地震资料在奥里诺科重油带M油田水平井设计中的应用
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摘要
在储层横向变化较大的区域,应用地震资料进行储层预测,能够有效地综合运用地质、测井和地震信息对地下储层进行研究,在充分发挥地震资料横向分辨率优势的同时,还可以提高纵向分辨能力,可以达到利用地震资料研究成果来指导水平井钻井,进而有效提高水平井油砂岩钻遇率目的.委内瑞拉M油田位于东委内瑞拉盆地奥里诺科重油带东部CARABOBO区块内,目前正在开发的主力油藏为M油藏,此油藏为多期叠加的辫状河三角洲沉积,油藏类型为超重油疏松未固结砂岩岩性油藏.目前剩余的井位大都处于储层横向岩相变化大、纵向储层厚度变化大的位置,尤其是油田南部区域,部分层位甚至还出现了尖灭的情况.该油田采用整体水平井开采,大部分井缺乏声波测井资料,并且利用已有声波测井资料得到的波阻抗无法有效区分砂泥岩;M油藏目的层段由于地震资料反射弱、反射轴连续性差,无井点控制处地震层位解释难度大;受软件等条件限制,水平井无法参与反演等等都是油田储层预测急待解决的课题.本文利用油田已有声波测井资料的井,创新性地采用声波重构技术对无声波数据井进行了拟声波重构,同时在地震解释过程中兼顾了上下标志层的沉积层趋势,采用趋势约束法对地震资料重新进行构造解释,减少了解释的随意性,使解释成果更可靠;在此基础上,利用直井和水平井联合反演技术对地震数据体进行了反演.与以往不同的是,在本次反演过程中,综合利用了直井、斜井、水平井信息,充分考虑了开发井全部为水平井的优势,使反演效果得到了改善.利用以上构造解释、反演结果并结合地震振幅属性在横向上的变化来指导和跟踪钻井,使地震资料分析成果在水平井设计中发挥了主导作用,通过这些综合创新优化技术在水平井钻井设计中的应用,经实践检验,运用效果好,有效提高了平均砂岩钻遇率.
Reservoir prediction using seismic data in areas with large lateral variation of reservoirs can effectively study underground reservoirs by using geological, logging and seismic information comprehensively. It can give full play to the advantages of lateral resolution of seismic data while improving the vertical resolution, and can make use of seismic data for research. The results can guide horizontal well drilling and effectively improve the drilling rate of oil sandstone in horizontal wells. Venezuela M oilfield is located in the CARABOBO block in the eastern Orinoco heavy oil belt of the East Venezuela Basin. The main reservoir being developed is M reservoir, which is a braided river delta deposit superimposed in many stages. The reservoir type is unconsolidated sandstone lithologic reservoir with extra heavy oil. At present, most of the remaining wells are located in the reservoir with lateral lithofacies changing, vertical reservoir thickness changing, especially in the southern region of the oilfield, some of the horizons even appeared pinch-out. Most wells in this oilfield are lack of acoustic logging data, and the impedance obtained from existing acoustic logging data can not distinguish sandstone and mudstone effectively. M reservoir target interval is difficult to give a seismic horizon interpretation without well point controlling because of weak seismic reflection and poor continuity of reflection axis, and horizontal well can not be used to give a seismic inversion due to software constraints. All the above problems are urgent to be solved in reservoir prediction. In this paper, the pseudo-acoustic reconstruction technique is innovatively used to reconstruct the mute data well by using the existing acoustic logging data in the oilfield. The trend of the upper and lower mark strata is taken into account in the seismic horizon interpretation procession. The trend constraint method is used to reconstruct the seismic horizon so as to reduce the arbitrary interpretation. On this basis, the seismic data volume is inverted by using the joint inversion technique of vertical well and horizontal well. In this inversion procession, the vertical well, inclined well and horizontal well information are comprehensively utilized, and the advantage that all development wells are horizontal wells is fully considered, so that the inversion effect has been improved. Using the above structural interpretation and inversion results and the lateral variation of seismic amplitude attributes to guide and track drilling, the seismic analysis results play a leading role in horizontal well design. The application of these comprehensive innovative optimization techniques in horizontal well drilling design has been proved to be effective by practice. The average drilling rate of sandstone is increased.
Reservoir prediction using seismic data in areas with large lateral variation of reservoirs can effectively study underground reservoirs by using geological, logging and seismic information comprehensively. It can give full play to the advantages of lateral resolution of seismic data while improving the vertical resolution, and can make use of seismic data for research. The results can guide horizontal well drilling and effectively improve the drilling rate of oil sandstone in horizontal wells. Venezuela M oilfield is located in the CARABOBO block in the eastern Orinoco heavy oil belt of the East Venezuela Basin. The main reservoir being developed is M reservoir, which is a braided river delta deposit superimposed in many stages. The reservoir type is unconsolidated sandstone lithologic reservoir with extra heavy oil. At present, most of the remaining wells are located in the reservoir with lateral lithofacies changing, vertical reservoir thickness changing, especially in the southern region of the oilfield, some of the horizons even appeared pinch-out. Most wells in this oilfield are lack of acoustic logging data, and the impedance obtained from existing acoustic logging data can not distinguish sandstone and mudstone effectively. M reservoir target interval is difficult to give a seismic horizon interpretation without well point controlling because of weak seismic reflection and poor continuity of reflection axis, and horizontal well can not be used to give a seismic inversion due to software constraints. All the above problems are urgent to be solved in reservoir prediction. In this paper, the pseudo-acoustic reconstruction technique is innovatively used to reconstruct the mute data well by using the existing acoustic logging data in the oilfield. The trend of the upper and lower mark strata is taken into account in the seismic horizon interpretation procession. The trend constraint method is used to reconstruct the seismic horizon so as to reduce the arbitrary interpretation. On this basis, the seismic data volume is inverted by using the joint inversion technique of vertical well and horizontal well. In this inversion procession, the vertical well, inclined well and horizontal well information are comprehensively utilized, and the advantage that all development wells are horizontal wells is fully considered, so that the inversion effect has been improved. Using the above structural interpretation and inversion results and the lateral variation of seismic amplitude attributes to guide and track drilling, the seismic analysis results play a leading role in horizontal well design. The application of these comprehensive innovative optimization techniques in horizontal well drilling design has been proved to be effective by practice. The average drilling rate of sandstone is increased.
引文
Cao T, Guo S B. 2013. The application of refined seismic structure interpretation in reservoir development [J]. Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese), 28(4): 1893-1899, doi: 10.6038/pg20130431.
Casalins A, Castillo J, Pérez S. 2014. Application of Geochemistry in lithostratigraphic sections and 3 D seismic data Carabobo Block, Orinoco Oil Belt, Venezuela [J]. Heavy Oil Latin America Congress.
Chen G H, Wang Y G. 2005. Faust Formula Application in the Reconstruction of Acoustic Curve [J]. Progress in Exploration Geophysics(in Chinese), 28(2): 125-128.
Jia J L, Liu Z J, Chen Y C, et al. 2010. Hierarchical reconstruction feature curve technology using logging-seismic multi-attribute [J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese), 45(3): 436- 442.
Jiang X Y, Ji Z F, Mao F J, et al. 2014. Application of random simulation method in the study of physical property of reservoir [J]. Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese), 29(6): 2665-2668, doi: 10.6038/pg20140629.
Mu L, XU B, Zhang S, et al. 2008. Integrated 3 D Geology Modeling Constrained by Facies and Horizontal Well Data and the Classifying OOIP Calculation for Block M of the Orinoco Heavy Oil Belt [J]. Society of Petroleum Engineers. doi: 10.2118/117468-MS.
Mulholland J W. 1998 a. Sequence stratigraphy: Basic elements, concepts, and terminology [J]. The Leading Edge, 17(1): 1-144.
Mulholland J W. 1998 b. Sequence architecture [J]. The Leading Edge,(17): 767-771.
Shen G Q. 2004. Stochastic seismic inversion method and its application technology [Master’s.D. thesis]. Jingzhou, Hubei: Geology major of Changjiang University.
Shen X C, Yang J F. 2006. Acoustic log reconstruction application in the seismic inversion [J]. West China Petroleum Geosciences(in Chinese), 2(4): 436- 438.
Tankersley T H, Waite M W. 2002. Reservoir Modeling for Horizontal Exploitation of a Giant Heavy Oil Field-Challenges and Lessons Learned [J]. Society of Petroleum Engineers. doi: 10.2118/78957-MS.
Tankersley T H, Waite M W. 2003. Reservoir Modeling for Horizontal-Well Exploitation of a Giant Heavy-Oil Field [J]. Society of Petroleum Engineers. doi: 10.2118/87308-PA.
Wang D D, Zhou Y B, Ma Z Z, et al. 2013. Application of Horizontal Wells in Geological statistical inversion [J]. Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese), 28(3): 1522-1530, doi: 10.6038/pg20130348.
Yu T Z, Wang G M. 2010. Aplication of seismic data to horizontal well design in complex reservoir [J]. Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese), 25(1): 21-27, doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2010.01.005.
Zhao J L, Xiong R, Chen G, et al. 2013. Gr Quasi-Acoustic frequency divisions reconstruct seismic inversion and application in reservoir prediction [J]. Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese), 28(4): 1954-1961, doi: 10.6038/pg20130438.
Zubizarreta J, Robertson G, Adame J. 2001. The Role of 3-D Seismic in a Challenging Horizontal Drilling Environment: The Cerro Negro Experience [J]. Society of Petroleum Engineers. doi: 10.2118/70775-MS.
曹彤, 郭少斌. 2013. 精细地震构造解释在油田开发中的应用[J]. 地球物理学进展, 28(4): 1893-1899, doi: 10.6038/pg20130431.
陈钢花, 王永刚. 2005. Faust公式在声波曲线重构中的应用[J]. 勘探地球物理进展, 28(2): 125-128.
贾建亮, 刘招君, 陈永成, 等. 2010. 测井-地震多属性分层重构特征曲线技术[J]. 石油地球物理勘探, 45(3): 436- 442
姜晓宇, 计智锋, 毛凤军, 等. 2014. 随机模拟技术在储层物性研究中的应用[J]. 地球物理学进展, 29(6): 2665-2668, doi: 10.6038/pg20140629.
王丹丹, 周玉冰, 马中振, 等. 2013. 委内瑞拉水平井资料在地质统计反演中的应用[J]. 地球物理学进展, 28(3): 1522-1530, doi: 10.6038/pg20130348.
于天忠, 王光明. 2010. 地震资料在复杂油藏水平井设计中的应用[J]. 地球物理学进展, 25(1): 21-27, doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2010.01.005.
慎国强. 2004. 随机地震反演方法及其应用技术研究[D]. 荆州: 长江大学地质专业.
沈向存, 杨江峰. 2006. 声波曲线重构技术在地震反演中的应用[J]. 中国西部油气地质, 2(4): 436- 438.
赵继龙, 熊冉, 陈戈, 等. 2013. 伽马拟声波分频重构反演在储层预测中的应用[J]. 地球物理学进展, 28(4): 1954-1961: doi: 10.6038/pg20130438.
Casalins A, Castillo J, Pérez S. 2014. Application of Geochemistry in lithostratigraphic sections and 3 D seismic data Carabobo Block, Orinoco Oil Belt, Venezuela [J]. Heavy Oil Latin America Congress.
Chen G H, Wang Y G. 2005. Faust Formula Application in the Reconstruction of Acoustic Curve [J]. Progress in Exploration Geophysics(in Chinese), 28(2): 125-128.
Jia J L, Liu Z J, Chen Y C, et al. 2010. Hierarchical reconstruction feature curve technology using logging-seismic multi-attribute [J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese), 45(3): 436- 442.
Jiang X Y, Ji Z F, Mao F J, et al. 2014. Application of random simulation method in the study of physical property of reservoir [J]. Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese), 29(6): 2665-2668, doi: 10.6038/pg20140629.
Mu L, XU B, Zhang S, et al. 2008. Integrated 3 D Geology Modeling Constrained by Facies and Horizontal Well Data and the Classifying OOIP Calculation for Block M of the Orinoco Heavy Oil Belt [J]. Society of Petroleum Engineers. doi: 10.2118/117468-MS.
Mulholland J W. 1998 a. Sequence stratigraphy: Basic elements, concepts, and terminology [J]. The Leading Edge, 17(1): 1-144.
Mulholland J W. 1998 b. Sequence architecture [J]. The Leading Edge,(17): 767-771.
Shen G Q. 2004. Stochastic seismic inversion method and its application technology [Master’s.D. thesis]. Jingzhou, Hubei: Geology major of Changjiang University.
Shen X C, Yang J F. 2006. Acoustic log reconstruction application in the seismic inversion [J]. West China Petroleum Geosciences(in Chinese), 2(4): 436- 438.
Tankersley T H, Waite M W. 2002. Reservoir Modeling for Horizontal Exploitation of a Giant Heavy Oil Field-Challenges and Lessons Learned [J]. Society of Petroleum Engineers. doi: 10.2118/78957-MS.
Tankersley T H, Waite M W. 2003. Reservoir Modeling for Horizontal-Well Exploitation of a Giant Heavy-Oil Field [J]. Society of Petroleum Engineers. doi: 10.2118/87308-PA.
Wang D D, Zhou Y B, Ma Z Z, et al. 2013. Application of Horizontal Wells in Geological statistical inversion [J]. Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese), 28(3): 1522-1530, doi: 10.6038/pg20130348.
Yu T Z, Wang G M. 2010. Aplication of seismic data to horizontal well design in complex reservoir [J]. Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese), 25(1): 21-27, doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2010.01.005.
Zhao J L, Xiong R, Chen G, et al. 2013. Gr Quasi-Acoustic frequency divisions reconstruct seismic inversion and application in reservoir prediction [J]. Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese), 28(4): 1954-1961, doi: 10.6038/pg20130438.
Zubizarreta J, Robertson G, Adame J. 2001. The Role of 3-D Seismic in a Challenging Horizontal Drilling Environment: The Cerro Negro Experience [J]. Society of Petroleum Engineers. doi: 10.2118/70775-MS.
曹彤, 郭少斌. 2013. 精细地震构造解释在油田开发中的应用[J]. 地球物理学进展, 28(4): 1893-1899, doi: 10.6038/pg20130431.
陈钢花, 王永刚. 2005. Faust公式在声波曲线重构中的应用[J]. 勘探地球物理进展, 28(2): 125-128.
贾建亮, 刘招君, 陈永成, 等. 2010. 测井-地震多属性分层重构特征曲线技术[J]. 石油地球物理勘探, 45(3): 436- 442
姜晓宇, 计智锋, 毛凤军, 等. 2014. 随机模拟技术在储层物性研究中的应用[J]. 地球物理学进展, 29(6): 2665-2668, doi: 10.6038/pg20140629.
王丹丹, 周玉冰, 马中振, 等. 2013. 委内瑞拉水平井资料在地质统计反演中的应用[J]. 地球物理学进展, 28(3): 1522-1530, doi: 10.6038/pg20130348.
于天忠, 王光明. 2010. 地震资料在复杂油藏水平井设计中的应用[J]. 地球物理学进展, 25(1): 21-27, doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2010.01.005.
慎国强. 2004. 随机地震反演方法及其应用技术研究[D]. 荆州: 长江大学地质专业.
沈向存, 杨江峰. 2006. 声波曲线重构技术在地震反演中的应用[J]. 中国西部油气地质, 2(4): 436- 438.
赵继龙, 熊冉, 陈戈, 等. 2013. 伽马拟声波分频重构反演在储层预测中的应用[J]. 地球物理学进展, 28(4): 1954-1961: doi: 10.6038/pg20130438.
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