基于区块链的能源互联网智能交易与协同调度体系研究
|
摘要
区块链具有智能合约、分布决策、协同自治、防篡改性等特征,在运行方式、拓扑形态、双边交易和协同调度等方面与能源互联网有天然相似之处,可以很好地支撑能源互联网建设。该文从二者技术融合的角度出发,基于能源互联网的物理拓扑结构和逻辑协议层次分析,提出了基于区块链的能源互联网层次架构模型;设计了交易完全去中心化的能源互联网智能交易模式及信任机制;探讨了在调度部分去中心化下的垂直分级调度系统和多级变电站的协同调度模式,及相应的电网安全校核与物理约束条件;形成了基于区块链技术构建的支撑"横向多源互补,纵向协同调度"体系的能源互联网智能交易与协同调度模式,有利于实现能量流和信息流的高度融合控制与安全传输。
The Blockchain has the features of intelligent contracts, distribution decision, cooperative autonomy and tamper resistance. These characteristics make it naturally similar to the Energy Internet in running ways, topological form, bilateral trade and synergic dispatch and so on. It can finely support the construction of Energy Internet. Based on the analysis of the physical topological and the logical protocol hierarchy of the Energy Internet, this paper, from the perspective of Blockchain as well as Energy Internet, proposed the Energy Internet hierarchy model which based on Blockchain and designed the intelligent trade model of Energy Internet and trust mechanism. Beyond that, this paper also discussed the synergic scheduling model between vertical hierarchical scheduling system and multi-level substation after the decentralized of the dispatch section as well as the corresponding security check of power grid and physical constraints. It also formed an Energy Internet intelligent transaction and collaborative scheduling model, based on block chain technology, supporting the "horizontal multi-source complementary, vertical collaborative scheduling" system, and it is conducive to the perfect integration of energy flow and information flow and secure transmission.
The Blockchain has the features of intelligent contracts, distribution decision, cooperative autonomy and tamper resistance. These characteristics make it naturally similar to the Energy Internet in running ways, topological form, bilateral trade and synergic dispatch and so on. It can finely support the construction of Energy Internet. Based on the analysis of the physical topological and the logical protocol hierarchy of the Energy Internet, this paper, from the perspective of Blockchain as well as Energy Internet, proposed the Energy Internet hierarchy model which based on Blockchain and designed the intelligent trade model of Energy Internet and trust mechanism. Beyond that, this paper also discussed the synergic scheduling model between vertical hierarchical scheduling system and multi-level substation after the decentralized of the dispatch section as well as the corresponding security check of power grid and physical constraints. It also formed an Energy Internet intelligent transaction and collaborative scheduling model, based on block chain technology, supporting the "horizontal multi-source complementary, vertical collaborative scheduling" system, and it is conducive to the perfect integration of energy flow and information flow and secure transmission.
引文
[1]国家电网公司.《国家电网公司促进新能源发展白皮书(2016)》[R].北京:国家电网公司,2016.State Grid Corporation.White paper of new energy development promotion[R].Beijing:State Grid Corporation,2016(in Chinese).
[2]杨德昌,赵肖余,徐梓潇,等.区块链在能源互联网中应用现状分析和前景展望[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(13):3664-3671.Yang Dechang,Zhao Xiaoyu,Xu Zixiao,et al.Application status analysis and prospect of blockchain in energy internet[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(13):3664-3671(in Chinese).
[3]孙宏斌,郭庆来,潘昭光,等.能源互联网:驱动力、评述与展望[J].电网技术,2015,39(11):3005-3013.Sun Hongbin,Guo Qinglai,Pan Zhaoguang,et al.Energy internet:driving force,review and prospect[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(11):3005-3013(in Chinese).
[4]张屹.中国能源安全与全球治理模式反思--以中国能源战略为视角[J].山东行政学院学报,2017(2):76-81.Zhang Yi.Review of China's energy security and global governance model:from the perspective of China’s energy strategy[J].Journal of Shandong Academy of Governance,2017(2):76-81(in Chinese).
[5]孙宏斌,郭庆来,潘昭光.能源互联网:理念、架构与前沿展望[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(19):1-8.Sun Hongbin,Guo Qingcai,Pan Shaoguang.Energy internet:concept,architecture and frontier outlook[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(19):1-8(in Chinese).
[6]张宁,王毅,康重庆,等.能源互联网中的区块链技术:研究框架与典型应用初探[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(15):4011-4022.Zhang Ning,Wang Yi,Kang Chongqing,et al.Bcockchain technique in the energy internet:preliminary research framework and typical applications[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(15):4011-4022(in Chinese).
[7]沈鑫,裴庆祺,刘雪峰.区块链技术综述[J].网络与信息安全学报,2016,2(11):11-20.Shen Xin,Pei Qingqi,Liu Xuefeng.Overview of blockchain technique[J].Chinese Journal of Network and Information Security,2016,2(11):11-20(in Chinese).
[8]曾鸣,程俊,王雨晴,等.区块链框架下能源互联网多模块协同自治模式初探[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(13):3672-3681.Zeng Ming,Cheng Jun,Wang Yuqing,et al.Research on multi module collaborative autonomous mode of energy internet based on blockchain framework[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(13):3672-3681(in Chinese).
[9]邰雪,孙宏斌,郭庆来.能源互联网中基于区块链的电力交易和阻塞管理办法[J].电网技术,2016,40(12):3630-3638.Tai Xue,Sun Hongbin,Guo Qinglai.Measures for power trading and congestion management based on blockchain in the energy internet[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(12):3630-3638(in Chinese).
[10]杨晓东,张有兵,卢俊杰,等.基于区块链技术的能源局域网储能系统自动需求响应[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(13):3703-3716.Yang Xiaodong,Zhang Youbing,Lu Junjie,et al.Automatic demand response of energy storage system in energy local area network based on blockchain technique[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(13):3703-3716(in Chinese).
[11]武庚,曾博,李冉,等.区块链技术在综合需求侧响应资源交易中的应用模式研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(13):3717-3728.Wu Geng,Zeng Bo,Li Ran,et al.Research on application model of blockchain technique in integrated demand side response resource transaction[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(13):3717-3728(in Chinese).
[12]欧阳旭,朱向前,叶伦,等.区块链技术在大用户直购电中的应用初探[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(13):3737-3745.Ouyang Xu,Zhu Xiangqian,Ye Lun,et al.Application of blockchain technique in direct purchase of large consumers[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(13):3737-3745(in Chinese).
[13]李柏青,刘道伟,秦晓辉,等.信息驱动的大电网全景安全防御概念及理论框架[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(21):5796-5805.Li Baiqing,Liu Daowei,Qin Xiaohui,et al.Concept and theory framework of panoramic security defense for buck power system driven by information[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(21):5796-5805(in Chinese).
[14]高昆仑,王志皓,安宁钰,等.基于可信计算技术构建电力监测控制系统网络安全免疫系统[J].工程科学与技术,2017,49(2):28-35.Gao Kuncun,Wang Zhihao,An Ningyu,et al.Construction of the immune system of cyber security for electric power supervise and control system based on trusted computing[J].Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science Edition),2017,49(2):28-35(in Chinese).
[15]曾之明.颠覆未来的黑科技:区块链的世界你懂不懂[J].金融经济:市场版,2017(4):36-37.Zeng Zhiming.Black technology to subvert the future:Do you understand the world of block chains[J].Finance&Economy:Market Edition,2017(4):36-37(in Chinese).
[16]Salahuddin M,Alam K.Internet usage,electricity consumption and economic growth in Australia:a time series evidence[J].Telematics and Informatics,2015,32(4):862-878.
[17]曾鸣,杨雍琦,刘敦楠,等.能源互联网“源-网-荷-储”协调优化运营模式及关键技术[J].电网技术,2016,40(1):114-124.Zeng Ming,Yang Yongqi,Liu Dunnan,et al.Energy internet“source-network-load-storage”coordination and optimization of operation modes and key technologies[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(1):114-124(in Chinese).
[18]Huang A Q,Crow M C,Heydt G T,et al.The future renewable electric energy delivery and management(FREEDM)system:the energy internet[J].Proceedings of the IEEE,2011,99(1):133-148.
[19]邹均,张海宁,唐屹,等.区块链技术指南[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2016:31-33.Zou Yun,Zhang Haining,Tang Yi,et al.Blockchain technique guidelines[M].Beijing:China Machine Press,2016:31-33(in Chinese).
[20]曹寅.能源区块链与能源互联网[J].风能,2016(5):14-15.Cao Yan.Energy blockchain and energy internet[J].Wind Energy,2016(5):14-15(in Chinese).
[21]王安平,范金刚,郭艳来.区块链在能源互联网中的应用[J].电力信息与通信技术,2016(9):1-6.Wang Anping,Fan Jingang,Guo Yanlai.Application of blockchain in energy internet[J].Electric Power Information and Communication Technology,2016(9):1-6(in Chinese).
[22]颜拥,赵俊华,文福拴,等.能源系统中的区块链:概念、应用与展望[J].电力建设,2017,38(2):12-20.Yan Yong,Zhao Junhua,Wen Fushuan,et al.Blockchain in energy systems:concepts,applications and perspectives[J].Electric Power Construction,2017,38(2):12-20(in Chinese).
[23]刘振亚.全球能源互联网跨国跨洲互联研究及展望[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(19):5103-5110.Liu Zhenya.Research of global clean energy resource and power grid interconnection[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(19):5103-5110(in Chinese).
[24]Zyskind G,Nathan O,Pentland A.Decentralizing privacy:using blockchain to protect personal data[C]//IEEESecurity and Privacy Workshops.San Jose,CA,USA:IEEE Computer Society,2015:180-184.
[25]刘涤尘,彭思成,廖清芬,等.面向能源互联网的未来综合配电系统形态展望[J].电网技术,2015,39(11):3023-3034.Liu Dichen,Peng Sicheng,Liao Qingfen,et al.Outlook of future integrated distribution system morphology orienting to energy internet[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(11):3023-3034(in Chinese).
[26]赵阔,邢永恒.区块链技术驱动下的物联网安全研究综述[J].信息网络安全,2017(5):1-6.Zhao Kuo,Xing Yongheng.Security survey of internet of things driven by block chain technology[J].NETINFOSECURITY,2017(5):1-6(in Chinese).
[27]Smith S B.Method and system to use a block chain infrastructure and Smart Contracts to monetize data transactions involving changes to data included into a data supply chain,US 20150379510 A1[P].2015.
[28]Azaria A,Ekblaw A,Vieira T,et al.Med Rec:using blockchain for medical data access and permission management[C]//International Conference on Open and Big Data.Vienna,Austria:IEEE,2016:25-30.
[29]Kaneko I.Lightweight security framework for media internet of things using probabilistic multilateral security model and block chain[J].IEEE Transactions on Electronics Information&Systems,2017,137(6):796-801.
[30]杨方,白翠粉,张义斌.能源互联网的价值与实现架构研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(14):3495-3502.Yang Fang,Bai Cuifen,Zhang Yibin.Research on the value and implementation framework of energy internet[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(14):4011-4022(in Chinese).
[31]李彬,张洁,祁兵,等.区块链:需求侧资源参与电网互动的支撑技术[J].电力建设,2017,38(3):1-8.Li Bin,Zhang Jie,Qi Bing,et al.Blockchain:supporting technology of demand side resources participating in grid interaction[J].Electric Power Construction,2017,38(3):1-8(in Chinese).
[32]张向宏,苏禹.能源互联网及其安全防护体系建设研究[J].微型机与应用,2015,34(9):5-11.Zhang Xianghong,Su Yu.Research on energy internet and its security protection system construction[J].Microcomputer&Its Applications,2015,34(9):5-11(in Chinese).
[33]Lewenberg Y,Sompolinsky Y,Zohar A.Inclusive block chain protocols[M].Springer Berlin Heidelberg:Financial Cryptography and Data Security,2015:528-547.
[34]姚建国,高志远,杨胜春.能源互联网的认识和展望[J].电力系统自动化,2015(23):9-14.Yao Jianguo,Gao Zhiyuan,Yang Shengchun.Understanding and prospects of energy internet[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015(23):9-14(in Chinese).
[2]杨德昌,赵肖余,徐梓潇,等.区块链在能源互联网中应用现状分析和前景展望[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(13):3664-3671.Yang Dechang,Zhao Xiaoyu,Xu Zixiao,et al.Application status analysis and prospect of blockchain in energy internet[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(13):3664-3671(in Chinese).
[3]孙宏斌,郭庆来,潘昭光,等.能源互联网:驱动力、评述与展望[J].电网技术,2015,39(11):3005-3013.Sun Hongbin,Guo Qinglai,Pan Zhaoguang,et al.Energy internet:driving force,review and prospect[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(11):3005-3013(in Chinese).
[4]张屹.中国能源安全与全球治理模式反思--以中国能源战略为视角[J].山东行政学院学报,2017(2):76-81.Zhang Yi.Review of China's energy security and global governance model:from the perspective of China’s energy strategy[J].Journal of Shandong Academy of Governance,2017(2):76-81(in Chinese).
[5]孙宏斌,郭庆来,潘昭光.能源互联网:理念、架构与前沿展望[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(19):1-8.Sun Hongbin,Guo Qingcai,Pan Shaoguang.Energy internet:concept,architecture and frontier outlook[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(19):1-8(in Chinese).
[6]张宁,王毅,康重庆,等.能源互联网中的区块链技术:研究框架与典型应用初探[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(15):4011-4022.Zhang Ning,Wang Yi,Kang Chongqing,et al.Bcockchain technique in the energy internet:preliminary research framework and typical applications[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(15):4011-4022(in Chinese).
[7]沈鑫,裴庆祺,刘雪峰.区块链技术综述[J].网络与信息安全学报,2016,2(11):11-20.Shen Xin,Pei Qingqi,Liu Xuefeng.Overview of blockchain technique[J].Chinese Journal of Network and Information Security,2016,2(11):11-20(in Chinese).
[8]曾鸣,程俊,王雨晴,等.区块链框架下能源互联网多模块协同自治模式初探[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(13):3672-3681.Zeng Ming,Cheng Jun,Wang Yuqing,et al.Research on multi module collaborative autonomous mode of energy internet based on blockchain framework[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(13):3672-3681(in Chinese).
[9]邰雪,孙宏斌,郭庆来.能源互联网中基于区块链的电力交易和阻塞管理办法[J].电网技术,2016,40(12):3630-3638.Tai Xue,Sun Hongbin,Guo Qinglai.Measures for power trading and congestion management based on blockchain in the energy internet[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(12):3630-3638(in Chinese).
[10]杨晓东,张有兵,卢俊杰,等.基于区块链技术的能源局域网储能系统自动需求响应[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(13):3703-3716.Yang Xiaodong,Zhang Youbing,Lu Junjie,et al.Automatic demand response of energy storage system in energy local area network based on blockchain technique[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(13):3703-3716(in Chinese).
[11]武庚,曾博,李冉,等.区块链技术在综合需求侧响应资源交易中的应用模式研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(13):3717-3728.Wu Geng,Zeng Bo,Li Ran,et al.Research on application model of blockchain technique in integrated demand side response resource transaction[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(13):3717-3728(in Chinese).
[12]欧阳旭,朱向前,叶伦,等.区块链技术在大用户直购电中的应用初探[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(13):3737-3745.Ouyang Xu,Zhu Xiangqian,Ye Lun,et al.Application of blockchain technique in direct purchase of large consumers[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(13):3737-3745(in Chinese).
[13]李柏青,刘道伟,秦晓辉,等.信息驱动的大电网全景安全防御概念及理论框架[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(21):5796-5805.Li Baiqing,Liu Daowei,Qin Xiaohui,et al.Concept and theory framework of panoramic security defense for buck power system driven by information[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(21):5796-5805(in Chinese).
[14]高昆仑,王志皓,安宁钰,等.基于可信计算技术构建电力监测控制系统网络安全免疫系统[J].工程科学与技术,2017,49(2):28-35.Gao Kuncun,Wang Zhihao,An Ningyu,et al.Construction of the immune system of cyber security for electric power supervise and control system based on trusted computing[J].Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science Edition),2017,49(2):28-35(in Chinese).
[15]曾之明.颠覆未来的黑科技:区块链的世界你懂不懂[J].金融经济:市场版,2017(4):36-37.Zeng Zhiming.Black technology to subvert the future:Do you understand the world of block chains[J].Finance&Economy:Market Edition,2017(4):36-37(in Chinese).
[16]Salahuddin M,Alam K.Internet usage,electricity consumption and economic growth in Australia:a time series evidence[J].Telematics and Informatics,2015,32(4):862-878.
[17]曾鸣,杨雍琦,刘敦楠,等.能源互联网“源-网-荷-储”协调优化运营模式及关键技术[J].电网技术,2016,40(1):114-124.Zeng Ming,Yang Yongqi,Liu Dunnan,et al.Energy internet“source-network-load-storage”coordination and optimization of operation modes and key technologies[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(1):114-124(in Chinese).
[18]Huang A Q,Crow M C,Heydt G T,et al.The future renewable electric energy delivery and management(FREEDM)system:the energy internet[J].Proceedings of the IEEE,2011,99(1):133-148.
[19]邹均,张海宁,唐屹,等.区块链技术指南[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2016:31-33.Zou Yun,Zhang Haining,Tang Yi,et al.Blockchain technique guidelines[M].Beijing:China Machine Press,2016:31-33(in Chinese).
[20]曹寅.能源区块链与能源互联网[J].风能,2016(5):14-15.Cao Yan.Energy blockchain and energy internet[J].Wind Energy,2016(5):14-15(in Chinese).
[21]王安平,范金刚,郭艳来.区块链在能源互联网中的应用[J].电力信息与通信技术,2016(9):1-6.Wang Anping,Fan Jingang,Guo Yanlai.Application of blockchain in energy internet[J].Electric Power Information and Communication Technology,2016(9):1-6(in Chinese).
[22]颜拥,赵俊华,文福拴,等.能源系统中的区块链:概念、应用与展望[J].电力建设,2017,38(2):12-20.Yan Yong,Zhao Junhua,Wen Fushuan,et al.Blockchain in energy systems:concepts,applications and perspectives[J].Electric Power Construction,2017,38(2):12-20(in Chinese).
[23]刘振亚.全球能源互联网跨国跨洲互联研究及展望[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(19):5103-5110.Liu Zhenya.Research of global clean energy resource and power grid interconnection[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(19):5103-5110(in Chinese).
[24]Zyskind G,Nathan O,Pentland A.Decentralizing privacy:using blockchain to protect personal data[C]//IEEESecurity and Privacy Workshops.San Jose,CA,USA:IEEE Computer Society,2015:180-184.
[25]刘涤尘,彭思成,廖清芬,等.面向能源互联网的未来综合配电系统形态展望[J].电网技术,2015,39(11):3023-3034.Liu Dichen,Peng Sicheng,Liao Qingfen,et al.Outlook of future integrated distribution system morphology orienting to energy internet[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(11):3023-3034(in Chinese).
[26]赵阔,邢永恒.区块链技术驱动下的物联网安全研究综述[J].信息网络安全,2017(5):1-6.Zhao Kuo,Xing Yongheng.Security survey of internet of things driven by block chain technology[J].NETINFOSECURITY,2017(5):1-6(in Chinese).
[27]Smith S B.Method and system to use a block chain infrastructure and Smart Contracts to monetize data transactions involving changes to data included into a data supply chain,US 20150379510 A1[P].2015.
[28]Azaria A,Ekblaw A,Vieira T,et al.Med Rec:using blockchain for medical data access and permission management[C]//International Conference on Open and Big Data.Vienna,Austria:IEEE,2016:25-30.
[29]Kaneko I.Lightweight security framework for media internet of things using probabilistic multilateral security model and block chain[J].IEEE Transactions on Electronics Information&Systems,2017,137(6):796-801.
[30]杨方,白翠粉,张义斌.能源互联网的价值与实现架构研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(14):3495-3502.Yang Fang,Bai Cuifen,Zhang Yibin.Research on the value and implementation framework of energy internet[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(14):4011-4022(in Chinese).
[31]李彬,张洁,祁兵,等.区块链:需求侧资源参与电网互动的支撑技术[J].电力建设,2017,38(3):1-8.Li Bin,Zhang Jie,Qi Bing,et al.Blockchain:supporting technology of demand side resources participating in grid interaction[J].Electric Power Construction,2017,38(3):1-8(in Chinese).
[32]张向宏,苏禹.能源互联网及其安全防护体系建设研究[J].微型机与应用,2015,34(9):5-11.Zhang Xianghong,Su Yu.Research on energy internet and its security protection system construction[J].Microcomputer&Its Applications,2015,34(9):5-11(in Chinese).
[33]Lewenberg Y,Sompolinsky Y,Zohar A.Inclusive block chain protocols[M].Springer Berlin Heidelberg:Financial Cryptography and Data Security,2015:528-547.
[34]姚建国,高志远,杨胜春.能源互联网的认识和展望[J].电力系统自动化,2015(23):9-14.Yao Jianguo,Gao Zhiyuan,Yang Shengchun.Understanding and prospects of energy internet[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015(23):9-14(in Chinese).