固硫灰渣的特性及其与现行标准的适应性
|
摘要
循环流化床燃煤固硫灰渣的量越来越大,其利用的迫切性增加,加强对固硫灰渣特性的研究和认知,建立或完善其特性表征评价体系、相关参数测试方法是重要的基础工作。在总结流化床燃煤灰渣的化学组成、矿物组成、物理特性以及其成因和影响因素的基础上,探讨了其特性表征评价体系和相关参数测试方法,并讨论了这些测试方法与现行标准的适应性与原因。依据固硫灰渣的特性,提出了更适合其火山灰活性测定的"改进水泥熟料28 d抗压强度比法",并改善了测试固硫灰渣f-CaO含量、需水量比和SO_3含量的测试方法。
The emission of fluidized bed coal combustion fly ash (FBCF) and slag (FBCS) was increasing,which maked it impressing for its recycling. Therefore,it was very important to investigate the characteristics,establish the evaluation system and the related parameters' testing methods of FBCF and FBCS. Based on the chemical compositions,mineralogical compositions,physical characteristics,and the causes and factors affecting those properties of FBCF and FBCS,the evaluation system and the testing methods of FBCF and FBCS were discussed. Meanwhile,the adaptability of the evaluation system and the testing methods with current standards was discussed. According to the characteristics of FBCF and FBCS,an improved test method was proposed,which was more accurate to determine the pozzolanic activity of FBCF and FBCS. Moreover,the testing methods of f-CaO content,the water requirement ratio and SO_3 content were improved.
The emission of fluidized bed coal combustion fly ash (FBCF) and slag (FBCS) was increasing,which maked it impressing for its recycling. Therefore,it was very important to investigate the characteristics,establish the evaluation system and the related parameters' testing methods of FBCF and FBCS. Based on the chemical compositions,mineralogical compositions,physical characteristics,and the causes and factors affecting those properties of FBCF and FBCS,the evaluation system and the testing methods of FBCF and FBCS were discussed. Meanwhile,the adaptability of the evaluation system and the testing methods with current standards was discussed. According to the characteristics of FBCF and FBCS,an improved test method was proposed,which was more accurate to determine the pozzolanic activity of FBCF and FBCS. Moreover,the testing methods of f-CaO content,the water requirement ratio and SO_3 content were improved.
引文
[1]Koukouzas N,Ketikidis C,Itskos G,et al.Synthesis of CFB-Coal fly ash clay bricks and their characterization[J].Waste&Biomass Valorization,2011,2(1):87-94.
[2]Shon C S,Mukhopadhyay A K,Saylak D,et al.Potential use of stockpiled circulating fluidized bed combustion ashes in controlled low strength material(CLSM)mixture[J].Construction&Building Materials,2010,24(5):839-847.
[3]Anthony E J,Granatstein D L.Sulfation phenomena in fluidized bed combustion systems[J].Progress in Energy&Combustion Science,2001,27(2):215-236.
[4]李建锋,郝继红,冀慧敏,等.我国循环流化床锅炉发展现状以及未来[J].中国电力,2009(1):12-16.
[5]牛茂威,谢小莉,林洲,等.磨细固硫灰渣作为混合材对水泥性能的影响[J].非金属矿,2013(3):1-3.
[6]Chen X,Yan Y,Liu Y,et al.Utilization of circulating fluidized bed fly ash for the preparation of foam concrete[J].Construction&Building Materials,2014,54(3):137-146.
[7]Xia Y,Yan Y,Hu Z.Utilization of circulating fluidized bed fly ash in preparing non-autoclaved aerated concrete production[J].Construction&Building Materials,2013,47(10):1461-1467.
[8]Shen Y,Qian J,Zhang Z.Investigations of anhydrite in CFBC fly ash as cement retarders[J].Construction&Building Materials,2013,40(3):672-678.
[9]Li X G,Chen Q B,Ma B G,et al.Utilization of modified CFBC desulfurization ash as an admixture in blended cements:physical mechanical and hydration characteristics[J].Fuel,2012,102(6):674-680.
[10]Li Q,Xu H,Fu X,et al.Effects of circulating fluidized bed combustion(CFBC)fly ashes as filler on the performances of asphalt[J].Asia-pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering,2009,4(2):226-235.
[11]杨蔚,董发勤,何平.燃煤固硫灰渣的特性及其资源化利用现状[J].粉煤灰综合利用,2013(4):50-52.
[12]Armesto L,Merino J L.Characterization of some coal combustion solid residues[J].Fuel,1999,78(5):613-618.
[13]Chen X,Gao J,Yan Y,et al.Investigation of expansion properties of cement paste with circulating fluidized bed fly ash[J].Construction&Building Materials,2017,157:1154-1162.
[14]Yao X,Zhang H,Yang H,et al.An experimental study on the primary fragmentation and attrition of limestones in a fluidized bed[J].Fuel Processing Technology,2010,91(9):1119-1124.
[15]钱觉时,张志伟,郑洪伟,等.固硫灰渣中含硫矿物的种类及分布规律[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(4):651-656.
[16]宋远明.流化床燃煤固硫灰渣水化研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2007.
[17]Chi M,Huang R.Effect of circulating fluidized bed combustion ash on the properties of roller compacted concrete[J].Cement&Concrete Composites,2014,45(1):148-156.
[18]何科文,卢忠远,李军,等.循环流化床固硫灰渣性能比较研究[J].武汉理工大学学报,2014,36(3):6-13.
[19]钱觉时,郑洪伟,宋远明,等.流化床燃煤固硫灰渣的特性[J].硅酸盐学报,2008,36(10):1396-1400.
[20]王智,钱觉时,汪宏涛.流化床燃煤固硫渣的物理特性[J].粉煤灰综合利用,2003(5):32-33.
[21]黄叶,钱觉时,王智,等.循环流化床锅炉固硫灰与煤粉锅炉粉煤灰的比较研究[J].粉煤灰综合利用,2009(3):7-9.
[22]Montagnaro F,Salatino P,Scala F.The influence of temperature on limestone sulfation and attrition under fluidized bed combustion conditions[J].Experimental Thermal&Fluid Science,2010,34(3):352-358.
[23]Li W,Xu M,Li S.Calcium sulfation characteristics at high oxygen concentration in a 1MW th pilot scale oxy-fuel circulating fluidized bed[J].Fuel Processing Technology,2018,171:192-197.
[24]郑洪伟,钱觉时,纪宪坤,等.燃煤灰渣中的硫[J].粉煤灰综合利用,2007(6):8-11.
[25]Sellaknmar K M,Conn R,Bland A.A comparison study of ACFB and PCFB ash characterristics[C].6th International Conference on Circulating Fluidized Beds,Germany,1999.
[26]宋远明,钱觉时,王志娟.流化床燃煤固硫灰渣水硬性机理研究[J].硅酸盐通报,2007,26(3):417-421.
[27]Wu Y,Anthony E J,Jia L.Steam hydration of CFBC ash and the effect of hydration conditions on reactivation[J].Fuel,2004,83(10):1357-1370.
[28]Hauser A,Eggenberger U,Peters T.Origin and characterisation of fly ashes from cellulose industries containing high proportions of free lime and anhydrite[J].Cement&Concrete Research,1999,29(10):1569-1573.
[29]高琼英,张智强.高岭石矿物高温相变过程及其火山灰活性[J].硅酸盐学报,1989,17(6):63-70.
[30]Li X G,Chen Q B,Huang K Z,et al.Cementitious properties and hydration mechanism of circulating fluidized bed combustion(CFBC)desulfurization ashes[J].Construction&Building Materials,2012,36(4):182-187.
[31]Sheng G,Li Q,Zhai J,et al.Self-cementitious properties of fly ashes from CFBC boilers co-firing coal and high-sulphur petroleum coke[J].Cement&Concrete Research,2007,37(6):871-876.
[32]Ohenoja K,Tanskanen P,Wigren V,et al.Self-hardening of fly ashes from a bubbling fluidized bed combustion of peat,forest industry residuals,and wastes[J].Fuel,2016,165:440-446.
[33]Sheng G,Li Q,Zhai J.Investigation on the hydration of CFBC fly ash[J].Fuel,2012,98(4):61-66.
[34]Freidin C.Hydration and strength development of binder based on high-calcium oil shale fly ash:partⅡ.influence of curing conditions on longterm stability[J].Cement&Concrete Research,1999,29(11):1713-1719.
[35]Iribarne J,Iribarne A,Blondin J,et al.Hydration of combustion ashes-a chemical and physical study[J].Fuel,2001,80(6):773-784.
[36]Chi M.Synthesis and characterization of mortars with circulating fluidized bed combustion fly ash and ground granulated blast-furnace slag[J].Construction&Building Materials,2016,123:565-573.
[37]Anthony E J,Bulewicz E M,Dudek K,et al.The long term behaviour of CFBC ash-water systems[J].Waste Management,2002,22(1):99-111.
[38]王志娟,宋远明,徐惠忠.固硫灰渣水化浆体中钙矾石稳定性[J].硅酸盐通报,2009,28(6):1267-1270.
[39]Jang J G,Park S M,Chung S,et al.Utilization of circulating fluidized bed combustion ash in producing controlled low-strength materials with cement or sodium carbonate as activator[J].Construction&Building Materials,2018,159:624-651.
[40]GB/T 1596-2017用于水泥和混凝土中的粉煤灰[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2017.
[41]GB/T 2847-2005用于水泥中的火山灰质混合材料[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2005.
[42]GB/T 12957-2005用于水泥混合材的工业废渣活性试验方法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2005.
[43]钱觉时,郑洪伟,王智,等.流化床燃煤固硫灰渣活性评定方法[J].煤炭学报,2006,31(4):506-510.
[44]GB/T 176-2008水泥化学分析方法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008.
[45]DL/T 498-1992粉煤灰游离氧化钙测定方法[S].北京:中国电力出版社,1992.
[46]Fu X,Li Q,Zhai J,et al.The physical-chemical characterization of mechanically-treated CFBC fly ash[J].Cement&Concrete Composites,2008,30(3):220-226.
[47]张中.乙二醇-氧化钙体系的反应动力学研究[J].中国建材科技,1990(3):1-7.
[48]Anthony E J,Jia L,Wu Y.CFBC ash hydration studies[J].Fuel,2005,84(11):1393-1397.
[2]Shon C S,Mukhopadhyay A K,Saylak D,et al.Potential use of stockpiled circulating fluidized bed combustion ashes in controlled low strength material(CLSM)mixture[J].Construction&Building Materials,2010,24(5):839-847.
[3]Anthony E J,Granatstein D L.Sulfation phenomena in fluidized bed combustion systems[J].Progress in Energy&Combustion Science,2001,27(2):215-236.
[4]李建锋,郝继红,冀慧敏,等.我国循环流化床锅炉发展现状以及未来[J].中国电力,2009(1):12-16.
[5]牛茂威,谢小莉,林洲,等.磨细固硫灰渣作为混合材对水泥性能的影响[J].非金属矿,2013(3):1-3.
[6]Chen X,Yan Y,Liu Y,et al.Utilization of circulating fluidized bed fly ash for the preparation of foam concrete[J].Construction&Building Materials,2014,54(3):137-146.
[7]Xia Y,Yan Y,Hu Z.Utilization of circulating fluidized bed fly ash in preparing non-autoclaved aerated concrete production[J].Construction&Building Materials,2013,47(10):1461-1467.
[8]Shen Y,Qian J,Zhang Z.Investigations of anhydrite in CFBC fly ash as cement retarders[J].Construction&Building Materials,2013,40(3):672-678.
[9]Li X G,Chen Q B,Ma B G,et al.Utilization of modified CFBC desulfurization ash as an admixture in blended cements:physical mechanical and hydration characteristics[J].Fuel,2012,102(6):674-680.
[10]Li Q,Xu H,Fu X,et al.Effects of circulating fluidized bed combustion(CFBC)fly ashes as filler on the performances of asphalt[J].Asia-pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering,2009,4(2):226-235.
[11]杨蔚,董发勤,何平.燃煤固硫灰渣的特性及其资源化利用现状[J].粉煤灰综合利用,2013(4):50-52.
[12]Armesto L,Merino J L.Characterization of some coal combustion solid residues[J].Fuel,1999,78(5):613-618.
[13]Chen X,Gao J,Yan Y,et al.Investigation of expansion properties of cement paste with circulating fluidized bed fly ash[J].Construction&Building Materials,2017,157:1154-1162.
[14]Yao X,Zhang H,Yang H,et al.An experimental study on the primary fragmentation and attrition of limestones in a fluidized bed[J].Fuel Processing Technology,2010,91(9):1119-1124.
[15]钱觉时,张志伟,郑洪伟,等.固硫灰渣中含硫矿物的种类及分布规律[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(4):651-656.
[16]宋远明.流化床燃煤固硫灰渣水化研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2007.
[17]Chi M,Huang R.Effect of circulating fluidized bed combustion ash on the properties of roller compacted concrete[J].Cement&Concrete Composites,2014,45(1):148-156.
[18]何科文,卢忠远,李军,等.循环流化床固硫灰渣性能比较研究[J].武汉理工大学学报,2014,36(3):6-13.
[19]钱觉时,郑洪伟,宋远明,等.流化床燃煤固硫灰渣的特性[J].硅酸盐学报,2008,36(10):1396-1400.
[20]王智,钱觉时,汪宏涛.流化床燃煤固硫渣的物理特性[J].粉煤灰综合利用,2003(5):32-33.
[21]黄叶,钱觉时,王智,等.循环流化床锅炉固硫灰与煤粉锅炉粉煤灰的比较研究[J].粉煤灰综合利用,2009(3):7-9.
[22]Montagnaro F,Salatino P,Scala F.The influence of temperature on limestone sulfation and attrition under fluidized bed combustion conditions[J].Experimental Thermal&Fluid Science,2010,34(3):352-358.
[23]Li W,Xu M,Li S.Calcium sulfation characteristics at high oxygen concentration in a 1MW th pilot scale oxy-fuel circulating fluidized bed[J].Fuel Processing Technology,2018,171:192-197.
[24]郑洪伟,钱觉时,纪宪坤,等.燃煤灰渣中的硫[J].粉煤灰综合利用,2007(6):8-11.
[25]Sellaknmar K M,Conn R,Bland A.A comparison study of ACFB and PCFB ash characterristics[C].6th International Conference on Circulating Fluidized Beds,Germany,1999.
[26]宋远明,钱觉时,王志娟.流化床燃煤固硫灰渣水硬性机理研究[J].硅酸盐通报,2007,26(3):417-421.
[27]Wu Y,Anthony E J,Jia L.Steam hydration of CFBC ash and the effect of hydration conditions on reactivation[J].Fuel,2004,83(10):1357-1370.
[28]Hauser A,Eggenberger U,Peters T.Origin and characterisation of fly ashes from cellulose industries containing high proportions of free lime and anhydrite[J].Cement&Concrete Research,1999,29(10):1569-1573.
[29]高琼英,张智强.高岭石矿物高温相变过程及其火山灰活性[J].硅酸盐学报,1989,17(6):63-70.
[30]Li X G,Chen Q B,Huang K Z,et al.Cementitious properties and hydration mechanism of circulating fluidized bed combustion(CFBC)desulfurization ashes[J].Construction&Building Materials,2012,36(4):182-187.
[31]Sheng G,Li Q,Zhai J,et al.Self-cementitious properties of fly ashes from CFBC boilers co-firing coal and high-sulphur petroleum coke[J].Cement&Concrete Research,2007,37(6):871-876.
[32]Ohenoja K,Tanskanen P,Wigren V,et al.Self-hardening of fly ashes from a bubbling fluidized bed combustion of peat,forest industry residuals,and wastes[J].Fuel,2016,165:440-446.
[33]Sheng G,Li Q,Zhai J.Investigation on the hydration of CFBC fly ash[J].Fuel,2012,98(4):61-66.
[34]Freidin C.Hydration and strength development of binder based on high-calcium oil shale fly ash:partⅡ.influence of curing conditions on longterm stability[J].Cement&Concrete Research,1999,29(11):1713-1719.
[35]Iribarne J,Iribarne A,Blondin J,et al.Hydration of combustion ashes-a chemical and physical study[J].Fuel,2001,80(6):773-784.
[36]Chi M.Synthesis and characterization of mortars with circulating fluidized bed combustion fly ash and ground granulated blast-furnace slag[J].Construction&Building Materials,2016,123:565-573.
[37]Anthony E J,Bulewicz E M,Dudek K,et al.The long term behaviour of CFBC ash-water systems[J].Waste Management,2002,22(1):99-111.
[38]王志娟,宋远明,徐惠忠.固硫灰渣水化浆体中钙矾石稳定性[J].硅酸盐通报,2009,28(6):1267-1270.
[39]Jang J G,Park S M,Chung S,et al.Utilization of circulating fluidized bed combustion ash in producing controlled low-strength materials with cement or sodium carbonate as activator[J].Construction&Building Materials,2018,159:624-651.
[40]GB/T 1596-2017用于水泥和混凝土中的粉煤灰[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2017.
[41]GB/T 2847-2005用于水泥中的火山灰质混合材料[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2005.
[42]GB/T 12957-2005用于水泥混合材的工业废渣活性试验方法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2005.
[43]钱觉时,郑洪伟,王智,等.流化床燃煤固硫灰渣活性评定方法[J].煤炭学报,2006,31(4):506-510.
[44]GB/T 176-2008水泥化学分析方法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008.
[45]DL/T 498-1992粉煤灰游离氧化钙测定方法[S].北京:中国电力出版社,1992.
[46]Fu X,Li Q,Zhai J,et al.The physical-chemical characterization of mechanically-treated CFBC fly ash[J].Cement&Concrete Composites,2008,30(3):220-226.
[47]张中.乙二醇-氧化钙体系的反应动力学研究[J].中国建材科技,1990(3):1-7.
[48]Anthony E J,Jia L,Wu Y.CFBC ash hydration studies[J].Fuel,2005,84(11):1393-1397.