新中国语文教育七十年
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摘要
本文将新中国成立70年来的语文教育研究分为初创、改革、复兴3个时期,分别追溯其时代背景,记述相关语文人物与事件,梳理具有代表性的研究成果,归纳总结经验教训。初创期,语文学习成为全党政治任务,汉语、文学分科教学,工具论成为指导思想,"文革"使语文教育遭受严重破坏。改革期,拨乱反正、改革开放成为主旋律,一批语文大家发挥引领作用,语文教师改革热情高涨,全国中语会、小语会发挥了重要作用。复兴期,语文教育受到高度重视,新课标、新教材、新高考稳步实施,区域性教学研究日趋活跃,但仍存在缺憾。在新时代,语文教育必将在立德树人和培养语文能力上发挥更大作用。
This paper offers an overview of the historical development of Chinese language education in the past seventy years since the founding of the People's Republic of China. The Chinese language education in China can be divided into three phases: inception stage, reform stage and rejuvenation stage. In the inception stage(1949–1977), Chinese language education was a political mission for the Communist Party and the government, and an array of corpus and status planning endeavors for the Chinese language and written characters were made(e.g. publication of Hanyu Pinyin romanization system, simplification of Chinese characters, and promotion of Mandarin Chinese). The Chinese language was mainly conceptualized as a tool. However,the Cultural Revolution caused severe damage to the Chinese language education. In the reform stage(1978–2011), Chinese language education was brought back to order, and many eminent educators and scholars participated in the public discussion of Chinese education in schools. Moreover, a national-wide Chinese language education survey was conducted and several rounds of Chinese language curriculum reform were carried out in this period. The rejuvenation stage(2012–2019) witnessed the adoption of a new Chinese language syllabus and curriculum, and regional Chinese language teaching was becoming increasingly active. In view of the merits and problems in the past seven decades' Chinese language education, this paper concludes that Chinese language education still assumes a paramount role in nurturing good virtues and characters and developing Chinese language skills.
This paper offers an overview of the historical development of Chinese language education in the past seventy years since the founding of the People's Republic of China. The Chinese language education in China can be divided into three phases: inception stage, reform stage and rejuvenation stage. In the inception stage(1949–1977), Chinese language education was a political mission for the Communist Party and the government, and an array of corpus and status planning endeavors for the Chinese language and written characters were made(e.g. publication of Hanyu Pinyin romanization system, simplification of Chinese characters, and promotion of Mandarin Chinese). The Chinese language was mainly conceptualized as a tool. However,the Cultural Revolution caused severe damage to the Chinese language education. In the reform stage(1978–2011), Chinese language education was brought back to order, and many eminent educators and scholars participated in the public discussion of Chinese education in schools. Moreover, a national-wide Chinese language education survey was conducted and several rounds of Chinese language curriculum reform were carried out in this period. The rejuvenation stage(2012–2019) witnessed the adoption of a new Chinese language syllabus and curriculum, and regional Chinese language teaching was becoming increasingly active. In view of the merits and problems in the past seven decades' Chinese language education, this paper concludes that Chinese language education still assumes a paramount role in nurturing good virtues and characters and developing Chinese language skills.
引文
邓小平1983《邓小平文选》,北京:人民出版社。
顾黄初2001《中国现代语文教育百年事典》,上海:上海教育出版社。
顾之川2009《多纲多本:语文教科书的现状与思考》,《中学语文教学》第 10 期。
何东昌1998《中华人民共和国重要教育文献:1949 ~ 1975》,海口:海南出版社。
《胡乔木传》编写组2015《胡乔木谈语言文字(修订本)》,北京:人民出版社。
课程教材研究所2010 ~ 2012《新中国中小学教材建设史 1949 ~ 2000 研究丛书·总论卷 / 小学语文卷 / 中学语文卷》,北京:人民教育出版社。
人民教育出版社中学语文编辑室1981《中学语文教学现状和设想》,北京:人民教育出版社。
王光祖1990《全国初中语文教学调查与分析》,上海:华东师范大学出版社。
《中国语文》编辑部1979《语文教学问题》,北京:中国社会科学出版社。
(1)笔者1966年入学时,用的教材就是《毛主席语录》。
顾黄初2001《中国现代语文教育百年事典》,上海:上海教育出版社。
顾之川2009《多纲多本:语文教科书的现状与思考》,《中学语文教学》第 10 期。
何东昌1998《中华人民共和国重要教育文献:1949 ~ 1975》,海口:海南出版社。
《胡乔木传》编写组2015《胡乔木谈语言文字(修订本)》,北京:人民出版社。
课程教材研究所2010 ~ 2012《新中国中小学教材建设史 1949 ~ 2000 研究丛书·总论卷 / 小学语文卷 / 中学语文卷》,北京:人民教育出版社。
人民教育出版社中学语文编辑室1981《中学语文教学现状和设想》,北京:人民教育出版社。
王光祖1990《全国初中语文教学调查与分析》,上海:华东师范大学出版社。
《中国语文》编辑部1979《语文教学问题》,北京:中国社会科学出版社。
(1)笔者1966年入学时,用的教材就是《毛主席语录》。