OVT域地震数据规则化技术及应用
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摘要
宽方位矢量偏移距(OVT)地震处理方法对于复杂地质体的成像照明有良好的效果,但OVT域数据很难实现理想的规则采集,因此其关键处理技术之一就是规则化技术。通过分析OVT域的数据排列特征,提出了一种基于非规则傅里叶变换的最小平方反演数据重建技术及实施流程,引入迭代非规则傅里叶变换加权范数正则化约束,使得重建结果在有限频宽内保持数据信号不受损失,同时在能量谱约束下,利用由低频信号估计的加权函数压制高频信号的假频问题。经过模型资料抽稀后插值的数据与原始数据残差对比验证了反演精度和可行性;将该技术应用于实际资料的联片处理,结果表明该技术可消除非规则采集对OVT域处理的影响,在保护微幅构造和断层成像方面有良好的效果,证实了方法的有效性和实用性。
The wide-azimuth OVT seismic processing method is a highly effective technique in imaging a complex geological target.The OVT domain data is difficult to obtain through an ideal regular seismic acquisition;therefore,regularization technology is one of the key technologies for OVT seismic data processing.By analyzing the data arrangement characteristics of the OVT domain,a least squares inversion reconstruction methodology and workflow are proposed.This methodology adopts an iterative Fourier transform weighted norm regularization constraint to keep the reconstructed data within a limited bandwidth without losing the data signal.Further,on the basis of energy spectrum constraints,the weighting function estimated from low frequency signals can effectively suppress the aliasing from high frequency signals.Testing on model data verified the accuracy and feasibility of the method.Testing on field data showed that this method can eliminate the effect of irregular acquisition on OVT domain processing,and this method is highly effective in imaging sub-surface faults and small-scale structures.
The wide-azimuth OVT seismic processing method is a highly effective technique in imaging a complex geological target.The OVT domain data is difficult to obtain through an ideal regular seismic acquisition;therefore,regularization technology is one of the key technologies for OVT seismic data processing.By analyzing the data arrangement characteristics of the OVT domain,a least squares inversion reconstruction methodology and workflow are proposed.This methodology adopts an iterative Fourier transform weighted norm regularization constraint to keep the reconstructed data within a limited bandwidth without losing the data signal.Further,on the basis of energy spectrum constraints,the weighting function estimated from low frequency signals can effectively suppress the aliasing from high frequency signals.Testing on model data verified the accuracy and feasibility of the method.Testing on field data showed that this method can eliminate the effect of irregular acquisition on OVT domain processing,and this method is highly effective in imaging sub-surface faults and small-scale structures.
引文
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[2] WILLIAMS M,JENNER E.How important is effect of azimuth anisotropy in 3-D seismic data?Enhancing data quality and extending the potential of the 3-D interpretation[J].Expanded Abstracts of 71st Annual Internat SEG Mtg,2001:126-128
[3]袁刚,王西文,雍运动,等.宽方位数据的炮检距向量片域处理及偏移道集校平方法[J].石油物探,2016,55(1):84-90YUAN G,WANG X W,YONG Y D,et al.Wide-azimuth data migration in OVT domain and OVG flattening[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2016,55(1):84-90
[4]段文胜,王鹏,党青宁,等.应用匹配追踪傅里叶插值技术实现OVT域连片处理[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(4):669-677DUAN W S,WANG P,DANG Q N,et al.5Ddata regularization based on matching pursuit Fourier interpolation for the OVT domain data merging processing[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2017,52(4):669-677
[5] VERMEER G J O.Creating image gathers in the absence of proper common-offset gather[J].Exploration Geophysics,1998,29(4):636-642
[6] CARY P W.Common-offset-vector gather:an alternative to cross-spreads for wide-azimuth 3-D surveys[J].Expanded Abstracts of 69t h Annual Internat SEG Mtg,1999:1496-1499
[7] VERMEER G J O.3DSeismic survey design[M].New York:SEG,2002:1-205
[8] VERMEER G J O.Seismic wavefield sampling[M].New York:SEG,1990:1-120
[9] CARY P W,LI X X.A regularized approach to 3Dprestack time migration[J].CSEG National Convention,2005:141-144
[10] CARY P W,LI X X.Some basic imaging problems with regularly-sampled seismic data[J].Expanded Abstracts of 71st Annual Internat SEG Mtg,2001:1-5
[11]段文胜,裴家定,李飞,等.OVT域内插炮检线压制采集脚印[J].石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(1):40-48DUAN W S,PEI J D,LI F,et al.Acquisition footprints supersession with source and receiver line interpolation in the OVT domain[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2016,51(1):40-48
[12] CURRY W.Interpolation of irregularly-sampled data with non-stationary,multi-scale prediction-error filters[J].Expanded Abstracts of 73rd Annual Internat SEG Mtg,2003:1913-1916
[13]张红梅,刘洪.基于稀疏离散τ-p变换的叠后地震道内插[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(3):281-285ZHANG H M,LIU H.Based on sparse discreteτ-p transform interpolation of post-stack seismic data[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2006,41(3):281-285
[14] GULUNAY N.Seismic trace interpolation in the Fourier transform domain[J].Geophysics,2003,68(1):355-369
[15]崔永福,郭念民,吴国忱,等.不规则观测系统数据规则化及在相干噪声压制中的应用[J].石油物探,2016,55(4):524-532CUI Y F,GUO N M,WU G C,et al.Regularization of irregular geometry seismic data and its application in the coherent noise suppression[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2016,55(4):524-532
[16]陈小春,陈辉,喻勤,等.反假频POCS数据规则化及其在偏移成像中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(1):13-19CHEN X C,CHEN H,YU Q,et al.Seismic data interpolation with anti-aliasing POCS method and its application in seismic migration imaging[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2017,52(1):13-19