医院建筑火灾模拟及逃生分析研究与实践
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摘要
医院建筑被认为是最具建设挑战性的建筑设施,在建设过程中存在诸多不确定性因素,例如人口趋势,疾病的变化模式,技术进步和临床知识等等。其中,遇到灾害现象的建筑安全性尤为重要,医院建筑的人员复杂性、密集化、可燃物众多等特点为其增加了火灾隐患,在发生火灾时,由于其不同人员的疏散条件差异性,导致其疏散的难度很高,所以对于医院建筑可能存在的消防隐患以及建立全面可靠的防火监督很有必要。本文详细说明了大型医院建筑火灾模拟及逃生分析的技术路线,包括模型构建、通风分析、火灾模拟和疏散分析等步骤,并以某大型医院为例进行模拟分析,得出最不利通风工况、火灾发生过程温度分布云图、烟气分布云图以及各房间疏散路线等结果,通过项目研究可以为类似项目的分析提供技术路线参考。
Hospital buildings are considered to be the most challenging building facilities,and there are many uncertainties in the construction process,such as population trends,disease patterns,technological advances and clinical knowledge. Among them,the safety of buildings in the event of disasters is particularly important. The complexity,density and flammable materials of hospital buildings add to the fire hazard. In the event of fire,due to the differences in evacuation conditions of different personnel,It is very difficult to evacuate,so it is necessary to have possible fire hazards in hospital buildings and to establish comprehensive and reliable fire supervision. This paper describes in detail the technical route of building fire simulation and escape analysis in large hospitals,including model construction,ventilation analysis,fire simulation and evacuation analysis. The simulation analysis is carried out by taking a large hospital as an example to obtain the most unfavorable ventilation conditions. The results of temperature distribution cloud map,smoke distribution cloud map and evacuation route of each room in the fire process can provide technical route reference for the analysis of similar projects through project research.
Hospital buildings are considered to be the most challenging building facilities,and there are many uncertainties in the construction process,such as population trends,disease patterns,technological advances and clinical knowledge. Among them,the safety of buildings in the event of disasters is particularly important. The complexity,density and flammable materials of hospital buildings add to the fire hazard. In the event of fire,due to the differences in evacuation conditions of different personnel,It is very difficult to evacuate,so it is necessary to have possible fire hazards in hospital buildings and to establish comprehensive and reliable fire supervision. This paper describes in detail the technical route of building fire simulation and escape analysis in large hospitals,including model construction,ventilation analysis,fire simulation and evacuation analysis. The simulation analysis is carried out by taking a large hospital as an example to obtain the most unfavorable ventilation conditions. The results of temperature distribution cloud map,smoke distribution cloud map and evacuation route of each room in the fire process can provide technical route reference for the analysis of similar projects through project research.
引文
[1]孙昱,谌红杰,刘文尧.BIM技术在中南大学湘雅五医院项目中的应用[J].土木建筑工程信息技术,2018,10(5):81-89.
[2]陆扬.基于BIM的性能化分析手段在建筑防火设计中的研究与实践[J].土木建筑工程信息技术,2011,3(4):63-71.
[3]王婷,杜慕皓,唐永福,等.基于BIM的火灾模拟与安全疏散分析[J].土木建筑工程信息技术,2014,6(6):102-108.
[4]罗振敏,郝强强,程方明,等.地铁隧道火灾模拟及人员疏散研究[J].消防科学与技术,2019,38(3):363-367.
[5]姚浩伟,赖婧怡,郑远攀,等.某游泳馆消防设计分析及火灾风险评估[J].消防科学与技术,2019,38(3):311-313.
[6]田浩,钱芳.高层商业室内步行街消防设计分析[J].消防科学与技术,2019,38(3):379-381.
[7]陈柯成,谢嘉斌,姚清河.地铁站台火灾烟气扩散模拟与分析[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2019(2):15-22.
[8]许镇,任爱珠.基于Vega的建筑火场与结构火灾反应同步模拟[J].土木建筑工程信息技术,2009,1(1):63-66+71.
[9]蔡湧,赵蕾,艾安源,等.基于Anylogic的地铁站火灾人员疏散模拟及结构合理性分析[J].山西建筑,2019,45(8):208-210.
[10]谭启,王进.基于FDS的某办公楼中庭区域火灾烟气流动数值模拟分析[J].黑河学院学报,2018,9(8):215-216.
[11]朴勋,耿雪川.小型建筑火灾中人群智能疏散引导模拟研究[J].科技通报,2018,34(9):238-241+248.
[12]Jiyoung Noh,Hyun Soo Chung,Hye Mi jin,Jayoung Hur,min Ji Kim,Chan Mi Kang,Ga Hyun Lee.Tabletop Simulation Exercise of Critically Ill Patient Evacuation from a Hospital Fire[J].Prehospital and Disaster Medicine,2019,34(s1).
[13]孙超,刘月婵,王博,等.教学楼火灾蔓延及人员疏散的数值模拟[J].哈尔滨理工大学学报,2018,23(5):106-112.
[14]赵平,陈哲,杨祎.在建高层建筑火灾数值模拟分析[J].消防科学与技术,2018,37(12):1638-1641.
[15]Science-Fire Science,Studies Conducted at Wuhan University of Technology on Fire Science Recently Reported(Embedded Flame Heat Flux Method for Simulation of Quasi-steady State Vertical Flame Spread)[J].Science Letter,2019.
[16]李祥春,蒋颖,李梅生.巷道火灾时期流场及瓦斯浓度变化规律数值模拟研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2019,47(5):119-125.
[17]Serhat Bilyaz,Ofodike A.Ezekoye.Fire Smoke Transport and Opacity Reduced-Order Model(Fire-STORM):A New Computer Model for High-Rise Fire Smoke Simulations[J].Fire Technology,2019,Vol.55(3)pp.981-1012.
[18]Andreozzi Assunta,Bianco Nicola,Musto Marilena,Rotondo Giuseppe.Parametric analysis of input data on the CFDfire simulation[J].Journal of Physics:Conference Series,2019,1224(1).
[19]Xi Jiaojiao,Li Jin.imulation Study on Emergency Evacuation of Metro Stations in Fire Degradation Mode[J].Journal of Physics:Conference Series,2019,1187(5).
[2]陆扬.基于BIM的性能化分析手段在建筑防火设计中的研究与实践[J].土木建筑工程信息技术,2011,3(4):63-71.
[3]王婷,杜慕皓,唐永福,等.基于BIM的火灾模拟与安全疏散分析[J].土木建筑工程信息技术,2014,6(6):102-108.
[4]罗振敏,郝强强,程方明,等.地铁隧道火灾模拟及人员疏散研究[J].消防科学与技术,2019,38(3):363-367.
[5]姚浩伟,赖婧怡,郑远攀,等.某游泳馆消防设计分析及火灾风险评估[J].消防科学与技术,2019,38(3):311-313.
[6]田浩,钱芳.高层商业室内步行街消防设计分析[J].消防科学与技术,2019,38(3):379-381.
[7]陈柯成,谢嘉斌,姚清河.地铁站台火灾烟气扩散模拟与分析[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2019(2):15-22.
[8]许镇,任爱珠.基于Vega的建筑火场与结构火灾反应同步模拟[J].土木建筑工程信息技术,2009,1(1):63-66+71.
[9]蔡湧,赵蕾,艾安源,等.基于Anylogic的地铁站火灾人员疏散模拟及结构合理性分析[J].山西建筑,2019,45(8):208-210.
[10]谭启,王进.基于FDS的某办公楼中庭区域火灾烟气流动数值模拟分析[J].黑河学院学报,2018,9(8):215-216.
[11]朴勋,耿雪川.小型建筑火灾中人群智能疏散引导模拟研究[J].科技通报,2018,34(9):238-241+248.
[12]Jiyoung Noh,Hyun Soo Chung,Hye Mi jin,Jayoung Hur,min Ji Kim,Chan Mi Kang,Ga Hyun Lee.Tabletop Simulation Exercise of Critically Ill Patient Evacuation from a Hospital Fire[J].Prehospital and Disaster Medicine,2019,34(s1).
[13]孙超,刘月婵,王博,等.教学楼火灾蔓延及人员疏散的数值模拟[J].哈尔滨理工大学学报,2018,23(5):106-112.
[14]赵平,陈哲,杨祎.在建高层建筑火灾数值模拟分析[J].消防科学与技术,2018,37(12):1638-1641.
[15]Science-Fire Science,Studies Conducted at Wuhan University of Technology on Fire Science Recently Reported(Embedded Flame Heat Flux Method for Simulation of Quasi-steady State Vertical Flame Spread)[J].Science Letter,2019.
[16]李祥春,蒋颖,李梅生.巷道火灾时期流场及瓦斯浓度变化规律数值模拟研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2019,47(5):119-125.
[17]Serhat Bilyaz,Ofodike A.Ezekoye.Fire Smoke Transport and Opacity Reduced-Order Model(Fire-STORM):A New Computer Model for High-Rise Fire Smoke Simulations[J].Fire Technology,2019,Vol.55(3)pp.981-1012.
[18]Andreozzi Assunta,Bianco Nicola,Musto Marilena,Rotondo Giuseppe.Parametric analysis of input data on the CFDfire simulation[J].Journal of Physics:Conference Series,2019,1224(1).
[19]Xi Jiaojiao,Li Jin.imulation Study on Emergency Evacuation of Metro Stations in Fire Degradation Mode[J].Journal of Physics:Conference Series,2019,1187(5).