利用地震品质因子Q比例的分布特征预测南川页岩气藏保存条件
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摘要
根据地震数据、地质资料和地震属性,开展了南川地区五峰组-龙马溪组下部页岩的地震品质因子Q平面上分布与页岩气保存条件评价研究。针对南川地区页岩气开发中的断裂破碎带,提出了一种获取稳定品质因子Q比例及界限的工作流程和相应的迭代算法。研究表明,地震品质因子Q比例的分布可以快速、直观识别出断裂破碎带的内幕特征与不同类型页岩分布区。其中,断裂破碎带页岩区的品质因子Q比例总体上偏小,大多低于0.2,局部超过0.5,平面上分布杂乱、碎斑状;页岩呈北东向展布的条带,被断裂所撕裂、破碎,保存条件较差。稳定分布的页岩区的品质因子Q比例是较高的,超过0.7,平面变化稳定,没有突变现象,保存条件好。微裂缝发育的页岩区的品质因子Q比例具有渐变的趋势性,品质因子Q比例的分布从该页岩区的边部0.7向中部有规律地减小至0.1,保存条件最佳。实践证明,高产气井大多位于稳定分布的页岩区或内部微裂隙发育的稳定页岩区,地震品质因子Q比例研究方法对页岩气保存评价与开发井优化部署是一个实用工具。
The distribution of seismic quality factor Q and conditions for shale gas preservation of the lower shale interval of Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations were studied in Nanchuan area based on seismic and geologic data as well as seismic attributes.In regard to the faulted fracture zones in the Nanchuan shale gas block,the workflow and its iterative algorithm were proposed to work out the stable seismic quality factor Q and its limits.Results show that the internal features of the faulted fracture zones and distribution of different types of shales can be recognized rapidly and directly from the distribution of seismic quality factor Q.Thereinto,the seismic quality factor Q of the faulted fracture shale zones is generally low,with its value mostly below 0.2 while locally over 0.5,and shows chaotic or porphyritic distribution; the shales are distributed in the shape of stripes,trending north-east,but ripped and crushed by the fault zones,resulting in poor preservation conditions.The seismic quality factor Q of the stably-distributed shale zones is higher,with its value being more than 0.7,and shows stable distribution in plane without any abrupt changes,leading to good preservation conditions.The seismic quality factor Q of the shale zones with well-developed micro-fractures tends to change gradually,with its value diminishing regularly from 0.7 at the margin to 0.1 at the centre of the shale zones,implying the best preservation conditions.Practices have shown that most high-yield shale gas wells are located within the stably distributed shale zones or stable shale zones with well-developed micro-fractures,and the method of evaluating shale with seismic quality factor Q is a practical tool for assessing preservation conditions for shale gas and optimizing the deployment of development wells.
The distribution of seismic quality factor Q and conditions for shale gas preservation of the lower shale interval of Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations were studied in Nanchuan area based on seismic and geologic data as well as seismic attributes.In regard to the faulted fracture zones in the Nanchuan shale gas block,the workflow and its iterative algorithm were proposed to work out the stable seismic quality factor Q and its limits.Results show that the internal features of the faulted fracture zones and distribution of different types of shales can be recognized rapidly and directly from the distribution of seismic quality factor Q.Thereinto,the seismic quality factor Q of the faulted fracture shale zones is generally low,with its value mostly below 0.2 while locally over 0.5,and shows chaotic or porphyritic distribution; the shales are distributed in the shape of stripes,trending north-east,but ripped and crushed by the fault zones,resulting in poor preservation conditions.The seismic quality factor Q of the stably-distributed shale zones is higher,with its value being more than 0.7,and shows stable distribution in plane without any abrupt changes,leading to good preservation conditions.The seismic quality factor Q of the shale zones with well-developed micro-fractures tends to change gradually,with its value diminishing regularly from 0.7 at the margin to 0.1 at the centre of the shale zones,implying the best preservation conditions.Practices have shown that most high-yield shale gas wells are located within the stably distributed shale zones or stable shale zones with well-developed micro-fractures,and the method of evaluating shale with seismic quality factor Q is a practical tool for assessing preservation conditions for shale gas and optimizing the deployment of development wells.
引文
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[2] 郝召兵,秦静欣,伍向阳.地震波品质因子Q研究进展综述[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(2):375-381.Hao Zhaobing,Qin Jingxin,Wu Xiangyang.Overview of research on the seismic wave quality factor[J].Progress In Geophysics,2009,24(2):375-381.
[3] Tonn R.Comparison of seven methods for the computation of Q[J].Physics of the Earth & Planetary Interiors,1989,55(3):259-268.
[4] 吴晓芝,卫鹏飞,王俊国.井下与地面地震波传播介质品质因子Q值的对比研究[J].华北地震科学,1987(s1):123-128.Wu Xiaozhi,Wei Pengfei,Wang Junguo.Comparative study on Q value of quality factor of seismic wave propagation medium between underground and surface[J].North China Earthquake Sciences,1987(s1):123-128.
[5] 苑书金,董宁,于常青.地震波衰减技术在鄂尔多斯盆地储层预测中的应用[J].石油物探,2006,45(2):182-185.Yuan Shujin,Dong Wing,Yu Changqing.The application of seismic attenuation reservoir prediction in Erdos basin[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2006,45(2):182-185.
[6] 马昭军,刘洋.地震波衰减反演研究综述[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(4):1074-1082.Ma Zhao jun,Liu Yang .A summary of research on seismic attenuation [J].Progress In Geophysics,2005,20(4):1074-1082.
[7] 周连庆.地球介质衰减特性层析成像[J].国际地震动态,2017(2):46-48.Zhou Liangqing.Tomographic imaging of the attenuation characteristics of the Earth’s medium[J].Recent Developments in World Seismology,2017(2):46-48.
[8] 王德利,戴建芳.基于射线路径的叠前高精度Q值估计方法[J].石油物探,2013,52(5):475-481.Wang Deli,Dai Jianfang.High-accuracy prestack Q-determination based on seismic wave raypath [J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2013,52(5):475-481.
[9] 张晓玲,肖立志,谢然红,等.页岩气藏评价中的岩石物理方法[J].地球物理学进展,2013,28(4):1962-1974.Zhang Xiaoling,Xiao Lizhi,Xie Ranbong,et al.Petrophysical workflow for shale has evaluation[J].Progress In Geophysics,2013,28(4):1962-1974.
[10] 尹志恒,魏建新,狄帮让,等.利用Q值各向异性识别裂缝走向[J].石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(3):429-433.Yin Zhiheng,Wei Jianxin,Di Bangrang,et al.Fracture orientation detection using Q anisotropy.[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2011,46(3):429-433.
[11] 郭旭升,胡东风,魏祥峰,等.四川盆地焦石坝地区页岩裂缝发育主控因素及对产能的影响[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(6):799-808.Guo Xusheng,Hu Dongfeng,Wei Xiangfeng,et al.Main controlling factors on shale fractures and their influences on production capacity in Jiaoshiba area,the Sichuan Basin[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2016,37(6):799-808.
[12] 孙健,罗兵.四川盆地涪陵页岩气田构造变形特征及对含气性的影响[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(6):-09-819.Sun Jian,Luo Bing.Structural deformation and its influences on gas storage in Fuling shale gas play,the Sichuan Basin[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2016,37(6):809-819.
[13] 方志雄,何希鹏.渝东南武隆向斜常压页岩气形成与演化[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(6):819-827.Fang Zhixiong,He Xipeng.Formation and evolution of normal pressure shale gas reservoir in Wulong Syncline,Southeast Chongqing,China[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2016,37(6):819-827.
[14] 佘晓宇,陈洁,张士万,等.焦石坝地区中、古生界构造特征及其页岩气地质意义[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(6):828-837.She Xiaoyu,Chen Jie,Zhang Shiwan,et al.Tectonic characteristics and their shale gas geological significance of the Mesozoic-Paleozoic in Jiaoshiba area,the Sichuan Basin[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2016,37(6):828-837.
[15] 徐政语,梁兴,王希友,等.四川盆地罗场向斜黄金坝建产区五峰组-龙马溪组页岩气藏特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2017,38(1):132-143.Xu Zhengyu,Liang Xing,Wang Xiyou,et al.Shale gas reservoir characteristics of the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations in Huangjinba construction block of the Luochang Syncline,the Sichuan Basin[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2017,38(1):132-143.
[16] 袁玉松,刘俊新,周雁,等.泥页岩脆-延转化带及其在页岩气勘探中的意义[J].石油与天然气地质,2018,39(5):899-906.Yuan Yusong,Liu Junxin,Zhou Yan,et al.Brittle-ductile transition zone of shale and its implications in shale gas exploration[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2018,39(5):899-906.
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