硅对不同pH水田土壤吸附-解吸镉的影响
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摘要
为探讨硅对土壤镉吸附解吸特征的影响,在中和硅酸钠碱性和消除钠离子影响的基础上,进行了不同硅浓度下土壤对镉的等温吸附-解吸试验。结果表明:在试验条件下,Freundlich模型可更好地描述不同硅浓度下2种土壤对镉的吸附-解吸特征;随着加硅量的增加,碱性土壤吸附镉的数量逐渐降低,酸性土壤吸附镉的数量逐渐增加。加硅使碱性土壤方程的k值变小、n值变大,降低了镉的吸附容量却增大了吸附强度;酸性土壤方程的k值变大、n值变小,增加了镉的吸附容量却降低了吸附强度。2种土壤镉的解吸量均随着加硅量的增加而降低,加硅使滞后系数(Δk+Δn)增大,加剧了吸附-解吸过程中的滞后效应。
Adsorption-desorption isotherm experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of silicon on adsorption-desorption characteristics of cadmium on paddy soil with different pH.HNO_3 was used to neutralize the alkalinity of Na_2SiO_3. NaNO_3 was added to keep constant electrolyte concentrations in all the treatments. The effects of silicon addition on soil pH and the influence caused by the attendant ion were eliminated. The results showed that the Freundlich model was optimal to simulate the adsorption-desorption process among the three isothermal absorption-desorption models(Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin). Compare with the control treatment, the alkaline soil showed higher adsorption constant(k value increases and n value decreases), while the acid soil showed lower adsorption constant(k value decreases and n value increases)with increasing silicon addition. Furthermore, the desorption amount and rate of silicon decreased with increasing silicon addition in two soils, and the hysteresis was enhanced. When adding the same amount silicon, the effects of adsorption-desorption of cadmium on the two soils were different: the adsorption and desorption capacity of cadmium in alkaline soil was decreased, and the adsorption capacity of cadmium in acid soil increased and desorption capacity decreased. Both of the two soils demonstrated that the desorption amount was decreased with increasing silicon addition, while the increasing lag coefficients stimulated hysteresis effects of adsorption-desorption.
Adsorption-desorption isotherm experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of silicon on adsorption-desorption characteristics of cadmium on paddy soil with different pH.HNO_3 was used to neutralize the alkalinity of Na_2SiO_3. NaNO_3 was added to keep constant electrolyte concentrations in all the treatments. The effects of silicon addition on soil pH and the influence caused by the attendant ion were eliminated. The results showed that the Freundlich model was optimal to simulate the adsorption-desorption process among the three isothermal absorption-desorption models(Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin). Compare with the control treatment, the alkaline soil showed higher adsorption constant(k value increases and n value decreases), while the acid soil showed lower adsorption constant(k value decreases and n value increases)with increasing silicon addition. Furthermore, the desorption amount and rate of silicon decreased with increasing silicon addition in two soils, and the hysteresis was enhanced. When adding the same amount silicon, the effects of adsorption-desorption of cadmium on the two soils were different: the adsorption and desorption capacity of cadmium in alkaline soil was decreased, and the adsorption capacity of cadmium in acid soil increased and desorption capacity decreased. Both of the two soils demonstrated that the desorption amount was decreased with increasing silicon addition, while the increasing lag coefficients stimulated hysteresis effects of adsorption-desorption.
引文
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[18]陈晓婷,王果,梁志超,等.钙镁磷肥和硅肥对Cd、Pb、Zn污染土壤上小白菜生长和元素吸收的影响[J].福建农林大学学报(自然科学版),2002,31(1):109-112.CHEN Xiao-ting,WANG Guo,LIANG Zhi-chao,et al.Effect of calcium magnesium phosphate and silicon fertilizer on the growth and element uptake of pakchoi in cadmium,lead and zinc contaminated soil[J].Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(Natural Science),2002,31(1):109-112.
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[20]Liang Y C,Wong J W C,Wei L.Silicon-mediated enhancement of cadmium tolerance in maize(Zea mays L.)grown in cadmium contaminated soil[J].Chemosphere,2005,58(4):475-483.
[21]Zhao X L,Saigusa M.Amelioration of cadmium polluted paddy soils by porous hydrated calcium silicate[J].Water,Air&Soil Pollution,2007,183(1/2/3/4):309-315.
[22]Rizwan M,Meunier J D,Miche H,et al.Effect of silicon on reducing cadmium toxicity in durum wheat(Triticum turgidum L.cv.Claudio W.)grown in a soil with aged contamination[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2012(209/210):326-334.
[23]周卫,汪洪,李春花,等.添加碳酸钙对土壤中镉形态转化与玉米叶片镉组分的影响[J].土壤学报,2001,38(2):219-225.ZHOU Wei,WANG Hong,LI Chun-hua,et al.Effect of calcium carbonate addition on transformation of cadmium species in soil and cadmium in leaves of maize[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2001,38(2):219-225.
[24]劳家柽.土壤农化分析手册[M].北京:农业出版社,1988.LAO Jia-cheng.Soil agricultural chemistry analysis[M].Beijing:Agriculture Press,1988.
[25]刘雷,杨帆,刘足根,等.微波消解ICP-AES法测定土壤及植物中的重金属[J].环境化学,2008,27(4):511-514.LIU Lei,YANG Fan,LIU Zu-gen,et al.Determination of heavy metal in soils and plants with microwave digestion and ICP-AES[J].Environment Chemistry,2008,27(4):511-514.
[26]朱端卫,皮美美,刘武定.硼在土壤中的吸附-解吸及其对植物吸收硼的影响[J].土壤学报,1998,35(1):70-75.ZHU Duan-wei,PI Mei-mei,LIU Wu-ding.Adsorption-desorption of boron in soils its effect on boron uptake of plant[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,1998,35(1):70-75.
[27]赵昕欣,李军,刘洋,等.钢渣对辽宁地区水稻土壤镉素吸收的影响[J].中国农学通报,2006,22(7):507-511.ZHAO Xin-xin,LI Jun,LIU Yang,et al.The effect of slag mucks on paddy soil absorbed in Liaoning area[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2006,22(7):507-511.
[28]李瑞延,王金晞,郭腊梅,等.Cu2+与硅酸、硅胶表面硅羟基的反应及其平衡常数[J].无机化学学报,1996,12(1):50-54.LI Rui-yan,WANG Jin-xi,GUO La-mei,et al.Reaction of Cu2+with silicic acid and surface silanol groups and their equilibrium constants[J].Journal of Inorganic Chemistry,1996,12(1):50-54.
[29]Takahashi E,Hino K.Silica uptake by rice plant with special reference to the forms of dissolved silica[J].Journal of the Science of Soil and Manure Japan,1978,49:357-360.
[30]袁可能.土壤化学[M].北京:农业出版社,1990.YUAN Ke-neng.Soil chemistry[M].Beijing:Agriculture Press,1990.
[31]顾明华,黎晓峰.硅对减轻水稻的铝胁迫效应及其机理研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2002,8(3):360-366.GU Ming-hua,LI Xiao-feng.Effect of silicon on alleviation of aluminum toxicity and corresponded mechanisms in rice[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2002,8(3):360-366.
[32]卢晨,季敦生,朱纯熙,等.水玻璃的基本组成及定量测定[J].上海交通大学学报,1997,31(9):86-89.LU Chen,JI Dun-sheng,ZHU Chun-xi,et al.Determination and research on constituents of water glass[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University,1997,31(9):86-89.
[33]Roe A L,Hayes K F,Chisholm-Brause C.In-situ X-ray absorption study of lead ion surface complexes at the goethite water interface[J].Langmuir,1991,7(2):367-373.
[34]Rouff A A,Elzinga E J,Reeder R J,et al.X-ray absorption spectroscopic evidence for the formation of Pb(Ⅱ)inner-sphere adsorption complexes and precipitates at the calcite-water interface[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2004,38(6):1700-1707.
[35]高明,魏朝富,陈世正,等.紫色水稻土对硅酸盐的吸附与解吸特性研究[J].土壤通报,1998,29(4):179-181.GAO Ming,WEI Chao-fu,CHEN Shi-zheng,et al.Characteristics of silicate adsorption and desorption in purple paddy soil[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,1998,29(4):179-181.
[36]戴安邦,江龙.硅酸及其盐的研究Ⅰ.硅酸聚合的速度和机制[J].化学学报,1957,2:90-98.DAI An-bang,JIANG Long.Studies on silicic acid and its salts:Ⅰ.Rate of gelation and mechanism of polymerization of silicic acid[J].Acta Chimica Sinica,1957,2:90-98.
[2]Cheng W W L,Gobas F A P C.Assessment of human health risk of consumption of cadmium contaminated oysters[J].Human and Ecological Risk Assessment,2007,13(2):370-382.
[3]秦淑琴,黄庆辉.硅对水稻吸收镉的影响[J].新疆环境保护,1997,19(3):51-52.QIN Shu-qin,HUANG Qing-hui.Effect of silicon on cadmium uptakes by rice[J].Environmental Protection of Xinjiang,1997,19(3):51-52.
[4]陈秀芳,赵秀兰,夏章菊,等.硅缓解小麦镉毒害的效应研究[J].西南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2005,27(4):447-450.CHEN Xiu-fang,ZHAO Xiu-lan,XIA Zhang-ju,et al.Alleviation of cadmium toxicity of wheat plants by silicon[J].Journal of Southwest Agricultural University(Natural Science),2005,27(4):447-450.
[5]杨超光,豆虎,梁永超,等.硅对土壤外源镉活性和玉米吸收镉的影响[J].中国农业科学,2005,38(1):116-121.YANG Chao-guang,DOU Hu,LIANG Yong-chao,et al.Influence of silicon on cadmium availability and cadmium uptake by maize in cadmium-contaminated soil[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinia,2005,38(1):116-121.
[6]Shi X H,Zhang C C,Wang H,et al.Effect of Si on the distribution of Cd in rice seedlings[J].Plant and Soil,2005,272(1/2):53-60.
[7]Zhang C C,Wang L J,Nie Q,et al.Long-term effects of exogenous silicon on cadmium translocation and toxicity in rice(Oryza sativa L.)[J].Environmental and Experimental Botany,2008,62(3):300-307.
[8]Ye J,Yan C L,Liu J C,et al.Effects of silicon on the distribution of cadmium compartmentation in root tips of Kandelia obovata(S.,L.)Yong[J].Environmental Pollution,2011,162:369-373.
[9]da Cunha K P V,do Nascimento C W A,da Silva A J.Silicon alleviates the toxicity of cadmium and zinc for maize(Zea mays L.)grown on contaminated soil[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science,2008,171(6):849-853.
[10]Chika C N,Alfredo J H.Effects of silicon nutrition on cadmium uptake,growth and photosynthesis of rice plants exposed to low-level cadmium[J].Plant and Soil,2008a,311(1/2):73-86.
[11]Chika C N,Alfredo J H.Silicon-induced cadmium resistance in rice(Oryza sativa L.)[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science,2008,171(6):841-848.
[12]Feng J P,Shi Q H,Wang X F,et al.Silicon supplementation ameliorated the inhibition of photosynthesis and nitrate metabolism by cadmium(Cd)toxicity in Cucumis sativus L.[J].Scientia Horticulture,2009,123(4):521-530.
[13]刘鸣达,王丽丽,李艳利.镉胁迫下硅对水稻生物量及生理特性的影响[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(13):187-190.LIU Ming-da,WANG Li-li,LI Yan-li.Effect of Si on biomass and physiological characteristics of rice under Cd stress[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2010,26(13):187-190.
[14]王耀晶,付田霞,苏瑛,等.镉胁迫下硅对草莓生长及生理特性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(12):2335-2339.WANG Yao-jing,FU Tian-xia,SU Ying,et al.Effect of silicon on growth and physiological characteristics of strawberry(Fragaria ananassa Duch.)under cadmium stress[J].Journal of Agro-Enviroment Science,2012,31(12):2335-2339.
[15]蔡德龙,陈常友,小林均.硅肥对水稻镉吸收影响初探[J].地域研究与开发,2000,19(4):69-71.CAI De-long,CHEN Chang-you,XIAO Lin-jun.The influence of the silicon fertilizer on the Cd adsorption by paddy[J].Areal Research and Development,2000,19(4):69-71.
[16]Neumann D,Zur Nieden U.Silicon and heavy metal tolerance of higher plants[J].Phytochemistry,2001,56(7):685-692.
[17]Li P,Wang X X,Zhang T L,et al.Distribution and accumulation of copper and cadmium in soil-rice system as affected by soil amendments[J].Water,Air&Soil Pollution,2009,196(1/2/3/4):29-40.
[18]陈晓婷,王果,梁志超,等.钙镁磷肥和硅肥对Cd、Pb、Zn污染土壤上小白菜生长和元素吸收的影响[J].福建农林大学学报(自然科学版),2002,31(1):109-112.CHEN Xiao-ting,WANG Guo,LIANG Zhi-chao,et al.Effect of calcium magnesium phosphate and silicon fertilizer on the growth and element uptake of pakchoi in cadmium,lead and zinc contaminated soil[J].Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(Natural Science),2002,31(1):109-112.
[19]陈怀满.土壤植物系统的重金属污染[M].北京:科学出版社,1996:115-125.CHEN Huai-man.Heavy metal pollution in soil-plant system[M].Beijing:Science Press,1996:115-125.
[20]Liang Y C,Wong J W C,Wei L.Silicon-mediated enhancement of cadmium tolerance in maize(Zea mays L.)grown in cadmium contaminated soil[J].Chemosphere,2005,58(4):475-483.
[21]Zhao X L,Saigusa M.Amelioration of cadmium polluted paddy soils by porous hydrated calcium silicate[J].Water,Air&Soil Pollution,2007,183(1/2/3/4):309-315.
[22]Rizwan M,Meunier J D,Miche H,et al.Effect of silicon on reducing cadmium toxicity in durum wheat(Triticum turgidum L.cv.Claudio W.)grown in a soil with aged contamination[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2012(209/210):326-334.
[23]周卫,汪洪,李春花,等.添加碳酸钙对土壤中镉形态转化与玉米叶片镉组分的影响[J].土壤学报,2001,38(2):219-225.ZHOU Wei,WANG Hong,LI Chun-hua,et al.Effect of calcium carbonate addition on transformation of cadmium species in soil and cadmium in leaves of maize[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2001,38(2):219-225.
[24]劳家柽.土壤农化分析手册[M].北京:农业出版社,1988.LAO Jia-cheng.Soil agricultural chemistry analysis[M].Beijing:Agriculture Press,1988.
[25]刘雷,杨帆,刘足根,等.微波消解ICP-AES法测定土壤及植物中的重金属[J].环境化学,2008,27(4):511-514.LIU Lei,YANG Fan,LIU Zu-gen,et al.Determination of heavy metal in soils and plants with microwave digestion and ICP-AES[J].Environment Chemistry,2008,27(4):511-514.
[26]朱端卫,皮美美,刘武定.硼在土壤中的吸附-解吸及其对植物吸收硼的影响[J].土壤学报,1998,35(1):70-75.ZHU Duan-wei,PI Mei-mei,LIU Wu-ding.Adsorption-desorption of boron in soils its effect on boron uptake of plant[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,1998,35(1):70-75.
[27]赵昕欣,李军,刘洋,等.钢渣对辽宁地区水稻土壤镉素吸收的影响[J].中国农学通报,2006,22(7):507-511.ZHAO Xin-xin,LI Jun,LIU Yang,et al.The effect of slag mucks on paddy soil absorbed in Liaoning area[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2006,22(7):507-511.
[28]李瑞延,王金晞,郭腊梅,等.Cu2+与硅酸、硅胶表面硅羟基的反应及其平衡常数[J].无机化学学报,1996,12(1):50-54.LI Rui-yan,WANG Jin-xi,GUO La-mei,et al.Reaction of Cu2+with silicic acid and surface silanol groups and their equilibrium constants[J].Journal of Inorganic Chemistry,1996,12(1):50-54.
[29]Takahashi E,Hino K.Silica uptake by rice plant with special reference to the forms of dissolved silica[J].Journal of the Science of Soil and Manure Japan,1978,49:357-360.
[30]袁可能.土壤化学[M].北京:农业出版社,1990.YUAN Ke-neng.Soil chemistry[M].Beijing:Agriculture Press,1990.
[31]顾明华,黎晓峰.硅对减轻水稻的铝胁迫效应及其机理研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2002,8(3):360-366.GU Ming-hua,LI Xiao-feng.Effect of silicon on alleviation of aluminum toxicity and corresponded mechanisms in rice[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2002,8(3):360-366.
[32]卢晨,季敦生,朱纯熙,等.水玻璃的基本组成及定量测定[J].上海交通大学学报,1997,31(9):86-89.LU Chen,JI Dun-sheng,ZHU Chun-xi,et al.Determination and research on constituents of water glass[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University,1997,31(9):86-89.
[33]Roe A L,Hayes K F,Chisholm-Brause C.In-situ X-ray absorption study of lead ion surface complexes at the goethite water interface[J].Langmuir,1991,7(2):367-373.
[34]Rouff A A,Elzinga E J,Reeder R J,et al.X-ray absorption spectroscopic evidence for the formation of Pb(Ⅱ)inner-sphere adsorption complexes and precipitates at the calcite-water interface[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2004,38(6):1700-1707.
[35]高明,魏朝富,陈世正,等.紫色水稻土对硅酸盐的吸附与解吸特性研究[J].土壤通报,1998,29(4):179-181.GAO Ming,WEI Chao-fu,CHEN Shi-zheng,et al.Characteristics of silicate adsorption and desorption in purple paddy soil[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,1998,29(4):179-181.
[36]戴安邦,江龙.硅酸及其盐的研究Ⅰ.硅酸聚合的速度和机制[J].化学学报,1957,2:90-98.DAI An-bang,JIANG Long.Studies on silicic acid and its salts:Ⅰ.Rate of gelation and mechanism of polymerization of silicic acid[J].Acta Chimica Sinica,1957,2:90-98.
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