碱坪沟泥石流运动模型
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摘要
针对碱坪沟特殊的地理环境和地质条件,通过室内模型实验,研究不同降雨强度下入渗强度变化规律。结合入渗规律,建立适用于碱坪沟泥石流的一维运动模型。该模型在圣维南方程组的基础上,考虑沟谷两侧向中心汇流和入渗因素,并用Preissmann四点隐格式差分方法对方程组进行计算。根据"8.13"碱坪沟泥石流爆发当天的小时降雨量,计算泥石流爆发过程中的流速和流深变化情况,并与监测资料进行对比验证。研究结果表明:该模型较好地反演了"8.13"碱坪沟泥石流运动过程中的参数变化情况。
Based on the special geographical and geological conditions of Jianping Gully, a set of laboratory model tank experiments were carried out to study the runoff and infiltration regularity. On the basis of Saint-Venant equations, a movement model of debris flow was built considering the side stream and infiltration. The equations were numerically solved by applying Preissmann four-point linear implicit scheme. According to the actual hourly rainfall happening on August 13 th, 2010, the flow depth and speed were calculated and verified by the monitored values. The results show hat the movement process of "8.13 Debris Flow" can be simulated by the model based on parametric inversion.
Based on the special geographical and geological conditions of Jianping Gully, a set of laboratory model tank experiments were carried out to study the runoff and infiltration regularity. On the basis of Saint-Venant equations, a movement model of debris flow was built considering the side stream and infiltration. The equations were numerically solved by applying Preissmann four-point linear implicit scheme. According to the actual hourly rainfall happening on August 13 th, 2010, the flow depth and speed were calculated and verified by the monitored values. The results show hat the movement process of "8.13 Debris Flow" can be simulated by the model based on parametric inversion.
引文
[1]褚胜名,余斌,李丽,等.“8.13”碱坪沟泥石流形成机理及特征研究[J].中国水土保持,2011,11(8):52-54.ZHU Shengming,YU Bin,LI Li,et al.Forming mechanism and characteristics of debris flow happened on August 13,2010 in Jianping gully[J].Soil and Water Conservation in China,2011,11(8):52-54.
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[11]李志威,王兆印,赵娜,等.弯曲河流斜槽裁弯模式与发育过程[J].水科学进展,2013,24(2):161-168.LI Zhiwei,WANG Zhaoyin,ZHAO Na,et al.Development processes of chute cutoffs on meandering rivers[J].Advances in Water Science,2013,24(2):161-168.
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[13]杨寅群,李怀恩,杨方社.基于数学模型的陕西黑河水源区植被过滤带效果评估[J].水科学进展,2013,24(1):42-48.YANG Yanqun,LI Huaien,YANG Fangshe.An assessment of the effectiveness of vegetated filter strips for Heihe River headwaters area using numerical simulation[J].Advances in Water Science,2013,24(1):42-48.
[14]周伟,唐川,周春花.汶川震区暴雨泥石流激发雨量特征[J].水科学进展,2012,23(5):650-655.ZHOU Wei,TANG Chuan,ZHOU Chunhua.Critical rainfall characteristics for rainfall-induced debris flows in Wenchuan earthquake affected areas[J].Advances in Water Science,2013,24(1):42-48.
[15]王光谦,邵颂东,费祥俊.泥石流模拟I:模型[J].泥沙研究,1998(3):7-13.WANG Guangqian,SHAO Songdong,FEI Xiangjun.The simulation of debris flows:Model[J].Journal of Sediment Research,1998(3):7-13.
[16]杨国录.四点时空偏心Preissmann格式的应用问题[J].泥沙研究,1991(4):88-98.YANG Guolu.The application research of Preissmann four-point linear implicit scheme[J].Journal of Sediment Research,1991(4):88-98.
[17]张国华,张展羽,左长清,等.坡地自然降雨入渗产流的数值模拟[J].水利学报,2007,38(6):668-673.ZHANG Guohua,ZHANG Zhanyu,ZUO Changqing,et al.Numerical simulation of runoff generation on slope under the condition of rainfall[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2007,38(6):668-673.
[2]Johnson A M.地质学中的物理过程[M].张之立,李兴才,译.北京:科学出版社,1983:54-63.Johnson A M.The physical process in geology[M].ZHANG Zhili,LI Xingcai,Trans.Beijing:Science Press,1983:54-63.
[3]范椿.一维定常泥石流的数学模型[J].力学与实践.1994,16(1):50-52.FAN Chun.One-dimensional mathematical model of debris flow[J].Mechanics and Practice,1994,16(1):50-52.
[4]Lin D G,Hsu S Y,Chang K T.Numerical simulation of flow motion and deposition characteristics of granular debris flows[J].Natural Hazards,2009,50(3):623-650.
[5]Takahashi T.Debris flow mechanics,prediction and countermeasures[M].London:Taylor&Francis Group,2007:126-184.
[6]Takahashi T,Nakagawa H,Harada T,et al.Routing debris flows with particle segregation[J].Journal of Hydraulic EngineeringASCE,1992,118(11):1490-1507.
[7]Iverson R M.The physics of debris flow[J].Reviews of Geophysics,1997,35(3):245-296.
[8]Iverson R M,Denlinger R P.Flow of variably fluidized granular masses,across three-dimensional terrain[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2001,106(B1):537-552.
[9]Iverson R M,Logan M,Denlinger R P.Granular avalanches across irregular three-dimensional terrain,2:Experimental tests[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2004,109(F1):549-562.
[10]Zhang S C.A comprehensive approach to the observation and prevention of debris flows in China[J].Nature Hazards,1993,3(7):1-23.
[11]李志威,王兆印,赵娜,等.弯曲河流斜槽裁弯模式与发育过程[J].水科学进展,2013,24(2):161-168.LI Zhiwei,WANG Zhaoyin,ZHAO Na,et al.Development processes of chute cutoffs on meandering rivers[J].Advances in Water Science,2013,24(2):161-168.
[12]司伟,包为民,瞿思敏.洪水预报产流误差的动态系统响应曲线修正方法[J].水科学进展,2013,24(4):497-503.SI Wei,BAO Weimin,QU Simin.Runoff error correction in real-time flood forecasting based on dynamic system response curve[J].Advances in Water Science,2013,24(4):497-503.
[13]杨寅群,李怀恩,杨方社.基于数学模型的陕西黑河水源区植被过滤带效果评估[J].水科学进展,2013,24(1):42-48.YANG Yanqun,LI Huaien,YANG Fangshe.An assessment of the effectiveness of vegetated filter strips for Heihe River headwaters area using numerical simulation[J].Advances in Water Science,2013,24(1):42-48.
[14]周伟,唐川,周春花.汶川震区暴雨泥石流激发雨量特征[J].水科学进展,2012,23(5):650-655.ZHOU Wei,TANG Chuan,ZHOU Chunhua.Critical rainfall characteristics for rainfall-induced debris flows in Wenchuan earthquake affected areas[J].Advances in Water Science,2013,24(1):42-48.
[15]王光谦,邵颂东,费祥俊.泥石流模拟I:模型[J].泥沙研究,1998(3):7-13.WANG Guangqian,SHAO Songdong,FEI Xiangjun.The simulation of debris flows:Model[J].Journal of Sediment Research,1998(3):7-13.
[16]杨国录.四点时空偏心Preissmann格式的应用问题[J].泥沙研究,1991(4):88-98.YANG Guolu.The application research of Preissmann four-point linear implicit scheme[J].Journal of Sediment Research,1991(4):88-98.
[17]张国华,张展羽,左长清,等.坡地自然降雨入渗产流的数值模拟[J].水利学报,2007,38(6):668-673.ZHANG Guohua,ZHANG Zhanyu,ZUO Changqing,et al.Numerical simulation of runoff generation on slope under the condition of rainfall[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2007,38(6):668-673.
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