覆膜与钾肥互作对油葵产量和钾肥利用效率的影响
|
摘要
为了获得半干旱区油葵高产高效的最佳栽培措施,2015-2017年以油用向日葵(陇葵杂3号)为材料,研究3个覆膜栽培条件及4个钾肥水平条件下的油葵产量和钾肥利用效率。3个栽培模式分别为露地、全膜双垄沟播、全膜双垄沟播+补灌。4个钾肥水平分别为0、48、84和120kg/hm2。调查籽粒产量和干物质积累,计算钾肥吸收利用,结果表明:覆膜与钾肥互作显著影响籽粒产量、干物质积累和钾肥利用效率,且两者互作效应显著;栽培方式对上述三者的影响均表现为全膜双垄沟播+补灌>全膜双垄沟播>露地,且差异显著;与露地相比,全膜双垄沟播+补灌和全膜双垄沟播处理油葵籽粒产量、钾肥利用效率分别显著提高了170. 1%和103. 9%、184. 3%和143. 7%。各施钾处理籽粒产量和器官干物质积累量均显著高于不施钾,表现为K120> K84> K48> K0,施钾处理间除K120与K84外,籽粒产量和干物质积累量差异显著。钾肥偏生产力随施钾量的增加而下降,钾肥农学效率和钾肥利用效率则先升高后降低,以84kg/hm2时钾肥农学效率和钾肥利用效率最大。油葵产量与钾肥农学效率和利用效率协同提高。综上认为,在本试验条件下,全膜双垄沟播栽培和施钾量为84kg/hm2,是半干旱区油葵适宜种植模式,且补灌效果明显。
To find the optional cultivation measure for synergistic improvement of yield and potassium use efficiency,oil sunflower field experiments were carried out from 2015 to 2017 under 3 plastic mulching cultivation modes in semi-arid area in Gansu Province.Oil sunflower cultivar Longkuiza 3 was used.The 3 modes included open field(Z1),full plastic-film double-furrow sowing(Z2),and full plastic-film double-furrow sowing with supplemental irrigation(Z3).4 potassium rates were set as 0(K0),48(K48),84(K84) and 120 kg/hm2(K120).Results showed that plastic mulch cultivation and potassium rate had significant effects on yield,dry matter accumulation and potassium use efficiency.The interaction between modes and potassium rates was significant.The effects on grain yield,dry matter accumulation and potassium utilization efficiency were in the order of Z3 > Z2> Z1 with significant differences.Compared to Z1 mode,Z3 modes increased yield and potassium utilization efficiency 170.1% and 103.9% respectively;and Z2 modes increased yield and potassium utilization efficiency 184.3%and 143.7%.Yield and dry matter accumulation were both increased under potassium rates in the order of K120 >K84 > K48 > K0.Significant differences were found between the potassium rates except between K120 and K84.With the increase of potassium rates,potassium partial factor productivity was decreased,while potassium agronomic efficiency and utilization efficiency were improved.The latter two traits reached the peaks under 84 kg/hm2.It indicated that synergistic improvement could be achieved on oil sunflower yield and both potassium agronomic efficiency and utilization efficiency.In summary,in this experimental field condition,the Z3 mode(full plastic-film double-furrow sowing with supplemental irrigation) and 84 kg/hm2 potassium rate were the optimal,and the effect of supplementary irrigation was obvious.
To find the optional cultivation measure for synergistic improvement of yield and potassium use efficiency,oil sunflower field experiments were carried out from 2015 to 2017 under 3 plastic mulching cultivation modes in semi-arid area in Gansu Province.Oil sunflower cultivar Longkuiza 3 was used.The 3 modes included open field(Z1),full plastic-film double-furrow sowing(Z2),and full plastic-film double-furrow sowing with supplemental irrigation(Z3).4 potassium rates were set as 0(K0),48(K48),84(K84) and 120 kg/hm2(K120).Results showed that plastic mulch cultivation and potassium rate had significant effects on yield,dry matter accumulation and potassium use efficiency.The interaction between modes and potassium rates was significant.The effects on grain yield,dry matter accumulation and potassium utilization efficiency were in the order of Z3 > Z2> Z1 with significant differences.Compared to Z1 mode,Z3 modes increased yield and potassium utilization efficiency 170.1% and 103.9% respectively;and Z2 modes increased yield and potassium utilization efficiency 184.3%and 143.7%.Yield and dry matter accumulation were both increased under potassium rates in the order of K120 >K84 > K48 > K0.Significant differences were found between the potassium rates except between K120 and K84.With the increase of potassium rates,potassium partial factor productivity was decreased,while potassium agronomic efficiency and utilization efficiency were improved.The latter two traits reached the peaks under 84 kg/hm2.It indicated that synergistic improvement could be achieved on oil sunflower yield and both potassium agronomic efficiency and utilization efficiency.In summary,in this experimental field condition,the Z3 mode(full plastic-film double-furrow sowing with supplemental irrigation) and 84 kg/hm2 potassium rate were the optimal,and the effect of supplementary irrigation was obvious.
引文
[1]美国国家向日葵协会(NSA).向日葵统计数据[DB].(2017-05-01)http://www. sunflowernsa. com/stats/world-supply.
[2]中国种植业信息网.农作物数据库[EB/OL]. http://zzys. agm. gov. cn/nongqing. aspx.(2016-12-20).
[3]国家统计局.中国统计年鉴2010-2014[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2014.
[4]马丽荣,王恒炜,刘润萍,等.甘肃油料作物生产现状及发展建议[J].甘肃农业科技,2013(12):11-15.
[5]李庆文,魏亚范,尤宝庆.向日葵吸肥特征及其对肥料效应的研究[J].土壤通报,1984,15(2):76-77.
[6]李书田,何萍,妥德宝,等.西北地区向日葵4R养分管理[J].高效施肥,2015,34(1):17-21.
[7]李晓慧,何文寿,白海波,等.宁夏向日葵不同生育期吸收氮、磷、钾养分的特点[J].西北农业学报,2009,18(5):167-175.
[8]妥德宝,安昊,张君,等.国内外向日葵施肥栽培技术发展现状与发展趋势[J].内蒙古农业科技,2010,38(6):1-2.
[9]谭德水,金继运,黄绍文.长期施钾与秸秆还田对西北地区不同种植制度下作物产量及土壤钾素的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2008,14(5):886-893.
[10]谷洁,高华.黄土高原向日葵产量的土壤养分限制因子与施肥指标研究[J].中国油料作物学报,1998,20(4):84-87,101.
[11]段玉,妥德宝,张君,等.氮磷钾平衡施用对油用向日葵产量及肥料效率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(3):767-771.
[12]刘广才,杨祁峰,段禳全,等.甘肃发展旱地全膜双垄沟播技术的主要模式[J].农业现代化研究,2008,29(5):629-632.
[13]王红丽,张绪成,宋尚有.半干旱区旱地不同覆盖种植方式玉米田的土壤水分和产量效应[J].植物生态学报,2011,35(8):825-833.
[14]郭宇,李仙岳,丁宗江,等.不同施氮方式对向日葵氮肥利用效率的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2018,37(7):20-27.
[15]白苇,尹海峰,王宽,等.氮磷钾肥对食葵产量及养分吸收利用的影响[J].河北农业科学,2017,21(3):54-58.
[16]权丽双,王振华,郑旭荣,等.水氮耦合对滴灌复播油葵生长及产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(1):61-65.
[17]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2005:245-271.
[18] Jin L B,Cui H Y,Li B,et al. Effects of integrated agronomic management practices on yield and nitrogen efficiency of summer maize in North China[J]. Field Crop Res,2012,134:30-35.
[19]吕雯,孙兆军,陈小莉,等.地膜秸秆复合覆盖改善龟裂碱土水盐特性提高油葵产量[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(13):125-133.
[20]贾有余,张雄,高宇,等.覆膜方式对旱作农田土壤水热状况及向日葵产量的影响[J].作物杂志,2017(6):72-78.
[21]张永宏,田生昌,杨建国,等.灌溉方式对土壤水盐运移及油葵产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(18):71-75.
[22]王蓉,何文寿,马玉波,等.氮素用量对油葵氮磷钾养分吸收积累及产量的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2014,36(4):494-501.
[23]陈晨,李友宏,王芳,等.增施钾肥对油葵产量的影响[J].北方园艺,2010(11):53-54.
[24]段玉,张君,安昊,等.基施钾肥有效提高内蒙古河套灌区向日葵产量和油分品质[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2018,24(5):1349-1356.
[25]张君,段玉,赵维国,等. N、P、K肥对向日葵干物质积累及产量的影响[J].内蒙古农业科技,2013,41(6):61-63.
[26]张君,张润生,段玉,等.油用向日葵钾素吸收、分配和积累规律研究[J].华北农学报,2010,25(5):202-205.
[27]闫湘,金继运,何萍,等.提高肥料利用率技术研究进展[J].中国农业科学,2008,41(2):450-459.
[2]中国种植业信息网.农作物数据库[EB/OL]. http://zzys. agm. gov. cn/nongqing. aspx.(2016-12-20).
[3]国家统计局.中国统计年鉴2010-2014[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2014.
[4]马丽荣,王恒炜,刘润萍,等.甘肃油料作物生产现状及发展建议[J].甘肃农业科技,2013(12):11-15.
[5]李庆文,魏亚范,尤宝庆.向日葵吸肥特征及其对肥料效应的研究[J].土壤通报,1984,15(2):76-77.
[6]李书田,何萍,妥德宝,等.西北地区向日葵4R养分管理[J].高效施肥,2015,34(1):17-21.
[7]李晓慧,何文寿,白海波,等.宁夏向日葵不同生育期吸收氮、磷、钾养分的特点[J].西北农业学报,2009,18(5):167-175.
[8]妥德宝,安昊,张君,等.国内外向日葵施肥栽培技术发展现状与发展趋势[J].内蒙古农业科技,2010,38(6):1-2.
[9]谭德水,金继运,黄绍文.长期施钾与秸秆还田对西北地区不同种植制度下作物产量及土壤钾素的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2008,14(5):886-893.
[10]谷洁,高华.黄土高原向日葵产量的土壤养分限制因子与施肥指标研究[J].中国油料作物学报,1998,20(4):84-87,101.
[11]段玉,妥德宝,张君,等.氮磷钾平衡施用对油用向日葵产量及肥料效率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(3):767-771.
[12]刘广才,杨祁峰,段禳全,等.甘肃发展旱地全膜双垄沟播技术的主要模式[J].农业现代化研究,2008,29(5):629-632.
[13]王红丽,张绪成,宋尚有.半干旱区旱地不同覆盖种植方式玉米田的土壤水分和产量效应[J].植物生态学报,2011,35(8):825-833.
[14]郭宇,李仙岳,丁宗江,等.不同施氮方式对向日葵氮肥利用效率的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2018,37(7):20-27.
[15]白苇,尹海峰,王宽,等.氮磷钾肥对食葵产量及养分吸收利用的影响[J].河北农业科学,2017,21(3):54-58.
[16]权丽双,王振华,郑旭荣,等.水氮耦合对滴灌复播油葵生长及产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(1):61-65.
[17]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2005:245-271.
[18] Jin L B,Cui H Y,Li B,et al. Effects of integrated agronomic management practices on yield and nitrogen efficiency of summer maize in North China[J]. Field Crop Res,2012,134:30-35.
[19]吕雯,孙兆军,陈小莉,等.地膜秸秆复合覆盖改善龟裂碱土水盐特性提高油葵产量[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(13):125-133.
[20]贾有余,张雄,高宇,等.覆膜方式对旱作农田土壤水热状况及向日葵产量的影响[J].作物杂志,2017(6):72-78.
[21]张永宏,田生昌,杨建国,等.灌溉方式对土壤水盐运移及油葵产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(18):71-75.
[22]王蓉,何文寿,马玉波,等.氮素用量对油葵氮磷钾养分吸收积累及产量的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2014,36(4):494-501.
[23]陈晨,李友宏,王芳,等.增施钾肥对油葵产量的影响[J].北方园艺,2010(11):53-54.
[24]段玉,张君,安昊,等.基施钾肥有效提高内蒙古河套灌区向日葵产量和油分品质[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2018,24(5):1349-1356.
[25]张君,段玉,赵维国,等. N、P、K肥对向日葵干物质积累及产量的影响[J].内蒙古农业科技,2013,41(6):61-63.
[26]张君,张润生,段玉,等.油用向日葵钾素吸收、分配和积累规律研究[J].华北农学报,2010,25(5):202-205.
[27]闫湘,金继运,何萍,等.提高肥料利用率技术研究进展[J].中国农业科学,2008,41(2):450-459.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |