从自然主义到体质健康教育——徐英超体育教育思想评析
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摘要
通过文献分析法与访谈法,阐述20世纪中国著名教育家徐英超的体育教育思想及其成因。其人生前期倾向于自然主义体育教育思想,将体育作为教育的一部分,认为体育可以帮助人们获得健康的身体、优越的体能和优良的品质。这一思想的形成与其前期的人生经历密切相关。他在童年时期通过通州协和书院与自然主义体育结缘;青年时期通过北京高等师范学校接受自然主义体育教育,并在走上工作岗位后积极予以实践;中年时期又通过美国春田学院深入接受自然主义体育的浸润。其人生后期积极倡导体质健康教育思想,强调体育是体质健康的教育。这一思想的形成与1966—1976年间青少年体质普遍下降有关,旨在唤起各级学校对体育的重视、对青少年体质健康的重视。这一思想是在前期自然主义体育教育思想的基础上融入马克思主义新因素而形成的新认识,是新时期中国学校体育思想宝库中的重要元素,对当前中国的学校体育改革仍具有一定的借鉴价值。
Through literature analysis and interview,this paper discusses the thoughts of physical education and their causes of HSU Yingchao,a well-known Chinese physical educationalist in the 20 th century. In his early life,his thought of physical education tended to be naturalistic. He considered physical education as a part of education and believed that physical education can help people obtain a healthy body,superior physical fitness,and excellent characters. The formation of his naturalistic thought was closely related to his life experience. Through Tongzhou Union College in childhood,Beijing Higher Normal School in youth,and Springfield College in middle age,he was influenced by naturalistic physical education deeper and deeper. In his latter life,he actively advocated the thought of physical health education,emphasizing that physical education is the education on physical health. The formation of this thought was due to the general deterioration of adolescents' physical health from 1966 to 1976; it aimed to arouse schools at all levels to attach importance to physical education and adolescents' physical health. As a new understanding integrated with Marxist on the basis of previous thought of naturalistic physical education,this thought played an important role in the treasure-house of Chinese school physical education thoughts in the new era and still has enlightening value to the current Chinese school physical education reform.
Through literature analysis and interview,this paper discusses the thoughts of physical education and their causes of HSU Yingchao,a well-known Chinese physical educationalist in the 20 th century. In his early life,his thought of physical education tended to be naturalistic. He considered physical education as a part of education and believed that physical education can help people obtain a healthy body,superior physical fitness,and excellent characters. The formation of his naturalistic thought was closely related to his life experience. Through Tongzhou Union College in childhood,Beijing Higher Normal School in youth,and Springfield College in middle age,he was influenced by naturalistic physical education deeper and deeper. In his latter life,he actively advocated the thought of physical health education,emphasizing that physical education is the education on physical health. The formation of this thought was due to the general deterioration of adolescents' physical health from 1966 to 1976; it aimed to arouse schools at all levels to attach importance to physical education and adolescents' physical health. As a new understanding integrated with Marxist on the basis of previous thought of naturalistic physical education,this thought played an important role in the treasure-house of Chinese school physical education thoughts in the new era and still has enlightening value to the current Chinese school physical education reform.
引文
[1]徐英超.和少年儿童谈谈体育[M]//叶圣陶,华罗庚.怎样学习得好.北京:中国青年出版社,1959.
[2]周登嵩.学校体育学[M].北京:人民体育出版社,2004.
[3]臧权,刘明哲,王瑞琼.为发展中国体育事业奋斗六十三年:记徐英超教授[C]//北京市体育文史工作委员会.北京体育文史(第4辑).北京:北京市体育文史工作委员会,1989:275-287.
[4]李权.我国开展近代体育运动的先行者和启蒙者:北京潞河中学[J].体育文化导刊,1997(3):35-37.
[5]北京高等师范学校体育专修科规程[J].福建省教育行政月刊,1917,2(4):275-276.
[6]北京高等师范学校周年概况报吿(八年七月至九年六月)[J].教育公报,1921,8(6):15-29.
[7]国立北京高等师范学校组织大纲、学则概要、学科一览及课程标准(一九二二年铅印本)[C]//李森.民国时期高等教育史料汇编(48).北京:国家图书馆出版社,2014:113-116.
[8]田增科.平凡的泥土:记北京体育学院徐英超教授从事体育教学六十年[J].新体育,1979(12):8-12.
[9]水月.本校篮球队出赛河南中学记[N].民国大学半周刊,1925-11-15(2).
[10]国立浙江大学一览(民国二十一年)[C]//王强.民国大学校史资料汇编(54).南京:凤凰出版社,2014:351,269-272.
[11]Springfield College Biennial Catalog,1934-1936[EB/OL].(2018-08-01).http://cdm16122.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p15370coll1/id/4237/rec/1.
[12]徐英超.两亿接班人的中小学体质教育需要调查研究[J].北京体育学院学报,1979(3):1-7.
[13]马克思恩格斯全集(第23卷)[M].北京:人民出版社,2006:530.
[14]二十八画生.体育之研究[J].新青年,1917,3(2):52-62.
[15]徐英超.教育工作者要切实关心学生健康[J].新体育,1978(12):5-6.
[16]万茹,莫磊,毛振明.体质教育教学实验对当今体育教学改革的启示[J].体育学刊,2015,22(3):79-84.
[2]周登嵩.学校体育学[M].北京:人民体育出版社,2004.
[3]臧权,刘明哲,王瑞琼.为发展中国体育事业奋斗六十三年:记徐英超教授[C]//北京市体育文史工作委员会.北京体育文史(第4辑).北京:北京市体育文史工作委员会,1989:275-287.
[4]李权.我国开展近代体育运动的先行者和启蒙者:北京潞河中学[J].体育文化导刊,1997(3):35-37.
[5]北京高等师范学校体育专修科规程[J].福建省教育行政月刊,1917,2(4):275-276.
[6]北京高等师范学校周年概况报吿(八年七月至九年六月)[J].教育公报,1921,8(6):15-29.
[7]国立北京高等师范学校组织大纲、学则概要、学科一览及课程标准(一九二二年铅印本)[C]//李森.民国时期高等教育史料汇编(48).北京:国家图书馆出版社,2014:113-116.
[8]田增科.平凡的泥土:记北京体育学院徐英超教授从事体育教学六十年[J].新体育,1979(12):8-12.
[9]水月.本校篮球队出赛河南中学记[N].民国大学半周刊,1925-11-15(2).
[10]国立浙江大学一览(民国二十一年)[C]//王强.民国大学校史资料汇编(54).南京:凤凰出版社,2014:351,269-272.
[11]Springfield College Biennial Catalog,1934-1936[EB/OL].(2018-08-01).http://cdm16122.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p15370coll1/id/4237/rec/1.
[12]徐英超.两亿接班人的中小学体质教育需要调查研究[J].北京体育学院学报,1979(3):1-7.
[13]马克思恩格斯全集(第23卷)[M].北京:人民出版社,2006:530.
[14]二十八画生.体育之研究[J].新青年,1917,3(2):52-62.
[15]徐英超.教育工作者要切实关心学生健康[J].新体育,1978(12):5-6.
[16]万茹,莫磊,毛振明.体质教育教学实验对当今体育教学改革的启示[J].体育学刊,2015,22(3):79-84.