3种人工鱼礁模型对黑棘鲷的诱集效果研究
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摘要
为研究箱体礁(M1型)、三角形礁(M2型)、框架礁(M3型) 3种不同构造的人工鱼礁对黑棘鲷(Sparus macrocephlus)的诱集效果,通过室内模拟试验观察了不同人工鱼礁模型对黑棘鲷的活动和分布影响。结果表明:未放置人工鱼礁模型时,黑棘鲷随机分布于各试验区域;放置的3种人工鱼礁模型对黑棘鲷均具有一定的诱集效果,其中以有效空间最大、遮蔽效果最好的M1型人工鱼礁模型对黑棘鲷的诱集效果最佳; M2、M3型人工鱼礁模型对黑棘鲷的诱集效果随着礁体模型有效空间、遮蔽效果的减弱而逐渐降低,但数值分析结果表明,3种人工鱼礁模型对黑棘鲷的诱集效果之间不存在显著性差异(P> 0. 05)。3种鱼礁对黑棘鲷的诱集效果差异可能由礁体模型的构造差异和黑棘鲷的习性共同决定。
In order to reduce the fishing pressure and restore the piscatorial resources that have already ebbed,the development of artificial reefs has sprung up vigorously. Artificial reefs can not only provide shelter for fishery resources but also improve aquatic environment,which helps to protect and enhance fishery resource stocks. Considering the above functions of artificial reefs,it is very necessary to study the attractive effects and mechanisms of artificial reefs. However,due to differences in water depth,ocean current,substratum and other sea environment factors,different types of artificial reefs are needed in different regions.It is a major evaluation tool to assess the effects of artificial reefs by simulation experiments in laboratory. To observe the attractive effects of three artificial reef models for Sparus macrocephlus, the behavior and distribution of S. macrocephlus was observed through experiments in laboratory. The results showed that the distribution of S. macrocephlus scattered randomly when the artificial reef models did not exist,and all the artificial reef models showed attractive effects on S. macrocephlus when they were put in the test region. The M1 artificial reef models,which had the maximal effective space and screening effects among three artificial reef models,showed the best attraction to S. macrocephlus. In addition,the attractive effects of M2 and M3 on S. macrocephlus were decreased due to their smaller effective space and screening effects. However,numerical analysis results showed no significant difference among three artificial reef models( P > 0. 05). The results suggested that the attractive effects of three artificial reef models for S. macrocephlus were determined by both different structures of artificial reef models and habits of S. macrocephlus. This thesis may offer some scientific information for the development of artificial reefs in the future.
In order to reduce the fishing pressure and restore the piscatorial resources that have already ebbed,the development of artificial reefs has sprung up vigorously. Artificial reefs can not only provide shelter for fishery resources but also improve aquatic environment,which helps to protect and enhance fishery resource stocks. Considering the above functions of artificial reefs,it is very necessary to study the attractive effects and mechanisms of artificial reefs. However,due to differences in water depth,ocean current,substratum and other sea environment factors,different types of artificial reefs are needed in different regions.It is a major evaluation tool to assess the effects of artificial reefs by simulation experiments in laboratory. To observe the attractive effects of three artificial reef models for Sparus macrocephlus, the behavior and distribution of S. macrocephlus was observed through experiments in laboratory. The results showed that the distribution of S. macrocephlus scattered randomly when the artificial reef models did not exist,and all the artificial reef models showed attractive effects on S. macrocephlus when they were put in the test region. The M1 artificial reef models,which had the maximal effective space and screening effects among three artificial reef models,showed the best attraction to S. macrocephlus. In addition,the attractive effects of M2 and M3 on S. macrocephlus were decreased due to their smaller effective space and screening effects. However,numerical analysis results showed no significant difference among three artificial reef models( P > 0. 05). The results suggested that the attractive effects of three artificial reef models for S. macrocephlus were determined by both different structures of artificial reef models and habits of S. macrocephlus. This thesis may offer some scientific information for the development of artificial reefs in the future.
引文
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[12]何大仁,丁云.鱼礁模型对赤点石斑鱼的诱集效果[J].台湾海峡,1995,14(4):394-398.HE D R,DING Y. Gathering effect of artificial reef model on garrupa(Einephelus akaara)[J]. Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait,1995,14(4):394-398.
[13]何大仁,施养明.鱼礁模型对黑鲷的诱集效果[J].厦门大学学报(自然版),1995,34(4):653-658.HE D R,SHI Y M. Attraetive effect of fish reef model on black porgy(Sparus macrocephalus)[J].Journal of Xiamen University(Natural Science),1995,34(4):653-658.
[14]周艳波,蔡文贵,陈海刚,等. 10种人工鱼礁模型对黑鲷幼鱼的诱集效果[J],水产学报,2011,35(5):711-718.ZHOU Y B, CAI W G, CHEN H G, et al.Attraction effect of various artificial reef models on Sparus macrocephalus[J]. Journal of Fisheries of China,2011,35(5):711-718.
[15]王淼.黑鲷、真鲷幼鱼对人工鱼礁结构间距选择性的实验研究[D].上海海洋大学,2010.WANG M. Experimental study on the juvenile Sparidaes’s selectivity to different structural space of artificial reef[D]. Shanghai Ocean University,2010.
[16]倪勇,伍汉霖.江苏鱼类志[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2006.NI Y,WU H L. Fishes of Jiangsu province[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2006.
[2]许思思.人为影响下渤海渔业资源的衰退机制[D].中国科学院研究生院,中国科学院大学,2011.XU S S. Decline mechanisms of fishery resources in the Bohai Sea under anthropogenic activities[D].University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2011.
[3]陈勇,于长清,张国胜,等.人工鱼礁的环境功能与集鱼效果[J].大连海洋大学学报,2002,17(1):64-69.CHEN Y, YU C Q, ZHANG G S, et al. The environmental function and fish gather effect of artificial reefs[J]. Journal of Dalian Fisheries University,2002,17(1):64-69.
[4] BOHNSACK J A. Are high densities of fishes at artificial reefs the result of habitat limitation or behavioral preference?[J]. Bulletin of Marine Science,1989,44(2):631-645.
[5] FUJITA T,KITAGAWA D,OKUYAMA Y,et al.Comparison of fish assemblages among an artificial reef,a natural reef and a sandy-mud bottom site on the shelf off Iwate, northern Japan[J].Environmental Biology of Fishes,1996,46(4):351-364.
[6] OGAWA Y. Experiments on the attractiveness of artificial reefs for marine fishes-VIII[J]. Japanese Journal of Fisheries,1968,34(3):169-176.
[7] WALKER B K,HENDERSON B,SPIELER R E.Fish assemblages associated with artificial reefs of concrete aggregates or quarry stone offshore Miami Beach, Florida, USA[J]. Aquatic Living Resources,2002,15(2):95-105.
[8] MASUDA R,SHIBA M,YAMASHITA Y,et al.Fish assemblages associated with three types of artificial reefs:density of assemblages and possible impacts on adjacent fish abundance[J]. Fishery Bulletin,2010,108(2):162-173.
[9]王宏,陈丕茂,李辉权,等.澄海莱芜人工鱼礁区集鱼效果初步评价[J].南方水产科学,2008,4(6):63-69.WANG H,CHEN P M,LI H Q,et al. Preliminary evaluation on fish-aggregating effects of artificial reefs in Chenghai coast,Guangdong,China[J].South China Fisheries Science,2008,4(6):63-69.
[10]吴静,张硕,孙满昌,等.不同结构的人工礁模型对牙鲆的诱集效果初探[J].海洋渔业,2004,26(4):271-276.WU J,ZHANG S,SUN M C,et al. Experiment on the distribution of different artificial reef models for Paralichthys olivaceus[J]. Marine Fisheries,2004,26(4):271-276.
[11]陈勇,刘晓丹,吴晓郁,等.不同结构模型礁对许氏平鲉幼鱼的诱集效果[J].大连海洋大学学报,2006,21(2):153-157.CHEN Y,LIU X D,WU X Y,et al. Distribution of schlegel’s rockfish(Sebastes schlegeli Hilgendorf)in different artificial reef models[J]. Journal of Dalian Fisheries University,2006,21(2):153-157.
[12]何大仁,丁云.鱼礁模型对赤点石斑鱼的诱集效果[J].台湾海峡,1995,14(4):394-398.HE D R,DING Y. Gathering effect of artificial reef model on garrupa(Einephelus akaara)[J]. Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait,1995,14(4):394-398.
[13]何大仁,施养明.鱼礁模型对黑鲷的诱集效果[J].厦门大学学报(自然版),1995,34(4):653-658.HE D R,SHI Y M. Attraetive effect of fish reef model on black porgy(Sparus macrocephalus)[J].Journal of Xiamen University(Natural Science),1995,34(4):653-658.
[14]周艳波,蔡文贵,陈海刚,等. 10种人工鱼礁模型对黑鲷幼鱼的诱集效果[J],水产学报,2011,35(5):711-718.ZHOU Y B, CAI W G, CHEN H G, et al.Attraction effect of various artificial reef models on Sparus macrocephalus[J]. Journal of Fisheries of China,2011,35(5):711-718.
[15]王淼.黑鲷、真鲷幼鱼对人工鱼礁结构间距选择性的实验研究[D].上海海洋大学,2010.WANG M. Experimental study on the juvenile Sparidaes’s selectivity to different structural space of artificial reef[D]. Shanghai Ocean University,2010.
[16]倪勇,伍汉霖.江苏鱼类志[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2006.NI Y,WU H L. Fishes of Jiangsu province[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2006.
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