不锈钢/碳钢热静压复合中表面形貌对界面变形及复合质量的影响
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摘要
双金属受压变形复合过程中表面形貌是影响其界面变形行为及结合质量的重要因素。针对AISI304不锈钢与Q235A碳钢,通过车削加工制备3种具有不同表面微观形貌的圆柱型试样组,在真空条件下实现该两种金属的热静压复合后,利用无损检测技术测定界面复合率、单轴拉伸破坏试验测定复合材料的强度,并在其复合区域取样,利用扫描电镜观察接触界面轮廓的几何特征,分析复合过程中界面变形规律及对复合质量的影响;基于商业有限元软件模拟分析复合过程接触表面粗糙峰变形,研究表面微观形貌对复合过程的影响机制。结果表明,表面微观形貌对热静压复合过程中界面的变形和复合质量影响显著;在复合过程中,较硬的不锈钢粗糙峰几乎无变形地嵌入进碳钢基体内,而较软的碳钢粗糙峰则明显被压扁变平;此外,不锈钢和碳钢试样在复合前通过表面预处理获得的不同粗糙度对于复合质量具有相反的影响作用,不锈钢表面越粗糙越有利于复合,碳钢表面越光滑越有利于复合;不锈钢侧界面粗糙度增大和碳钢侧界面粗糙度减小,都可以使得界面两侧金属相对滑动减小、界面间接触应力增大,从而提高了界面复合质量。
Surface morphology is an important factor affecting the interface deformation behavior and bonding quality of bimetals during deformation bonding process. In order to study the deformation laws of different surface micromorphology and its effect on the bonding quality during deformation bonding process, three kinds of AISI 304 stainless steel and Q235A carbon steel cylindrical specimen with different surface micromorphology are prepared by turning. After bonding the two kinds of metal in vacuum, the interfacial bonding quality of composites are characterized by tensile failure strength and interfacial bonding rate and the geometrical characteristics of the contact interface contour are analyzed by microscopic observation. Based on the commercial finite element software, the deformation process of the surface roughness peak during the deformation process is simulated and analyzed. The results show that the surface roughness has a significant effect on the deformation and bonding quality of the interface. The deformation forms of rough peaks of stainless steel and carbon steel are different during the static pressure composite process. The rough peaks of harder stainless steel are embedded in the carbon steel almost without deformation, while the rough peaks of softer carbon steel are obviously flattened. As the roughness of stainless steel increases and the roughness of carbon steel decreases, the relative sliding of the metal on both sides of the interface decreases and the contact pressure per unit area increases because of the pinning of the surface roughness of the stainless steel surface to the surface of the carbon steel, resulting in the improve of interfacial bonding quality.
Surface morphology is an important factor affecting the interface deformation behavior and bonding quality of bimetals during deformation bonding process. In order to study the deformation laws of different surface micromorphology and its effect on the bonding quality during deformation bonding process, three kinds of AISI 304 stainless steel and Q235A carbon steel cylindrical specimen with different surface micromorphology are prepared by turning. After bonding the two kinds of metal in vacuum, the interfacial bonding quality of composites are characterized by tensile failure strength and interfacial bonding rate and the geometrical characteristics of the contact interface contour are analyzed by microscopic observation. Based on the commercial finite element software, the deformation process of the surface roughness peak during the deformation process is simulated and analyzed. The results show that the surface roughness has a significant effect on the deformation and bonding quality of the interface. The deformation forms of rough peaks of stainless steel and carbon steel are different during the static pressure composite process. The rough peaks of harder stainless steel are embedded in the carbon steel almost without deformation, while the rough peaks of softer carbon steel are obviously flattened. As the roughness of stainless steel increases and the roughness of carbon steel decreases, the relative sliding of the metal on both sides of the interface decreases and the contact pressure per unit area increases because of the pinning of the surface roughness of the stainless steel surface to the surface of the carbon steel, resulting in the improve of interfacial bonding quality.
引文
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[2]KNEZEVIC M,JAHEDI M,KORKOLIS Y P,et al.Material-based design of the extrusion of bimetallic tubes[J].Computational Materials Science,2014,95:63-73.
[3]LUO Z A,WANG G L,XIE G M,et al.Interfacial microstructure and properties of a vacuum hot roll-bonded titanium-stainless steel clad plate with a niobium interlayer[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2013,26(6):754-760.
[4]祖国胤,李红斌,李兵,等.高频电流在线加热对不锈钢/碳钢复合带组织与性能的影响[J].金属学报,2007,43(10):1048-1052.ZU Guoyin,LI Hongbin,LI Bing,et al.Effect of high-frequency current heating online process on microstructures and mechanical property of stainless steel/carbon steel cladding strip[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2007,43(10):1048-1052.
[5]CHEN L,YANG Z,JHA B,et al.Clad metals,roll bonding and their applications for SOFC interconnects[J].Journal of Power Sources,2005,152(1):40-45.
[6]RONG J H,HONG X,XIANG G Y,et al.Research on finishing rolling force model for hot rolling wide and heavy stainless steel clad sheets[J].Applied Mechanics&Materials,2014,488:213-216.
[7]KAS Y O,KAYNAK C.Ultrasonic(C-scan)and microscopic evaluation of resin transfer molded epoxy composite plates[J].Polymer Testing,2005,24(1):114-120.
[8]WANG A,OHASHI O,UENO K.Effect of surface asperity on diffusion bonding[J].Materials Transactions,2006,47:179-184.
[9]ZHANG G,CHANDEL R S.Effect of surface roughness on the diffusion bonding of Incoloy MA 956[J].Journal of Materials Science,2005,40(7):1793-1796.
[10]WANG Z C,RIDLEY N,LORIMER G W,et al.Evaluation of diffusion bonds formed between superplastic sheet materials[J].Journal of Materials Science,1996,31(19):5199-5206.
[11]ISLAM M F,RIDLEY N.Isostatic diffusion bonding of a microduplex stainless steel[J].Scripta Materialia,1998,38(8):1187-1193.
[12]ZHANG C,LI H,LI M.Role of surface finish on interface grain boundary migration in vacuum diffusion bonding[J].Vacuum,2017,137:49-55.
[13]SHAO X,GUO X,HAN Y,et al.Characterization of the diffusion bonding behavior of pure Ti and Ni with different surface roughness during hot pressing[J].Materials&Design,2015,65:1001-1010.
[14]LI H,LI M Q,KANG P J.Void shrinking process and mechanisms of the diffusion bonded Ti-6Al-4V alloy with different surface roughness[J].Applied Physics A,2016,122(1):1-8.
[15]LIU J,LI M,SHEU S,et al.Macro-and micro-surface engineering to improve hot roll bonding of aluminum plate and sheet[J].Materials Science&Engineering A,2008,479(1):45-57.
[16]KIM S H,KIM H W,EUH K,et al.Effect of wire brushing on warm roll bonding of 6XXX/5XXX/6XXXaluminum alloy clad sheets[J].Materials&Design,2012,35:290-295.
[17]王强.不锈钢/铝/不锈钢复合板的性能研究与轧制工艺优化[D].太原:太原理工大学,2011.WANG Qiang.Studies on properties and process optimization of stainless steel/aluminum/stainless steel laminated sheet[D].Taiyuan:Taiyuan University of Technology,2011.
[18]MEHR V Y,TOROGHINEJAD M R,REZAEIAN A.The effects of oxide film and annealing treatment on the bond strength of Al-Cu strips in cold roll bonding process[J].Materials&Design,2014,53:174-181.
[19]EBBERT C,SCHMIDT H C,RODMAN D,et al.Joining with electrochemical support(ECUF):Cold pressure welding of copper[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2014,214(10):2179-2187.
[20]王艳松,李文亚,杨夏炜,等.冷压焊界面结合机理与结合强度研究现状[J].材料工程,2016,44(4):119-130.WANG Yansong,LI Wenya,YANG Xiayi,et al.Research status on interface bonding mechanisms and strength of cold pressure welding[J].Journal of Materials Engineering,2016,44(4):119-130.
[21]AKRAMIFARD H R,MIRZADEH H,PARSA M H.Cladding of aluminum on AISI 304L stainless steel by cold roll bonding:Mechanism,microstructure,and mechanical properties[J].Materials Science&Engineering A,2014,613:232-239.
[22]TANG C,LIU Z,ZHOU D,et al.Surface treatment with the cold roll bonding process for an aluminum alloy and mild steel[J].Strength of Materials,2015,47(1):150-155.
[23]GAO C,LI L,CHEN X,et al.The effect of surface preparation on the bond strength of Al-St strips in CRBprocess[J].Materials&Design,2016,107:205-211.
[24]JAMAATI R,TOROGHINEJAD M R.The role of surface preparation parameters on cold roll bonding of aluminum strips[J].Journal of Materials Engineering&Performance,2011,20(2):191-197.