38MnVS6钢中硫元素扩散对激光熔覆涂层形貌和组织的影响
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摘要
利用激光熔覆技术在38MnVS6钢基体上熔覆了CoCrW粉末,研究了不同扫描速度下基体中活性元素对涂层形貌和组织的影响。结果表明,当送粉速率为5.60g·min~(-1),扫描速度小于5mm·s~(-1)时,涂层的熔深较大,涂层与基体的结合线向下凹陷;当扫描速度大于6mm·s~(-1)时,涂层的熔深较小,涂层与基体的结合平整光滑。送粉率的增大使得涂层的形貌发生变化。基体中硫元素的含量决定了涂层表面张力温度系数,改变了熔池中马兰戈尼对流方向,并最终影响涂层的成分和组织。
The laser cladding of CoCrW powder on 38 MnVS6 steel substrate is conducted,and the effects of active elements in substrate on the morphology and microstructure of laser cladding layer are investigated.The results show that,when the powder feeding rate is 5.60 g·min~(-1) and the scanning speed is smaller than 5 mm·s~(-1),the melt pool of cladding layer is relatively deep and the fusion line of cladding layer and substrate is concave downwards.When the scanning speed is higher than 6 mm·s~(-1),the melt pool is relatively shallow and the fusion line is smooth.The increase of the powder feeding rate makes the change of cladding layer morphology.The sulfur content in substrate determines the temperature coefficient of surface tension,which changes the direction of Maragoni convection and thus influences the final compositions and microstructures of cladding layers.
The laser cladding of CoCrW powder on 38 MnVS6 steel substrate is conducted,and the effects of active elements in substrate on the morphology and microstructure of laser cladding layer are investigated.The results show that,when the powder feeding rate is 5.60 g·min~(-1) and the scanning speed is smaller than 5 mm·s~(-1),the melt pool of cladding layer is relatively deep and the fusion line of cladding layer and substrate is concave downwards.When the scanning speed is higher than 6 mm·s~(-1),the melt pool is relatively shallow and the fusion line is smooth.The increase of the powder feeding rate makes the change of cladding layer morphology.The sulfur content in substrate determines the temperature coefficient of surface tension,which changes the direction of Maragoni convection and thus influences the final compositions and microstructures of cladding layers.
引文
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[3]Duan X X,Gao S Y,Gu Y F,et al.Study on reinforcement mechanism and frictional wear properties of 316L-SiC mixed layer deposited by laser cladding[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2016,43(1):0103004.段晓溪,高士友,顾勇飞,等.激光熔覆316L+SiC的强化机制和摩擦磨损性能研究[J].中国激光,2016,43(1):0103004.
[4]Lee Y S,Nordin M,Babu S S,et al.Influence of fluid convection on weld pool formation in laser cladding[J].Welding Journal,2014,93:292-300.
[5]Xu Y L,Dong Z B,Wei Y H,et al.Marangoni convection and weld shape variation in A-TIG welding process[J].Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics,2007,48(2):178-186.
[6]Dai D H,Gu D D.Tailored reinforcement/matrix interface and thermodynamic mechanism during selective laser melting composites[J].Materials Science and Technology,2016,32(7):617-628.
[7]Yu J J,Ruan D F,Li Y R,et al.Experimental study on thermocapillary convection of binary mixture in a shallow annular pool with radial temperature gradient[J].Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science,2015,61:79-86.
[8]He X L,Song L J,Yu G,et al.Solute transport and composition profile during direct metal deposition with coaxial powder injection[J].Applied Surface Science,2011,258(2):898-907.
[9]Peng J,Wang X X,Li G,et al.Effect of laser welding with filler wire on molten pool dynamic behavior and weld formation[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2017,44(11):1102004.彭进,王星星,李刚,等.激光填丝焊对熔池动态行为及焊缝成形的影响[J].中国激光,2017,44(11):1102004.
[10]Gan Z T,Liu H,Li S X,et al.Modeling of thermal behavior and mass transport in multi-layer laser additive manufacturing of Ni-based alloy on cast iron[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2017,111:709-722.
[11]Sahoo P,Debroy T,Mcnallan M J.Surface-tension of binary metal-surface-active solute systems under conditions relevant to welding metallurgy[J].Metallurgical Transactions B,1988,19(3):483-491.
[12]Lu S P,Fujii H,Nogi K.Sensitivity of Marangoni convection and weld shape variations to welding parameters in O2-Ar shielded GTA welding[J].Scripta Materialia,2004,51(3):271-277.
[13]Mills K C,Keene B J,Brooks R F,et al.Marangoni effects in welding[J].Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A,1998,356(1739):911-925.
[14]Lienert T J,Burgardt P,Harada K L,et al.Weld bead center line shift during laser welding of austenitic stainless steels with different sulfur content[J].Scripta Materialia,2014,71:37-40.
[15]Zhang S,Wu C L,Yi J Z,et al.Synthesis and characterization of FeCoCrAlCu high-entropy alloy coating by laser surface alloying[J].Surface&Coatings Technology,2015,262:64-69.
[16]Gan Z T,Yu G,He X L,et al.Numerical simulation of thermal behavior and multicomponent mass transfer in direct laser deposition of Co-base alloy on steel[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2017,104:28-38.
[17]Kumar A,Roy S.Effect of three-dimensional melt pool convection on process characteristics during laser cladding[J].Computational Materials Science,2009,46(2):495-506.
[18]Abderrazak K,Bannour S,Mhiri H,et al.Numerical and experimental study of molten pool formation during continuous laser welding of AZ91magnesium alloy[J].Computational Materials Science,2009,44(3):858-866.
[19]Xia S Q,He J J,Wang W,et al.Simulation of three-dimensional transient behavior of molten pool in laser deep penetration welding[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2016,43(11):1102004.夏胜全,何建军,王巍,等.激光深熔焊熔池三维瞬态行为数值模拟[J].中国激光,2016,43(11):1102004.
[20]Nogi K,Ogino K,Mclean A,et al.The temperature-coefficient of the surface-tension of pure liquid-metals[J].Metallurgical Transactions B,1986,17(1):163-170.
[21]Gan Z T,Yu G,He X L,et al.Surface-active element transport and its effect on liquid metal flow in laser-assisted additive manufacturing[J].International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer,2017,86:206-214.