基于多调频资源协调控制的西北送端大电网新能源快速频率响应参数设置方案
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摘要
自2016年开始,西北电网组织开展新能源参与送端大电网快速频率响应研究及试点试验工作。试点结果表明新能源具备参与电网快速频率响应能力,且性能优于常规电源机组。该文对西北送端大电网快速频率控制需求进行分析,提出了光伏、风电分段参与电网调频指标,按照"调频权责明晰、各类型机组协同配合"的思路,完成了基于多调频资源协调控制的西北送端大电网新能源快速频率响应参数设置方案。通过在PSASP电网稳定仿真程序完成新能源快速频率响应功能建模,完成大电网稳定仿真分析。结果表明,采用风电、光伏差异化设置方案,较好地统筹了各类型电源快速调频能力,实现各类型机组快速调频行为协同配合,有效提升了送端大电网频率安全防控水平。目前,该方案已经由西北能监局批准在西北电网正式推广应用。
Since 2016, Northwest Power Grid has organized research on rapid frequency regulation with participation of renewable energy sources and carried out pilot work at the sending end large power grid. Experimental results show that renewable energy generator has ability to participate in power grid rapid frequency regulation with performance better than that of conventional units. This paper analyzes the requirements for fast frequency control of the sending end large power grid in Northwest China, and proposes segmented participation indexes of photovoltaic and wind power in frequency regulation of power grids. In accordance with the idea of "clear responsibilities and coordination of various types of units", parameter setting of renewable energy sources for rapid frequency regulation is completed based on coordinated control of multi-frequency regulation resources in Northwest Power Grid. A renewable energy fast frequency regulation model is established with PSASP stability program and a large-scale power grid stability simulation analysis is performed. Simulation results show that the wind power and photovoltaics adopting differential rapid frequency regulation parameters can better utilize the rapid frequency regulation capability of various types of power sources, realize coordinated rapid frequency regulation of all types of units, and effectively improve frequency security prevention and control level of the sending end large power grid. At present, the program has been officially promoted and applied in the Northwest Power Grid by the Northwest Energy Regulatory Authority.
Since 2016, Northwest Power Grid has organized research on rapid frequency regulation with participation of renewable energy sources and carried out pilot work at the sending end large power grid. Experimental results show that renewable energy generator has ability to participate in power grid rapid frequency regulation with performance better than that of conventional units. This paper analyzes the requirements for fast frequency control of the sending end large power grid in Northwest China, and proposes segmented participation indexes of photovoltaic and wind power in frequency regulation of power grids. In accordance with the idea of "clear responsibilities and coordination of various types of units", parameter setting of renewable energy sources for rapid frequency regulation is completed based on coordinated control of multi-frequency regulation resources in Northwest Power Grid. A renewable energy fast frequency regulation model is established with PSASP stability program and a large-scale power grid stability simulation analysis is performed. Simulation results show that the wind power and photovoltaics adopting differential rapid frequency regulation parameters can better utilize the rapid frequency regulation capability of various types of power sources, realize coordinated rapid frequency regulation of all types of units, and effectively improve frequency security prevention and control level of the sending end large power grid. At present, the program has been officially promoted and applied in the Northwest Power Grid by the Northwest Energy Regulatory Authority.
引文
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[15]蔡杰,王东方,李春来,等.基于虚拟同步电机的单极式光伏系统控制策略[J].电力科学与工程,2016,32(2):1-7.Cai Jie,Wang Dongfang,Li Chunlai,et al.Control strategy for singlestage PV system based on vietual synchronous generator[J].Electric Power Science and Engineering,2016,32(2):1-7(in Chinese).
[16]孙骁强,刘鑫,程松,等.光伏逆变器参与西北送端大电网快速频率响应能力实测分析[J].电网技术,2017,41(9):2792-2798.Sun Xiaoqiang,Liu Xin,Cheng Song,et al.Actual measurement and analysis of fast frequency response capability of PV-Inverters in northwest power grid[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(9):2792-2798(in Chinese).
[17]孙骁强,程松,刘鑫,等.西北送端大电网频率特性试验测试方法[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(2):148-152.Sun Xiaoqiang,Cheng Song,Liu Xin,et al.Test method for the frequency characteristics of the northwest power grid[J].Power System Protection and Control,2018,42(2):148-152(in Chinese).
[18]孙骁强,高敏,刘鑫,等.风电场参与西北送端大电网频率调节的快速频率响应能力实测与分析[J].南方电网技术,2018,12(1):46-52.Sun Xiaoqiang,Gao Min,Liu Xin,et al.Actual measurement and analysis of fast response capability of wind farms participating in the frequency regulation of northwest sending-end large power grid[J].Southern Power System Technology,2018,12(1):46-52(in Chinese).
[2]刘吉臻.大规模新能源电力安全高效利用基础问题[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(16):1-8.Liu Jizhen.Basic issues of the utilization of large-scale renewable power with high security and efficiency[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(16):1-8(in Chinese).
[3]刘纯,马烁,董存,等.欧洲3·20日食对含大规模光伏发电的电网运行影响及启示[J].电网技术,2015,39(7):1765-1772.Liu Chun,Ma Shuo,Dong Cun,et al.Review and experiences of the European solar eclipse’s impact on power grid operation with significant PV generation[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(7):1765-1772(in Chinese).
[4]蒋小亮,丁岩,全少理,等.光伏渗透率对电力系统频率的影响及控制策略[J].武汉大学学报,2015,48(5):686-689.Jiang Xiaoliang,Ding Yan,Quan Shaoli,et al.Influence of photovoltaic penetration on power system frequency and its control strategy[J].Engineering Journal of Wuhan University,2015,48(5):686-689(in Chinese).
[5]陈国平,李明节,许涛,等.关于新能源发展的技术瓶颈研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(1):20-26.Chen Guoping,Li Mingjie,Xu Tao,et al.Study on technical bottleneck on new energy development[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(1):20-26(in Chinese).
[6]李明节.大规模特高压交直流混联电网特性分析与运行控制[J].电网技术,2016,40(4):985-999.Li Mingjie.Characteristic analysis and operational control of largescale hybrid UHV AC/DC power grids[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(4):985-999(in Chinese).
[7]刘巨,姚伟,文劲宇,等.大规模风电参与系统频率调整的技术展望[J].电网技术,2014,38(3):638-646.Liu Ju,Yao Wei,Wen Jinyu,et al.Prospect of technology for largeScale wind farm particupating into power grid frequency regulation[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(3):638-646(in Chinese).
[8]赵强,张丽,王琦,等.系统负荷频率特性对电网频率稳定性的影响[J].电网技术,2011,35(3):69-73.Zhao Qiang,Zhang Li,Wang Qi,et al.Impact of load frequency characteristics on frequency stability of power systems[J].Power System Technology,2011,35(3):69-73(in Chinese).
[9]陈世慧,阮大兵.光伏发电有功功率预测及其在电网频率控制中的应用[J].电力系统保护与控制,2013,41(20):125-129.Chen Shihui,Ruan Dabing.Prediction of photovoltaic power and its application in power grid frequency control[J].Power System Protection and Control,2013,41(20):125-129(in Chinese).
[10]刘云,卢泽汉,章雷其,等.光伏发电系统与可投切负荷协调控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(13):10-16.Liu Yun,Lu Zehan,Zhang Leiqi,et al.A Coordinated control strategy for photovoltaic systems and controllable loads[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(13):10-16(in Chinese).
[11]麻常辉,潘志远,刘超男,等.基于自适应下垂控制的风光储微网调频研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(23):21-27.Ma Changhui,Pan Zhiyuan,Liu Chaonan,et al.Frequency regulation research of wind-PV-ES hybrid micro0-grid system based on adaptive droop control[J].Power System Protection and Control,2015,43(23):21-27(in Chinese).
[12]米阳,王成山.基于负荷估计的光柴独立微网频率优化控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(34):115-121.Mi Yang,Wang Chengshan.Frequency optimization control for isolated photovoltaic-diesel hybrid microgrid based on load estimation[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(34):115-121(in Chinese).
[13]李明德,夏向阳,王锦泷,等.基于分布式电源的电网电压和频率控制优化[J].中国电力,2016,49(4):166-169.Li Mingde,Xia Xiangyang,Wang Jinlong,et al.Voltage and frequency control optimization for distributed generation based grid[J].Electric Power,2016,49(4):166-169(in Chinese).
[14]赵晶晶,吕雪,符杨,等.基于可变系数的双馈风机虚拟惯量与超速控制协调的风光柴微电网频率调节技术[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(5):59-68.Zhao Jingjing,Lv Xue,Fu Yang,et al.Frequency regulations of the wind/photovoltaic/diesel microgrid based on DFIC cooperative strategy with variable coefficients between virtual inertia and overspeed control[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(5):59-68(in Chinese).
[15]蔡杰,王东方,李春来,等.基于虚拟同步电机的单极式光伏系统控制策略[J].电力科学与工程,2016,32(2):1-7.Cai Jie,Wang Dongfang,Li Chunlai,et al.Control strategy for singlestage PV system based on vietual synchronous generator[J].Electric Power Science and Engineering,2016,32(2):1-7(in Chinese).
[16]孙骁强,刘鑫,程松,等.光伏逆变器参与西北送端大电网快速频率响应能力实测分析[J].电网技术,2017,41(9):2792-2798.Sun Xiaoqiang,Liu Xin,Cheng Song,et al.Actual measurement and analysis of fast frequency response capability of PV-Inverters in northwest power grid[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(9):2792-2798(in Chinese).
[17]孙骁强,程松,刘鑫,等.西北送端大电网频率特性试验测试方法[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(2):148-152.Sun Xiaoqiang,Cheng Song,Liu Xin,et al.Test method for the frequency characteristics of the northwest power grid[J].Power System Protection and Control,2018,42(2):148-152(in Chinese).
[18]孙骁强,高敏,刘鑫,等.风电场参与西北送端大电网频率调节的快速频率响应能力实测与分析[J].南方电网技术,2018,12(1):46-52.Sun Xiaoqiang,Gao Min,Liu Xin,et al.Actual measurement and analysis of fast response capability of wind farms participating in the frequency regulation of northwest sending-end large power grid[J].Southern Power System Technology,2018,12(1):46-52(in Chinese).