覆膜滴灌条件下棉花根层土壤盐分时间稳定性研究
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摘要
为揭示膜下滴灌棉田主根区土壤盐分的时间变异特性,基于2013—2014年田间实测数据,采用变异系数、平均相对偏差和标准差等方法研究了不同土层土壤盐分的时间稳定性,并进一步确定了可以反映各土层土壤平均含盐量的代表性测点。结果表明,研究区域0~40 cm土层土壤盐分随时间序列的变异性只有少数几个测点属于强变异,其余均属于中等变异;在棉花主根层(40 cm)内,土壤盐分的时间稳定性随土层深度增加呈现先增强后略微减弱趋势,在30 cm土层深度稳定性最强,平均相对偏差浮动范围最小、且其平均标准差最小;反映各土层平均含盐量的代表测点分布较为集中,可选取代表地块对区域土壤含盐量进行估算(决定系数R2为0.791 2~0.917 1)。棉田主根层土壤盐分时间稳定性研究有利于指导田间灌溉;选取少量且具有代表性的测点可为区域合理布设土壤盐分监测点提供理论依据。
To explore the spatial variability of soil salinity at root zone in cotton field under plastic drip irrigation,we conducted field experiments in 2013 and 2014 and employed the coefficient of variation,mean relative deviation and standard deviation to investigate the spatial variability of soil salinity for 0 ~5 cm,5 ~ 10 cm,10 ~ 15 cm,15 ~ 20 cm,20 ~ 30 cm and 30 ~ 40 cm layers,and further confirmed representative points that well reflected average soil salinity for each layer. Results showed that for 0 ~40 cm depth,variation degree of soil salinity of only a few points were strong,and most points were medium. Furthermore,in this main root zone,temporal stability of soil salinity first obviously increased and then slightly decreased with increasing of depth. Its stability was the strongest in 30 cm depth under surface,with the smallest floating range of mean relative deviation and the smallest mean standard deviation. Based on these findings,some representative points could be selected to estimate average soilsalinity for 0 ~ 5 cm,5 ~ 10 cm,10 ~ 15 cm,15 ~ 20 cm,20 ~ 30 cm and 30 ~ 40 cm layers,and the spatial distribution of the selected points was concentrated. Besides,the relationship between the salinity of representative points and that of the whole area showed a good linear correlation,with high accuracy and determination coefficient from 0. 791 2 to 0. 917 1. This research on temporal stability of soil salinity in main root zone can help to guide the field irrigation. And selecting as few representative points as possible can provide a theoretical basis for observation points of soil salinity in this region.
To explore the spatial variability of soil salinity at root zone in cotton field under plastic drip irrigation,we conducted field experiments in 2013 and 2014 and employed the coefficient of variation,mean relative deviation and standard deviation to investigate the spatial variability of soil salinity for 0 ~5 cm,5 ~ 10 cm,10 ~ 15 cm,15 ~ 20 cm,20 ~ 30 cm and 30 ~ 40 cm layers,and further confirmed representative points that well reflected average soil salinity for each layer. Results showed that for 0 ~40 cm depth,variation degree of soil salinity of only a few points were strong,and most points were medium. Furthermore,in this main root zone,temporal stability of soil salinity first obviously increased and then slightly decreased with increasing of depth. Its stability was the strongest in 30 cm depth under surface,with the smallest floating range of mean relative deviation and the smallest mean standard deviation. Based on these findings,some representative points could be selected to estimate average soilsalinity for 0 ~ 5 cm,5 ~ 10 cm,10 ~ 15 cm,15 ~ 20 cm,20 ~ 30 cm and 30 ~ 40 cm layers,and the spatial distribution of the selected points was concentrated. Besides,the relationship between the salinity of representative points and that of the whole area showed a good linear correlation,with high accuracy and determination coefficient from 0. 791 2 to 0. 917 1. This research on temporal stability of soil salinity in main root zone can help to guide the field irrigation. And selecting as few representative points as possible can provide a theoretical basis for observation points of soil salinity in this region.
引文
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11 Bezborodov G A,Shadmanov D K,Mirhashimov R T,et al.Mulching and water quality effects on soil salinity and sodicity dynamics and cotton productivity in Central Asia[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,2010,138(1-2):95-102.
12 王卫华,王全九.黑河中游绿洲麦田土壤导气率空间变异尺度性研究[J].农业机械学报,2014,45(4):179-183.Wang Weihua,Wang Quanjiu.Scale-dependency of spatial variability of soil air permeability on typical oasis croplands at middle reaches of Heihe River[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2014,45(4):179-183.(in Chinese)
13 史文娟,马媛,徐飞,等.不同微尺度膜下滴灌棉田土壤水盐空间变异特性[J].水科学进展,2014,25(4):585-593.Shi Wenjuan,Ma Yuan,Xu Fei,et al.Spatial variability of soil moisture and salt content in cotton field on microscales under mulch drip irrigation[J].Advances in Water Science,2014,25(4):585-593.(in Chinese)
14 邢旭光,史文娟,王全九.不同覆膜开孔率条件棉花苗期土壤水盐分布特征及出苗率分析[J].西安理工大学学报,2014,30 (1):96-101,107.Xing Xuguang,Shi Wenjuan,Wang Quanjiu.Analysis on laws of soil water and salt distribution characteristics and cotton emergence rate in seeding stage under different opening ratios[J].Journal of Xi'an University of Technology,2014,30(1):96-101 ,107.(in Chinese)
15 潘颜霞,王新平,苏延桂,等.荒漠人工固沙植被区浅层土壤水分动态的时间稳定性特征[J].中国沙漠,2009,29(1):81-86.Pan Yanxia,Wang Xinping,Su Yangui,et al.Temporal stability of surface soil moisture in artificially revegetated desert area[J].Journal of Desert Research,2009,29(1):81-86.(in Chinese)
16 张继光,苏以荣,陈洪松,等.桂西北喀斯特区域土壤水分动态变化研究[J].水土保持通报,2007,27(5):32-36.Zhang Jiguang,Su Yirong,Chen Hongsong,et al.Dynamic change of soil moisture in Karst region of northwest Guangxi province[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2007,27(5):32-36.(in Chinese)
17 郝振纯,吕美霞,吕美朝,等.坡度作用下土壤水分时空异质性研究[J].水文,2012,32(2):5-10.Hao Zhenchun,LüMeixia,LüMeizhao,et al.Study on temporal and spatial heterogeneity of soil moisture under slope effect[J].Journal of China Hydrology,2012,32(2):5-10.(in Chinese)
18 李宝富,熊黑钢,张建兵,等.干旱区农田灌溉前后土壤水盐时空变异性研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2011,19(3):491-499.Li Baofu,Xiong Heigang,Zhang Jianbing,et al.Spatial and temporal variations in soil water and salt in arid areas before and after irrigation[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2011,19(3):491-499.(in Chinese)
19 郭丽俊,李毅,李敏,等.塿土土壤水力特性空间变异的多重分形分析[J].农业机械学报,2011,42(9):50-58.Guo Lijun,Li Yi,Li Min,et al.Multifractal study on spatial variability of soil hydraulic properties of Lou soil[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2011,42(9):50-58.(in Chinese)
20 王卫华,王全九.基于GPS和GE的土壤水力参数空间变异采样间距确定[J].农业机械学报,2014,45(3):97-100,106.Wang Weihua,Wang Quanjiu.Sample spacing of spatial variability of soil hydraulic parameters in basin scale based on GPS and Google Earth[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2014,45(3):97-100,106.(in Chinese)
21 Sun E,Nieto A,Li Z.GPS and Google Earth based 3D assisted driving system for trucks in surface mines[J].Mining Science and Technology,2010,20(1):138-142.
2 王卫华,王全九,张志鹏.流域尺度土壤导气率空间分布特征与影响因素分析[J].农业机械学报,2014,45(7):118-124.Wang Weihua,Wang Quanjiu,Zhang Zhipeng.Basin scale spatial distribution of soil air permeability and analysis of its impact factors[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2014,45(7):118-124.(in Chinese)
3 聂卫波,费良军,马孝义.区域尺度土壤入渗参数空间变异性规律研究[J].农业机械学报,2011,42(7):102-108.Nie Weibo,Fei Liangjun,Ma Xiaoyi.Spatial variability of infiltration parameters at the region scales[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2011,42(7):102-108.(in Chinese)
4 高会议,郭胜利,刘文兆,等.不同施肥土壤水分特征曲线空间变异[J].农业机械学报,2014,45(6):161-165.Gao Huiyi,Guo Shengli,Liu Wenzhao,et al.Spatial variability of soil water retention curve under fertilization practices in aridhighland of the Loess Plateau[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2014,45(6):161-165.(in Chinese)
5 贾玉华,邵明安.黄土区撂荒地土壤全磷的小尺度空间变异研究[J].土壤通报,2014,45(1):116-122.Jia Yuhua,Shao Ming'an.Micro-scale spatial variability of soil total phosphorus in abandoned farm land on the northern loess plateau[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2014,45(1):116-122.(in Chinese)
6 王勤,刘广军,张凯,等.合肥老城区绿地土壤p H和氮磷的空间变异特征[J].长江流域资源与环境,2014,23(8):1173-1178.Wang Qin,Liu Guangjun,Zhang Kai,et al.Spatial variability of soil p H,nitrogen and phosphorus of urban greenland in central Hefei[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2014,23(8):1173-1178.(in Chinese)
7 刘杨,孙志梅,杨军,等.京东板栗主产区土壤氮磷钾的空间变异[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(4):901-907.Liu Yang,Sun Zhimei,Yang Jun,et al.Spatial variability of soil N,P,and K in main production area of Castanea mollissima[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2010,21(4):901-907.(in Chinese)
8 白一茹,邵明安.黄土高原雨养区坡面土壤蓄水量时间稳定性[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(7):45-50.Bai Yiru,Shao Ming'an.Temporal stability of soil water storage on slope in rain-fed region of Loess Plateau[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2011,27(7):45-50.(in Chinese)
9 Gao L,Shao M A.Temporal stability of shallow soil water content for three adjacent transects on a hillslope[J].Agricultural Water Management,2012,110:41-54.
10 Hu W,Shao M A,Han F P,et al.Watershed scale temporal stability of soil water content[J].Geoderma,2010,158(3-4):181-198.
11 Bezborodov G A,Shadmanov D K,Mirhashimov R T,et al.Mulching and water quality effects on soil salinity and sodicity dynamics and cotton productivity in Central Asia[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,2010,138(1-2):95-102.
12 王卫华,王全九.黑河中游绿洲麦田土壤导气率空间变异尺度性研究[J].农业机械学报,2014,45(4):179-183.Wang Weihua,Wang Quanjiu.Scale-dependency of spatial variability of soil air permeability on typical oasis croplands at middle reaches of Heihe River[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2014,45(4):179-183.(in Chinese)
13 史文娟,马媛,徐飞,等.不同微尺度膜下滴灌棉田土壤水盐空间变异特性[J].水科学进展,2014,25(4):585-593.Shi Wenjuan,Ma Yuan,Xu Fei,et al.Spatial variability of soil moisture and salt content in cotton field on microscales under mulch drip irrigation[J].Advances in Water Science,2014,25(4):585-593.(in Chinese)
14 邢旭光,史文娟,王全九.不同覆膜开孔率条件棉花苗期土壤水盐分布特征及出苗率分析[J].西安理工大学学报,2014,30 (1):96-101,107.Xing Xuguang,Shi Wenjuan,Wang Quanjiu.Analysis on laws of soil water and salt distribution characteristics and cotton emergence rate in seeding stage under different opening ratios[J].Journal of Xi'an University of Technology,2014,30(1):96-101 ,107.(in Chinese)
15 潘颜霞,王新平,苏延桂,等.荒漠人工固沙植被区浅层土壤水分动态的时间稳定性特征[J].中国沙漠,2009,29(1):81-86.Pan Yanxia,Wang Xinping,Su Yangui,et al.Temporal stability of surface soil moisture in artificially revegetated desert area[J].Journal of Desert Research,2009,29(1):81-86.(in Chinese)
16 张继光,苏以荣,陈洪松,等.桂西北喀斯特区域土壤水分动态变化研究[J].水土保持通报,2007,27(5):32-36.Zhang Jiguang,Su Yirong,Chen Hongsong,et al.Dynamic change of soil moisture in Karst region of northwest Guangxi province[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2007,27(5):32-36.(in Chinese)
17 郝振纯,吕美霞,吕美朝,等.坡度作用下土壤水分时空异质性研究[J].水文,2012,32(2):5-10.Hao Zhenchun,LüMeixia,LüMeizhao,et al.Study on temporal and spatial heterogeneity of soil moisture under slope effect[J].Journal of China Hydrology,2012,32(2):5-10.(in Chinese)
18 李宝富,熊黑钢,张建兵,等.干旱区农田灌溉前后土壤水盐时空变异性研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2011,19(3):491-499.Li Baofu,Xiong Heigang,Zhang Jianbing,et al.Spatial and temporal variations in soil water and salt in arid areas before and after irrigation[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2011,19(3):491-499.(in Chinese)
19 郭丽俊,李毅,李敏,等.塿土土壤水力特性空间变异的多重分形分析[J].农业机械学报,2011,42(9):50-58.Guo Lijun,Li Yi,Li Min,et al.Multifractal study on spatial variability of soil hydraulic properties of Lou soil[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2011,42(9):50-58.(in Chinese)
20 王卫华,王全九.基于GPS和GE的土壤水力参数空间变异采样间距确定[J].农业机械学报,2014,45(3):97-100,106.Wang Weihua,Wang Quanjiu.Sample spacing of spatial variability of soil hydraulic parameters in basin scale based on GPS and Google Earth[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2014,45(3):97-100,106.(in Chinese)
21 Sun E,Nieto A,Li Z.GPS and Google Earth based 3D assisted driving system for trucks in surface mines[J].Mining Science and Technology,2010,20(1):138-142.