ma lignan tmammary tumoursin relation to clinicopathologi cal parameters,proliferation and survival[J].Veterinary Journal,2008,177(1):45-53.
[23] Bandino A,Compagnone A,Bravoco V,et al.β-Catenin triggers nuclear fact or kB-dependent up-regu lation of hepatocyte inducible nitric oxide synthase[J].International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology,2008,40(9):1861-1871.
[24] Gregorieff A,Clevers H.Wnt signaling in the intestinal epithelium:from endoderm to cancer[J].Genes Dev,2005,19(8):877- 890.
[25] Maruyama K,Ochiai A,Akimoto S,et al.Cytoplasmic beta-catenin accumulation as a predictor of hematogenousmetastasis in human colorectal cancer[J].Oncology,2000,59(4):302- 309.
[26] Moon RT,Bowerman B,Boutros M,et al.The Promiseand perils of Wnt signaling through bata-catenin[J].Science,2002,296(5573):1644-1646.
[27] Benjamin JM,Nelson WJ.Bench to beside and backagain:molecular mechanisms of alpha-catenin functionand roles in tumorigenesis[J].Seminars in Cancer Biology,2008,18(1):53-64.
[28] Brooks SA,Lomax- Browne HJ,carter TM,et al.Molecular interactions in cancer cell metastasis[J].Acta Histochemica,2010,112(1):3-25.
[29] 戈锐,张成武,窦拉加.大肠癌及大肠腺瘤中 β-catenin、Cox-2 和MMP-7 的表达及临床意义[J].青海医学院学报,2009,30(2):104-113.
[30] Suzuki H,Masuda N,Shimura T,et al.Nuclear β-Catenin Expression at the Invasive Front and in the vessels predicts liver metastasis in colorectal carcinoma[J].Anticancer,2008,28(3B):1821-1830.
[31] Rawson JB,Mrkonjic M,Daftary D,et al.Promoter methylation of Wnt5a is associated with microsatellite instability and BRAF V600E mutation in two large populations of colorectal cancer patients[J].Brit J Cancer,2011,104(12):1906-1912.
[32] Yoshida N,Kinugasa T,Ohshima K,et al.Analysis of Wnt and β-catenin Expression in Advanced Colorectal Cancer[J].Anticancer Res,2015,35(8):4403-4410.
[33] Emons G,Spitzner M,Reineke S.Chemoradiotherapy Resistance in Colorectal Cancer Cells is Mediated by Wnt/β-catenin Signaling[J].Mol Cancer Res,2017,15(11):1481-1490.
[34] Ivaska J,Pallari HM,Nevo J,et al.Novel function sofvimentin in celladhesion,migration,andsignaling[J].Exp Cell Res,2007,313(10):2050-2062.
[35] Pelosi G,Melotti F,Cavazza A.A modified vimentin histological score helps recognize pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma in small biopsy samples[J].Anticancer Res,2012,32(4):1463-73.
[36] Mirza A,Foster L,Valentine H.Investigation of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition markers S100A4,vimentin and Snail1 in gastroesophageal junction tumors[J].Dis Esophagus,2014,27(5):485-92.
[37] Gilles C,Polette M,Mestdagt M,et al.Transactivation of vimentin by beta-catenin in human breast cancer cells[J].Cancer Res,2003,63(10):2658-2664.
[38] Upton MP,Hirohashi S,Tome Y,et al.Expression of vimentin in surgically resected adenocarcinomas and large cell carcinomas of lung[J].Am J Surg Pathol,1986,10(8):560-567.
[39] Zhu S,He C,Deng S,et al.MiR-548an,Transcriptionally Downregulated by HIF1α/HDAC1,Suppresses Tumorigenesis of Pancreatic Cancer by Targeting Vimentin Expression[J].Mol Cancer Ther,2016,15(9):2209-2219.
[40] Fuyuhiro Y,Yashiro M,Noda S,et al.Clinical significance of vimentin-positive gastric cancer cells[J].Anticancer Res,2010,30(12):5239-5243.
[41] McInroy L,Maatta A.Down-regulation of vimentin expression inhibits carcinoma cell migration and adhesion[J].Biochem Biophys Res Commun,2007,360(1):109-114.
[42] Gilles C,Polette M,Piette J,et al.Vimentin expression in cervical carcinomas:association with invasive and migratory potential[J].J Pathol,1996,180(2):175-180.
[43] Ingels A,Hew M,Algaba F,et al.Vimentin over-expression and carbonic anhydrase IX under-expression are independent predictors of recurrence,specific and overall survival in non-metastatic clear-cell renalcarcinoma:a validation study[J].World J Urol,2017,35(1):81-87.
[44] 刘海丽,吴建龙,申志华,等.E-cadherin及Vimentin在大肠癌侵袭和转移中的作用研究[J].世界最新医学信息文摘,2018,18(41):48-49.
[45] Shirahata A,Sakata M,Sakuraba K,et al.Vimentin methylation as a marker for advanced colorectal carcinoma[J].Anticancer Res,2009,29(1):279-281.
[46] Zou H,Harrington JJ,Shire AM,et al.Highly methylated genes in colorectal neoplasia:implications for screening[J].Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev,2007,16(12):2686 2696.
[47] Zou H,Harrington J,Rego RL,et al.A novel method to capture methylated human DNA from stool:implications for colorectal cancer screening[J].Clin Chem,2007,53(9):1646-1651.
[48] Chen WD,Han ZJ,Skoletsky J,et al.Detection in fecal DNA of colon cancer-specific methylation of the nonexpressed vimentin gene[J].J Natl Cancer Inst,2005,97(15):1124-1132.
[49] Massague J.How cells read TGF-beta signals[J].Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol,2000,1(3):169-178.
[50] 潘祝彬,李小静,王明丽,等.5-氟尿嘧啶对瘢痕疙瘩成纤维细胞Smad7和转化生长因子βⅠ型受体表达的影响[J].中国组织工程研究与临床康复,2008,(37):7245-7249.
[51] 刘宇.大肠癌组织中TAMs、TGF-β1表达与上皮间质转化的关系和发生机制的研究[D].锦州:辽宁医学院,2012.
[52] Langenski ld M,Holmdahl L,Falk P,et al.Increased TGF-Beta1 Protein Expression in Patients With Advanced Colorectal Cancer[J].J Surg Oncol,2008 ,97(5):409-415.
[53] 熊斌,龚玲玲,张峰,等.大肠癌组织转化生长因子β1表达与血管生成的关系[J].中国肿瘤临床,2002,29(6):16-18.
[54] Kumar R,Gururaj A E,Barnes C J.p21-activated kinases in cancer[J].Nat Rev Cancer,2006,6(6):459-471.
[55] Rudolph J,Crawford JJ,Hoeflich KP,et al.Inhibitors of p21-activated kinases (PAKs)[J].J Med Chem,2015,58(1):111-129.
[56] Mazumdar A,Kumar R.Estrogen regulation of PAK1 and FKHR pathways in breast cancer cells[J].FEBS Lett,2003,535(1-3):6-10.
[57] Pandolfi A,Stanley RF,Yu Y,et al.PAK1 is a therapeutic target in acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome [J].Blood,2015,126(9):1118-1127.
[58] Parvathy M,Sreeja S,Kumar R,et al.Potential role of p21 Activated Kinase 1 (PAK1) in the invasion and motility of oral cancer cells [J].BMC Cancer,2016,16(Suppl 1):293.
[59] Ye DZ,Field J.PAK signaling in cancer [J].Cell Logist,2012,2(2):105-116.
[60] Wu YJ,Tang Y,Li ZF,et al.Expression and significance of Rac1,Pak1 and Rock1 in gastric carcinoma[J].Asia Pac J Clin Oncol,2014 ,10(2):e33-39.
[61] 武金宝.PAK1在大肠癌演进和转移中的作用[D].广州:南方医科大学,2007.
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