生物质气化过程中焦油脱除技术研究进展
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摘要
综述了近年来国内外生物质气化过程中主要的焦油脱除技术物理脱除、热化学脱除以及等离子脱除技术的研究进展,认为目前该项技术需要解决的主要是二次污染、高效催化剂制备和技术经济性等问题,高温裂解脱除焦油和开发低成本复合型催化剂是解决这些难题的有效方法,并将成为未来的技术发展方向。
Recent domestic and overseas research progresses in the main tar removal technologies,such as physical removal,thermal chemical removal and plasma removal, in the process of biomass gasification were reviewed.Considering that the main problems to be solved in the current process of biomass gasification are secondary pollution,highly efficient catalyst preparation,and technical economy,high temperature cracking is an effective method to solve these problems and it will be the main direction of future technology development.
Recent domestic and overseas research progresses in the main tar removal technologies,such as physical removal,thermal chemical removal and plasma removal, in the process of biomass gasification were reviewed.Considering that the main problems to be solved in the current process of biomass gasification are secondary pollution,highly efficient catalyst preparation,and technical economy,high temperature cracking is an effective method to solve these problems and it will be the main direction of future technology development.
引文
[1]袁振宏,吴创之,马隆龙,等.生物质能利用原理与技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005:182-184.
[2]许详静,刘军.煤炭气化工艺[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2009:139-140.
[3]吴爱华,吴石麟.等离子技术简介[J].唐钢科技,1991(2):34-37.
[4]MANIATIS K,BEENACKERS A A C M. Tar protocols. IEA bioenergy gasification task[J]. Biomass and Bioenergy,2000,18(1):1-4.
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[6]周劲松,王铁柱.生物质焦油的催化裂解研究[J].燃料化学学报,2003,31(2):144-148.
[7]边轶,刘石彩,简相坤.生物质热解焦油的性质与化学利用研究现状[J].生物质化学工程,2011,45(2):51-55.
[8]鲍振博,靳登超,刘玉乐,等.生物质气化中焦油的产生及其危害性[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(4):2243-2244.
[9]马隆龙,吴创之,孙立.生物质气化技术及其应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2003.
[10]刘荣厚,牛卫生,张大雷.生物质热化学转化技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005.
[11]朱清时,阎立峰,郭庆祥.生物质洁净能源[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2002.
[12]吴悠,赵立欣,孟海波,等.生物质热解焦油脱除方法研究进展[J].化工环保,2016,36(1):17-21.
[13]何伯翠.秸杆热解气化气中焦油生成机理及除焦方法[J].皖西学院学报,2002,18(4):46-48.
[14]董玉平,董磊,申树云,等.数值研究生物质焦油在旋风分离器中分离特性[J].太阳能学报,2007,28(7):799-803.
[15]金亮,童瑞明,周劲松,等.生物质燃气焦油产率及其净化[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(增刊2):259-263.
[16]常加富,董玉平,刘庆磊,等.文丘里净化生物质燃气焦油特性的研究[J].农机化研究,2013(5):220-223.
[17]孙云娟,蒋剑春.生物质气化过程中焦油的去除方法综述[J].生物质化学工程,2006,40(2):31-35.
[18]韩璞,李大中,刘晓伟.生物质气化发电燃气焦油脱除方法的探讨[J].可再生能源,2008,26(1):40-45.
[19]季红波.农作物秸秆气化过程中焦油净化技术的研究[J].现代农业装备,2011(3):51-53.
[20]HAN J,KIM H. The reduction and control technology of tar during biomass gasification/pyrolysis:An overview[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2008,12(2):397-416.
[21]巩伟,阴秀丽,谢建军,等.多孔白云石颗粒催化裂解生物质焦油的动力学研究[J].太阳能学报,2010,31(7):800-805.
[22]卜宪昵,岳宝华,戴智铭,等.橄榄石对高温焦炉煤气中焦油组分的催化裂解[J].煤炭转化,2008,31(2):31-36
[23]EL-RUB A Z,BRAMER E A,BREM G. Review of catalysts for tar elimination in biomass gasification processes[J]. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research,2004,43(22):6911-6919.
[24]DEVI L,CRAJE M,THUNE P,et al. Olivine as tar removal catalyst for biomass gasifier:Catalyst characterization[J]. Applied Catalysis A:General,2005,294(1):68-79.
[25]杨修春,韦亚南,李伟捷.焦油裂解用催化剂的研究进展[J].化工进展,2007,26(3):326-330.
[26]HEO D H,LEE R,HWANG J H,et al. The effect of addition of Ca,K and Mn over Ni-based catalyst on steam reforming of toluene as model tar compound[J]. Catalysis Today,2016,265:95-102.
[27]王铁军,常杰,吴创之,等.生物质气化焦油催化裂解特性[J].太阳能学报,2003,24(3):376-379.
[28]GALLEGO G S,BATIOT-DUPEYRAT C,BARRAULT J,et al. Dual active-site mechanism for dry methane reforming over Ni/La2O3produced from La Ni O3perovskite[J]. Ind Eng Chem Res,2008,47(23):9272-9278.
[29]BEHNIA I,YUAN Z,CHARPENTIER P,et al. Production of methane and hydrogen via supercritical water gasification of renewable glucose at a relatively low temperature:effects of metal catalysts and supports[J]. Fuel Processing Technology,2016,143:27-34.
[30]王晨光,王铁军,吕鹏梅,等.整体式催化剂催化重整净化生物质粗燃气性能研究[J].燃料化学学报,2007,35(3):285-288.
[31]蒋剑春,金淳,张进平,等.生物质催化气化工业应用技术研究[J].林产化学与工业,2001,21(40):21-26.
[32]ENCINAR J M,BELTRAN F J,RAMIRO A. Pyrolysis/gasification of agricultural residues by carbon dioxide in the presence of different additives:Influence of variables[J]. Fuel Process Technol,1998,55(3):219-233.
[33]TAKISE K,HIGO T,MUKAI D,et al. Highly active and stable Co/La0. 7Sr0. 3AlO3-δcatalyst for steam reforming of toluene[J]. Catalysis Today,2016,265:111-117.
[34]PHUPHUAKRAT T,NAMIOKA T,YOSHIKAWA K. Tar removal from biomass pyrolysis gas in two-step function of decomposition and adsorption[J]. Applied Energy,2010,87(7):2203-2211.
[35]齐国利.生物质热解及焦油热裂解的实验研究和数值模拟[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2010.
[36]ANIS S,ZAINAL Z A. Tar reduction in biomass producer gas via mechanical,catalytic and thermal methods:A review[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2011,15(5):2355-2377.
[37]杨欢,刘汝兵,王萌萌,等.等离子体射流及其发生器研究进展[J].机电技术,2013(5):147-152.
[38]颜欣,李晓东,朱凤森,等.旋转滑动弧讲解垃圾气化焦油组分中的萘[J].化工进展,2018,37(3):1174-1180.
[39]NUNNALLY T,TSANGARIS A,RABINOVICH A,et al. Gliding arc plasma oxidative steam reforming of a simulated syngas containing naphthalene and toluene[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2014,39(23):11976-11989.
[40]ELIOTT R M,NOGUEIRA M F M,SOBRINHO A S S,et al. Tar reforming under a microwave plasma torch[J]. Energy&Fuels,2013,27(2):1174-1181.
[41]NAIR S A,PEMEN A J M,YAN K,et al. Tar removal from biomass-derived fuel gas by pulsed corona discharges[J]. Fuel Processing Technology,2003,84(1/2/3):161-173.
[42]ZHU T,LI J,JIN Y,et al. Decomposition of benzene by non-thermal plasma processing:Photocatalyst and ozone effect[J].International Journal of Environmental Science&Technology,2008,5(3):375-384.
[43]李乐豪,闻光东,杨启炜,等.生物质焦油处理方法研究进展[J].化工进展,2017,36(7):2407-2416.
[44]FOURCAULT A,MARIAS F,MICHON U. Modelling of thermal removal of tars in a high temperature stage fed by a plasma torch[J]. Biomass and bioenergy,2010,34(9):1363-1374.
[45]MARIAS F,DEMARTHON R,BLOAS A,et al. Design of a high temperature reactor fed by a plasma torch for tar conversion:Comparison between CFD modelling and experimental results[J]. Waste and Biomass Valorization,2015,6(1):97-108.
[2]许详静,刘军.煤炭气化工艺[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2009:139-140.
[3]吴爱华,吴石麟.等离子技术简介[J].唐钢科技,1991(2):34-37.
[4]MANIATIS K,BEENACKERS A A C M. Tar protocols. IEA bioenergy gasification task[J]. Biomass and Bioenergy,2000,18(1):1-4.
[5]MILNE T A,ABATZOGLOU N,EVANS R J. Biomass gasifier“tars”:Their nature,formation,and conversion,[EB/OL].[2018-05-04]. https://www. researchgate. net/publication/255090741 Biomass Gasifier Tars Their Nature Formation and Conversion.
[6]周劲松,王铁柱.生物质焦油的催化裂解研究[J].燃料化学学报,2003,31(2):144-148.
[7]边轶,刘石彩,简相坤.生物质热解焦油的性质与化学利用研究现状[J].生物质化学工程,2011,45(2):51-55.
[8]鲍振博,靳登超,刘玉乐,等.生物质气化中焦油的产生及其危害性[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(4):2243-2244.
[9]马隆龙,吴创之,孙立.生物质气化技术及其应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2003.
[10]刘荣厚,牛卫生,张大雷.生物质热化学转化技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005.
[11]朱清时,阎立峰,郭庆祥.生物质洁净能源[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2002.
[12]吴悠,赵立欣,孟海波,等.生物质热解焦油脱除方法研究进展[J].化工环保,2016,36(1):17-21.
[13]何伯翠.秸杆热解气化气中焦油生成机理及除焦方法[J].皖西学院学报,2002,18(4):46-48.
[14]董玉平,董磊,申树云,等.数值研究生物质焦油在旋风分离器中分离特性[J].太阳能学报,2007,28(7):799-803.
[15]金亮,童瑞明,周劲松,等.生物质燃气焦油产率及其净化[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(增刊2):259-263.
[16]常加富,董玉平,刘庆磊,等.文丘里净化生物质燃气焦油特性的研究[J].农机化研究,2013(5):220-223.
[17]孙云娟,蒋剑春.生物质气化过程中焦油的去除方法综述[J].生物质化学工程,2006,40(2):31-35.
[18]韩璞,李大中,刘晓伟.生物质气化发电燃气焦油脱除方法的探讨[J].可再生能源,2008,26(1):40-45.
[19]季红波.农作物秸秆气化过程中焦油净化技术的研究[J].现代农业装备,2011(3):51-53.
[20]HAN J,KIM H. The reduction and control technology of tar during biomass gasification/pyrolysis:An overview[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2008,12(2):397-416.
[21]巩伟,阴秀丽,谢建军,等.多孔白云石颗粒催化裂解生物质焦油的动力学研究[J].太阳能学报,2010,31(7):800-805.
[22]卜宪昵,岳宝华,戴智铭,等.橄榄石对高温焦炉煤气中焦油组分的催化裂解[J].煤炭转化,2008,31(2):31-36
[23]EL-RUB A Z,BRAMER E A,BREM G. Review of catalysts for tar elimination in biomass gasification processes[J]. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research,2004,43(22):6911-6919.
[24]DEVI L,CRAJE M,THUNE P,et al. Olivine as tar removal catalyst for biomass gasifier:Catalyst characterization[J]. Applied Catalysis A:General,2005,294(1):68-79.
[25]杨修春,韦亚南,李伟捷.焦油裂解用催化剂的研究进展[J].化工进展,2007,26(3):326-330.
[26]HEO D H,LEE R,HWANG J H,et al. The effect of addition of Ca,K and Mn over Ni-based catalyst on steam reforming of toluene as model tar compound[J]. Catalysis Today,2016,265:95-102.
[27]王铁军,常杰,吴创之,等.生物质气化焦油催化裂解特性[J].太阳能学报,2003,24(3):376-379.
[28]GALLEGO G S,BATIOT-DUPEYRAT C,BARRAULT J,et al. Dual active-site mechanism for dry methane reforming over Ni/La2O3produced from La Ni O3perovskite[J]. Ind Eng Chem Res,2008,47(23):9272-9278.
[29]BEHNIA I,YUAN Z,CHARPENTIER P,et al. Production of methane and hydrogen via supercritical water gasification of renewable glucose at a relatively low temperature:effects of metal catalysts and supports[J]. Fuel Processing Technology,2016,143:27-34.
[30]王晨光,王铁军,吕鹏梅,等.整体式催化剂催化重整净化生物质粗燃气性能研究[J].燃料化学学报,2007,35(3):285-288.
[31]蒋剑春,金淳,张进平,等.生物质催化气化工业应用技术研究[J].林产化学与工业,2001,21(40):21-26.
[32]ENCINAR J M,BELTRAN F J,RAMIRO A. Pyrolysis/gasification of agricultural residues by carbon dioxide in the presence of different additives:Influence of variables[J]. Fuel Process Technol,1998,55(3):219-233.
[33]TAKISE K,HIGO T,MUKAI D,et al. Highly active and stable Co/La0. 7Sr0. 3AlO3-δcatalyst for steam reforming of toluene[J]. Catalysis Today,2016,265:111-117.
[34]PHUPHUAKRAT T,NAMIOKA T,YOSHIKAWA K. Tar removal from biomass pyrolysis gas in two-step function of decomposition and adsorption[J]. Applied Energy,2010,87(7):2203-2211.
[35]齐国利.生物质热解及焦油热裂解的实验研究和数值模拟[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2010.
[36]ANIS S,ZAINAL Z A. Tar reduction in biomass producer gas via mechanical,catalytic and thermal methods:A review[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2011,15(5):2355-2377.
[37]杨欢,刘汝兵,王萌萌,等.等离子体射流及其发生器研究进展[J].机电技术,2013(5):147-152.
[38]颜欣,李晓东,朱凤森,等.旋转滑动弧讲解垃圾气化焦油组分中的萘[J].化工进展,2018,37(3):1174-1180.
[39]NUNNALLY T,TSANGARIS A,RABINOVICH A,et al. Gliding arc plasma oxidative steam reforming of a simulated syngas containing naphthalene and toluene[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2014,39(23):11976-11989.
[40]ELIOTT R M,NOGUEIRA M F M,SOBRINHO A S S,et al. Tar reforming under a microwave plasma torch[J]. Energy&Fuels,2013,27(2):1174-1181.
[41]NAIR S A,PEMEN A J M,YAN K,et al. Tar removal from biomass-derived fuel gas by pulsed corona discharges[J]. Fuel Processing Technology,2003,84(1/2/3):161-173.
[42]ZHU T,LI J,JIN Y,et al. Decomposition of benzene by non-thermal plasma processing:Photocatalyst and ozone effect[J].International Journal of Environmental Science&Technology,2008,5(3):375-384.
[43]李乐豪,闻光东,杨启炜,等.生物质焦油处理方法研究进展[J].化工进展,2017,36(7):2407-2416.
[44]FOURCAULT A,MARIAS F,MICHON U. Modelling of thermal removal of tars in a high temperature stage fed by a plasma torch[J]. Biomass and bioenergy,2010,34(9):1363-1374.
[45]MARIAS F,DEMARTHON R,BLOAS A,et al. Design of a high temperature reactor fed by a plasma torch for tar conversion:Comparison between CFD modelling and experimental results[J]. Waste and Biomass Valorization,2015,6(1):97-108.