石化重催装置安全阀弹簧断裂原因分析
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摘要
广州某石化厂重催装置安全阀弹簧发生了多处断裂,致使整套装置非计划停机。采用宏观检查、化学成分分析、硬度测试、金相检验、断口扫描电镜及能谱分析等方法,对弹簧断裂原因进行了分析。结果表明:弹簧表面长时间暴露在湿H2S环境中,加之弹簧断裂区显微组织为硬而脆的马氏体,弹簧工作过程中受到较高的剪切应力;三者共同作用,使弹簧于表面偏析和夹杂物区域萌生应力腐蚀裂纹,裂纹不断扩展最终导致弹簧断裂失效。
The safety valve spring of a heavy oil catalysis cracking unit in a Guangzhou petrochemical plant fractured in several places,which caused the entire unit to be stopped unplanned.The fracture causes of the spring were analyzed by macroscopic inspection,chemical composition analysis,hardness test,metallographic examination,and fracture scanning electron microscope and energy spectrum analysis.The results show that the spring surface was exposed to the wet H2 S environment for a long time,the microstructure of the spring fracture zone was hard and brittle martensite,and the spring was subjected to high shear stress during the working process.Under the joint action of above three factors,stress corrosion cracks originated on the spring surface at the segregation and inclusion area.The cracks continued to expand and eventually led to fracture failure of the spring.
The safety valve spring of a heavy oil catalysis cracking unit in a Guangzhou petrochemical plant fractured in several places,which caused the entire unit to be stopped unplanned.The fracture causes of the spring were analyzed by macroscopic inspection,chemical composition analysis,hardness test,metallographic examination,and fracture scanning electron microscope and energy spectrum analysis.The results show that the spring surface was exposed to the wet H2 S environment for a long time,the microstructure of the spring fracture zone was hard and brittle martensite,and the spring was subjected to high shear stress during the working process.Under the joint action of above three factors,stress corrosion cracks originated on the spring surface at the segregation and inclusion area.The cracks continued to expand and eventually led to fracture failure of the spring.
引文
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[2]林文钦,郑洪,朱丽,等.50CrVA弹簧断裂原因分析[J].失效分析与预防,2016,11(1):56-59.
[3]李树梅,阎平.螺旋弹簧断裂分析及预防措施[J].金属热处理,2012,37(11):130-132.
[4]刘昌奎,臧金鑫,张兵.30CrMnSiA螺栓断裂原因分析[J].失效分析与预防,2008,3(2):42-47.
[5]蒋跃宁,何颜红.液化石油气罐车安全阀弹簧失效分析[J].化工机械,2009,36(2):154-156.
[6]萧以德,李兴濂.电镀锌层的大气腐蚀行为研究[J].腐蚀科学与防护技术,1995,7(3):187-191.
[7]杨晓,陈政龙,潘恒沛,等.40Cr钢紧固螺栓断裂原因分析[J].理化检验(物理分册),2016,52(12):903-905.
[8]何家胜,崔好选,朱晓明,等.螺栓(35CrMoA)在湿H2S环境中应力腐蚀试验研究[J].压力容器,2007,24(2):19-23.
[9]刘智勇,董超芳,李晓刚,等.硫化氢环境下两种不锈钢的应力腐蚀开裂行为[J].北京科技大学学报,2009,31(3):318-323.
[10]夏申琳,王刚,杨晓,等.60Si2MnA钢片弹簧断裂失效分析[J].理化检验(物理分册),2015,51(2):129-131.