浅地层剖面系统在福建沿海海底沉船调查中的应用
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摘要
海底沉船是水下文化遗产的一种重要类型和存在形式,利用综合地球物理手段对福建平潭、莆田及福州海域的海底沉船进行了探测研究,并重点探讨了不同浅地层剖面系统及不同探测频率在不同埋藏状态的水下文物调查中的应用。结果表明:浅地层剖面探测能够有效识别处于不同埋藏状态的沉船,尤其对探测埋藏海底面以下的沉船具有其他探测手段无法比拟的优势,但是探测频率的调节对目标物探测结果存在较大差异,对于埋藏式的海底沉船低频信号探测效果较理想。
The underwater shipwrecks are an important type and existent form of underwater cultural heritage.Research of the seabed sunken ships in Pingtan, Putian and Fuzhou of Fujian Province is conducted by the combining method of several geophysical techniques, including sub-bottom profiling, side-scan sonar and multibeam sounding. This paper focuses on the discussion of the application of different types of sub-bottom profilers with different operating frequency bands in the investigation of underwater cultural heritage under different burial conditions. The results show that the sub-bottom profilers can detect the shipwrecks of different burial conditions,including the shipwrecks buried by sediments. Furthermore, the adjustment of the operating frequency has a critical impact on the detection results. According to the work conducted in the study area, it is recommended to choose the low-frequency end signal of the sub-bottom profilers for the detection of buried shipwrecks under the sea.
The underwater shipwrecks are an important type and existent form of underwater cultural heritage.Research of the seabed sunken ships in Pingtan, Putian and Fuzhou of Fujian Province is conducted by the combining method of several geophysical techniques, including sub-bottom profiling, side-scan sonar and multibeam sounding. This paper focuses on the discussion of the application of different types of sub-bottom profilers with different operating frequency bands in the investigation of underwater cultural heritage under different burial conditions. The results show that the sub-bottom profilers can detect the shipwrecks of different burial conditions,including the shipwrecks buried by sediments. Furthermore, the adjustment of the operating frequency has a critical impact on the detection results. According to the work conducted in the study area, it is recommended to choose the low-frequency end signal of the sub-bottom profilers for the detection of buried shipwrecks under the sea.
引文
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[3] Gaspari A. Archaeology of the Ljubljanica River(Slovenia):early underwater investigations and some current issues[J]. International Journal of Nautical Archaeology, 2003, 32(1):42-52.
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[10]李海东,许江,郑江龙.广西近海灾害地质因素及声学反射特征[J].应用海洋学学报,2016,35(2):275-283.Li Haidong, Xu Jiang, Zheng Jianglong, et al. Neritic hazardous geology and its characteristic acoustic reflection in offshore of Guangxi[J]. Journal of Applied Oceanography, 2016, 35(2):275-283.
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[12] Arnott SHL, Dix JK, Best AI, et al. Imaging of buried archaeological materials:the reflection properties of archaeological wood[J].Marine Geophysical Researches, 2005, 26(2-4):135-144.
[13] Sakellariou D, Georgiou P, Mallios A, et al. Searching for ancient shipwrecks in the Aegean Sea:the discovery of Chios and Kythnos Hellenistic wrecks with the use of marine geological-geophysical methods[J]. International Journal of Nautical Archaeology, 2007, 36(2):365-381.
[14] Westley K, Plets R,Quinn R. Holocene paleo-geographic reconstructions of the ramore head area, Northern Ireland, using geophysical and geotechnical data:paleo-landscape mapping and archaeological implications[J]. Geoarchaeology-an International Journal, 2014,29(6):411-430.
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[17] Bailey G N Flemming. Archaeology of the continental shelf:Marine resources, submerged landscapes and underwater archaeology[J].Quaternary Science Reviews, 2008, 27(23-24):2153-2165.
[18]林桂兰,蔺爱军,董卫卫,等.海洋开发背景下的中国海洋水下文化遗产保护对策探讨[J].海洋开发与管理,2016,33(10):30-35.Lin Guilan, Lin Aijun, Dong Weiwei, et al. Management countermeasures of marine cultural heritage conservation under the bachground of marine development[J]. Ocean Development&Management,2016,33(10):30-35.
[19]金涛,阮啸,陈家旺.宁波“小白礁Ⅰ号”遗址水下埋藏环境及对沉船影响研究[J].中国文物科学研究,2016(1):59-62.Jin Tao, Ruan Xiao, Chen Jiawang. Study of underwater burial environment of Ningbo XiaobaijiaoⅠshipwreck and its impact[J].China Cultural Heritage Scientific Research,2016(1):59-62.
[20]金涛.海洋条件下的水下文物埋藏环境概述[J].文物保护与考古科学,2017(1):98-107.Jin Tao. A review of underwater marine burial environment[J]. Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology,2017(1):98-107.
[21]陈居成.平潭县旅游资源[J].亚热带资源与环境学报,1994,9(1):53-56.Chen Jucheng. Tourism Resources in Pingtan County[J]. Journal of Subtropical Resources and Environment, 1994,9(1):53-56.
[22]杨逸畴,尹泽生.平潭岛海蚀花岗岩地貌———兼述花岗岩地貌系列研究和创新[J].地质评论,2007,53(B08):125-131.Yang Yichou, Yin Zesheng. Marine erosional granite landforms on Pingtan island—with a discussion on the series study of granite landforms and its innovation[J]. Geological Review,2007,53(B08):125-131.
[23]许文彬.兴化湾内外海域晚第四纪沉积特征与环境意义[D].厦门:厦门大学,2005.Xu Wenbin. Late-quaternary sedimentary and environmental characteristics of inside and outside seas in Xinghua[D]. Xiamen:Xiamen University,2005.
[24]赵绍华.平潭岛附近海域全新世以来沉积特征及古气候变化研究[D].厦门:国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,2012.Zhao Shaohua. Research on characteristics of holocene sediment and paleoclimate changes in Pingtan island adjacent seas[D].Xiamen:Third Institute of Oceanography,State Oceanic Administration, 2012.
[25]张海峰.福建平海湾沉积动力特征与海床稳定性分析[J].应用海洋学学报,2013,32(1):36-45.Zhang Haifeng. Deposition kinetic characteristics and seabed stability analysis of Pinghai bay,Fujian[J]. Journal of Applied Oceanography,2013,32(1):36-45.
[2] Schlichtherle H, Kramer W. Underwater archaeology in Germany[J]. International Journal of Nautical Archaeology, 1996,25(2):141-151.
[3] Gaspari A. Archaeology of the Ljubljanica River(Slovenia):early underwater investigations and some current issues[J]. International Journal of Nautical Archaeology, 2003, 32(1):42-52.
[4]胡毅,许江,余兴光,等.水下文物探测与保护技术体系研究[J].科学,2013,65(5):31-35.Hu Yi, Xu Jiang, Yu Xingguang, et al. Research on the technology system of underwater cultural relic detection and protection[J].Science(China), 2013,65(5):31-35.
[5]羊泽林.平潭老牛礁一号沉船遗址水下考古在福建[J].大众考古, 2015(12):19-27.Yang Zelin. Underwater archaeology of Laoniu reefⅠshipwreck site in Pintan,Fujian[J].Popular Archaeolegy,2015(12):19-27.
[6]张叔英,华乐荪,胡嘉忠,等. D&Z—1声参量多频海底测绘系统[J].海洋测绘,1996,17(1):12-19.Zhaang Shuying, Hua Lesun, Hujiazhong, et al. D&Z—1 acoustic parameters of multi-frequency seabed surveying and mapping system[J]. 1996,17(1):12-19.
[7]罗深荣.侧扫声呐和多波束测深系统在海洋调查中的综合应用[J].海洋测绘,2003,23(1):22-24.Luo Rongshen. Comprehensive utilization of side scan sonar and multi-beam sounding system in oceanographic research[J].Hydrographic Surveying and Charting, 2003,23(1):22-24.
[8] Fonseca L, Mayer L. Remote estimation of surficial seafloor properties through the application angular range analysis to multibeam sonar data[J]. Marine Geophysical Research,2007,28(2):119-126.
[9]刘加银,刘海行,苏天赟.一种海底浅层声学探测数据综合可视化方法[J].海洋通报,2015,34(3):320-326.Liu Jiayin, Liu Haixing, Su Tianyun, et al. A visualization model of sub-bottom acoustic data[J]. Marine Science Bulletin,2015,34(3):320-326.
[10]李海东,许江,郑江龙.广西近海灾害地质因素及声学反射特征[J].应用海洋学学报,2016,35(2):275-283.Li Haidong, Xu Jiang, Zheng Jianglong, et al. Neritic hazardous geology and its characteristic acoustic reflection in offshore of Guangxi[J]. Journal of Applied Oceanography, 2016, 35(2):275-283.
[11] Frey D. Sub-bottom survey of Porto Longo harbour, Peleponnesus,Greece[J].International Journal of Nautical Archaeology, 1972, 1(1):170-175.
[12] Arnott SHL, Dix JK, Best AI, et al. Imaging of buried archaeological materials:the reflection properties of archaeological wood[J].Marine Geophysical Researches, 2005, 26(2-4):135-144.
[13] Sakellariou D, Georgiou P, Mallios A, et al. Searching for ancient shipwrecks in the Aegean Sea:the discovery of Chios and Kythnos Hellenistic wrecks with the use of marine geological-geophysical methods[J]. International Journal of Nautical Archaeology, 2007, 36(2):365-381.
[14] Westley K, Plets R,Quinn R. Holocene paleo-geographic reconstructions of the ramore head area, Northern Ireland, using geophysical and geotechnical data:paleo-landscape mapping and archaeological implications[J]. Geoarchaeology-an International Journal, 2014,29(6):411-430.
[15]张寅生.水下考古与水下考古探测技术[J].东南文化,1996(4):32-36.Zhang Yinsheng. Underwater archeology and underwater archeology exploration technology[J]. Southeast Culture, 1996(4):32-36.
[16] David G, Jonathan A. Shipwrecks and maritime archaeology[J]. Word Archaeology, 2000,32(3):279-291.
[17] Bailey G N Flemming. Archaeology of the continental shelf:Marine resources, submerged landscapes and underwater archaeology[J].Quaternary Science Reviews, 2008, 27(23-24):2153-2165.
[18]林桂兰,蔺爱军,董卫卫,等.海洋开发背景下的中国海洋水下文化遗产保护对策探讨[J].海洋开发与管理,2016,33(10):30-35.Lin Guilan, Lin Aijun, Dong Weiwei, et al. Management countermeasures of marine cultural heritage conservation under the bachground of marine development[J]. Ocean Development&Management,2016,33(10):30-35.
[19]金涛,阮啸,陈家旺.宁波“小白礁Ⅰ号”遗址水下埋藏环境及对沉船影响研究[J].中国文物科学研究,2016(1):59-62.Jin Tao, Ruan Xiao, Chen Jiawang. Study of underwater burial environment of Ningbo XiaobaijiaoⅠshipwreck and its impact[J].China Cultural Heritage Scientific Research,2016(1):59-62.
[20]金涛.海洋条件下的水下文物埋藏环境概述[J].文物保护与考古科学,2017(1):98-107.Jin Tao. A review of underwater marine burial environment[J]. Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology,2017(1):98-107.
[21]陈居成.平潭县旅游资源[J].亚热带资源与环境学报,1994,9(1):53-56.Chen Jucheng. Tourism Resources in Pingtan County[J]. Journal of Subtropical Resources and Environment, 1994,9(1):53-56.
[22]杨逸畴,尹泽生.平潭岛海蚀花岗岩地貌———兼述花岗岩地貌系列研究和创新[J].地质评论,2007,53(B08):125-131.Yang Yichou, Yin Zesheng. Marine erosional granite landforms on Pingtan island—with a discussion on the series study of granite landforms and its innovation[J]. Geological Review,2007,53(B08):125-131.
[23]许文彬.兴化湾内外海域晚第四纪沉积特征与环境意义[D].厦门:厦门大学,2005.Xu Wenbin. Late-quaternary sedimentary and environmental characteristics of inside and outside seas in Xinghua[D]. Xiamen:Xiamen University,2005.
[24]赵绍华.平潭岛附近海域全新世以来沉积特征及古气候变化研究[D].厦门:国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,2012.Zhao Shaohua. Research on characteristics of holocene sediment and paleoclimate changes in Pingtan island adjacent seas[D].Xiamen:Third Institute of Oceanography,State Oceanic Administration, 2012.
[25]张海峰.福建平海湾沉积动力特征与海床稳定性分析[J].应用海洋学学报,2013,32(1):36-45.Zhang Haifeng. Deposition kinetic characteristics and seabed stability analysis of Pinghai bay,Fujian[J]. Journal of Applied Oceanography,2013,32(1):36-45.