不同颜色粘虫板及性诱捕器对枣园绿盲蝽的诱集效果
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摘要
【目的】观察不同颜色粘虫板与性诱捕器对枣园绿盲蝽的诱集效果。【方法】于2017年6月下旬至10月上旬使用4种不同颜色粘虫板对枣园内不同样地不同方位的绿盲蝽进行诱集,并使用性信息素诱捕器调查绿盲蝽的时间动态变化。【结果】绿色和黄色粘虫板诱集效果最好,蓝色次之,黑色最差;全年中6月下旬、10月上旬诱虫量最多,7月下旬与8月诱虫量最少;枣树样地中间位置的绿盲蝽种群数量多于边缘。【结论】多因素方差分析表明粘虫板颜色(p <0.000 1)、悬挂方位(p <0.000 1)、悬挂样地(p=0.004 3)对绿盲蝽诱虫效果有极显著影响,且粘虫板的颜色与悬挂方位间具有极显著交互作用(p <0.000 1),悬挂样地、方位与粘虫板颜色间无显著交互作用(p=0.071 2)。研究结果表明了粘虫板对枣园绿盲蝽有明显的防治效果,为实际生产中枣园绿盲蝽的综合防治提供了科学依据。
【Objective】Apolygus lucorum Meyer-Dür(Hemiptera: Miridae) is the main pest of cotton in the past, but it has gradually transferred to other crops in recent years.‘Lingwu Jujube'is an excellent fresh-eating jujube with local characteristics in Ningxia. With the annual increase of cultivation area and the change of modern management mode, the damage area caused by A. lucorum is gradually expanding, and the damage degree is increasing rapidly. At present, chemical control is the main measure to control A. lucorum in jujube orchards, but it is difficult to control its population by chemical control alone because of its strong diffusivity, serious overlap of generations and quick action. Therefore, it is particularly urgent to adopt other green prevention and control measures. As an effective physical means of pest control and population monitoring, sticky cards have the advantages of simplicity, friendly environment and high efficiency. At present, it has been widely used in greenhouses to control aphids, whiteflies, thrips and other pests. Insect sex pheromone trap is used based on the principle of synthetic sex pheromone to attract the opposite sex insect. It has the characteristics of high specificity,high sensitivity and no harm to natural enemies. Recently, most of the studies on the trapping of A. lucorum by sticky cards mainly focus on cotton, grape, corn, sunflower and other economic crops. And studies on jujube orchards have not been reported. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the temporal dynamics of the damage caused by A. lucorum in Ningxia, to evaluate the trapping effect of four-color sticky cards on orientation and field blocks of A. lucorum in jujube orchards, and to provide a scientific basis for comprehensive prevention of A. lucorum in the actual production.【Methods】Four types of sticky cards with different colors(green, yellow, blue, black) were compared in different direction(east, south, west, north and central) and different field(block A and B) of jujube orchards during late June to early October in 2017. There were three replications for each color treatment, and a total of 120 sticky cards were hung in two sample plots. The sticky cards were arranged randomly on the branches of jujube trees with sparse leaves. The sticky cards were hung 2-2.5 m above ground and the interval between the cards was 6 m apart, and the trapped insects were checked once in every 3 days and the sticky cards were replaced once in 10 days. The sex pheromone traps were used to investigate the temporal dynamics of the A. lucorum. Seventy-five sex pheromone traps were evenly suspended on a chessboard in 1 hm2 jujube field. Sex traps were suspended on the branches of jujube trees with sparse leaves. The height of the traps was 2-2.5 m. The traps were investigated every 3 days and the collecting insect barrels were replaced every 10 days.【Results】The trapped insect numbers on green and yellow sticky cards in plot A(F=19.62, p = 0.0005) and plot B(F=19.62, p = 0.000 5) were higher than that on blue and black cards, and there was no significant difference between the green and yellow cards. The yellow(F=4.97, p = 0.018 2) and green(F=9.19, p = 0.002 2) cards attracted more insects than blue and black ones in any direction. The variation trend of the number of trapped insects by sticky cards and sex pheromone traps was basically the same. The most numbers of A. lucorum were trapped in the late June and early October, and only a few were trapped in late July and August. The number of insects trapped in the central area was more than that at the edge of the field.【Conclusion】Multi-way ANOVA analysis showed that trapped numbers of A. lucorum were significantly influenced by the different color(p <0.000 1), direction(p < 0.000 1) and field(p = 0.004 3), and there was a significant interaction between color and direction of sticky cards, but there was no significant interaction between field and color and direction. The sticky cards and sex pheromone traps were simple, environment-friendly and efficient tools for controlling A. lucorum, which were worthy to apply widely. Therefore, the following points should be paid attention to in the control of A. lucorum in jujube orchards. Early summer and early autumn in Ningxia region are the critical period for A. lucorum to damage jujube orchards. Green and yellow are the best color boards for controlling A. lucorum. When sticky cards are used, it is necessary to arrange the appropriate color, reasonable density, and suitable time according to the type of field vegetation, microclimate and surrounding non-crop habitat.
【Objective】Apolygus lucorum Meyer-Dür(Hemiptera: Miridae) is the main pest of cotton in the past, but it has gradually transferred to other crops in recent years.‘Lingwu Jujube'is an excellent fresh-eating jujube with local characteristics in Ningxia. With the annual increase of cultivation area and the change of modern management mode, the damage area caused by A. lucorum is gradually expanding, and the damage degree is increasing rapidly. At present, chemical control is the main measure to control A. lucorum in jujube orchards, but it is difficult to control its population by chemical control alone because of its strong diffusivity, serious overlap of generations and quick action. Therefore, it is particularly urgent to adopt other green prevention and control measures. As an effective physical means of pest control and population monitoring, sticky cards have the advantages of simplicity, friendly environment and high efficiency. At present, it has been widely used in greenhouses to control aphids, whiteflies, thrips and other pests. Insect sex pheromone trap is used based on the principle of synthetic sex pheromone to attract the opposite sex insect. It has the characteristics of high specificity,high sensitivity and no harm to natural enemies. Recently, most of the studies on the trapping of A. lucorum by sticky cards mainly focus on cotton, grape, corn, sunflower and other economic crops. And studies on jujube orchards have not been reported. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the temporal dynamics of the damage caused by A. lucorum in Ningxia, to evaluate the trapping effect of four-color sticky cards on orientation and field blocks of A. lucorum in jujube orchards, and to provide a scientific basis for comprehensive prevention of A. lucorum in the actual production.【Methods】Four types of sticky cards with different colors(green, yellow, blue, black) were compared in different direction(east, south, west, north and central) and different field(block A and B) of jujube orchards during late June to early October in 2017. There were three replications for each color treatment, and a total of 120 sticky cards were hung in two sample plots. The sticky cards were arranged randomly on the branches of jujube trees with sparse leaves. The sticky cards were hung 2-2.5 m above ground and the interval between the cards was 6 m apart, and the trapped insects were checked once in every 3 days and the sticky cards were replaced once in 10 days. The sex pheromone traps were used to investigate the temporal dynamics of the A. lucorum. Seventy-five sex pheromone traps were evenly suspended on a chessboard in 1 hm2 jujube field. Sex traps were suspended on the branches of jujube trees with sparse leaves. The height of the traps was 2-2.5 m. The traps were investigated every 3 days and the collecting insect barrels were replaced every 10 days.【Results】The trapped insect numbers on green and yellow sticky cards in plot A(F=19.62, p = 0.0005) and plot B(F=19.62, p = 0.000 5) were higher than that on blue and black cards, and there was no significant difference between the green and yellow cards. The yellow(F=4.97, p = 0.018 2) and green(F=9.19, p = 0.002 2) cards attracted more insects than blue and black ones in any direction. The variation trend of the number of trapped insects by sticky cards and sex pheromone traps was basically the same. The most numbers of A. lucorum were trapped in the late June and early October, and only a few were trapped in late July and August. The number of insects trapped in the central area was more than that at the edge of the field.【Conclusion】Multi-way ANOVA analysis showed that trapped numbers of A. lucorum were significantly influenced by the different color(p <0.000 1), direction(p < 0.000 1) and field(p = 0.004 3), and there was a significant interaction between color and direction of sticky cards, but there was no significant interaction between field and color and direction. The sticky cards and sex pheromone traps were simple, environment-friendly and efficient tools for controlling A. lucorum, which were worthy to apply widely. Therefore, the following points should be paid attention to in the control of A. lucorum in jujube orchards. Early summer and early autumn in Ningxia region are the critical period for A. lucorum to damage jujube orchards. Green and yellow are the best color boards for controlling A. lucorum. When sticky cards are used, it is necessary to arrange the appropriate color, reasonable density, and suitable time according to the type of field vegetation, microclimate and surrounding non-crop habitat.
引文
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[2]刘涛.天津地区枣树绿盲蝽的发生规律及防治措施研究[D].天津:天津农学院,2010.LIU Tao.Studies on occurrence and control measures of Lygus lucorum Meyer in jujube in Tianjin region[D].Tianjin:Tianjin Agricultural College,2010.
[3]魏书艳,肖留斌,谭永安,赵洪霞,柏立新.不同寄主受绿盲蝽危害后生理代谢指标的变化[J].植物保护学报,2010,37(4):359-364.WEI Shuyan,XIAO Liubin,TAN Yongan,ZHAO Hongxia,BAILixin.Changes of physiological indices of host plants infested by Lygus lucorum Meyer-Dür(Hemiptera:Miridae)[J].Journal of Plant Protection,2010,37(4):359-364.
[4]高勇,门兴元,于毅,周洪旭.绿盲蝽危害后枣、桃、樱桃、葡萄叶片生理代谢指标的变化[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(22):4627-4634.GAO Yong,MEN Xingyuan,YU Yi,ZHOU Hongxu.Changes of physiological indexes of jujube,peach,cherry and grape leaves damaged by Apolygus lucorum in Northern China[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2012,45(22):4627-4634.
[5]陆宴辉,吴孔明.棉花盲椿象及其防治[M].北京:金盾出版社,2008.LU Yanhui,WU Kongming.The cotton mirids and its control[M].Beijing:Golden Shield Press,2008.
[6]高成龙,杜凯名,王胜梅,张连生,马云波,陆鹏飞,骆有庆.沙棘木蠹蛾成虫种群发生动态与性诱剂诱捕剂监测技术[J].应用昆虫学报,2017,54(6):971-977.GAO Chenglong,DU Kaiming,WANG Shengmei,ZHANG Liansheng,MA Yunbo,LU Pengfei,LUO Youqing.Population dynamics of Eogystia hippophaecolus in Liaoning province[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,2017,54(6):971-977.
[7]傅建炜,徐敦明,吴玮,尤民生.不同蔬菜害虫对色彩的趋性差异[J].昆虫知识,2005,42(5):532-533.FU Jianwei,XU Dunming,WU Wei,You Minsheng.Preference of different vegetable insect pests to color[J].Entomological Knowledge,2005,42(5):532-533.
[8]HODDLEA M S,ROBINSONA L,MORGANB D.Attraction of thrips(Thysanoptera:Thripidae and Aeolothripidae)to colored sticky cards in a California avocado orchard[J].Crop Protection,2002,21(5):383-388.
[9]胡小敏,王云虎,林星华,陈太春,安德荣,雷仲仁.蚜虫对不同色卡敏感性及对不同波长黄色粘虫板趋性[J].西北农业学报,2011,20(9):190-193.HU Xiaomin,WANG Yunhu,LIN Xinghua,CHEN Taichun,ANDerong,LEI Zhongren.Preference of aphids to different color sticky cards and different wavelengths of yellow sticky boards[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,2011,20(9):190-193.
[10]WU K M,LU Y H,FENG H Q,JIANG Y Y,ZHAO J Z.Suppression of cotton bollworm in multiple crops in China in areas with Bt toxin-containing cotton[J].Science,2008,321(5896):1676-1678.
[11]宋海燕,李丽莉,王凤月,门兴元.不同颜色粘虫板对棉田绿盲蝽、中黑盲蝽和赤须盲蝽的诱集效果[J].植物保护学报,2016,43(5):713-721.SONG Haiyan,LI Lili,WANG Fengyue,MEN Xingyuan.Trapping effects of different colored sticky cards to mirids Apolygus lucorum,Adelphocoris suturalis and Trigonotylus ruficonis in cotton fields[J].Journal of Plant Protection,2016,43(5):713-721.
[12]朱丽娜.不同颜色粘虫板诱捕绿盲蝽的效果[J].河北果树,2016(6):10-12.ZHU Lina.Trapping effects of the different color sticky cards on Apolygus lucorum[J].Hebei Fruits,2016(6):10-12.
[13]王丽丽,王洪涛,刘学卿,任爱梅,王英姿.不同颜色粘虫板对葡萄园绿盲蝽的诱集效果[J].果树学报,2014,31(2):288-291.WANG Lili,WANG Hongtao,LIU Xueqin,REN Aimei,WANGYingzi.Attractive effect of the different color sticky traps on Apolygus lucorum in vineyard[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2014,31(2):288-291.
[14]高秀梅,刘涛,田小卫,李跃红,范会鲜,王瑞喜.农业及物理防治对枣园绿盲蝽及其天敌的影响[J].中国果树,2009(5):48-53.GAO Xiumei,LIU Tao,TIAN Xiaowei,LI Yuehong,FAN Huixian,WANG Ruixi.Effect of agriculture and physical control of Apolygus lucorum and its natural enemies in Ziziphus jujube[J].China Fruits,2009(5):48-53.
[15]耿辉辉,陆宴辉,杨益众.绿盲蝽成虫的田间活动规律[J].应用昆虫学报,2012,49(3):601-604.GENG Huihui,LU Yanhui,YANG Yizhong.Activity of adult Apolygus lucorum in cotton fields[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,2012,49(3):601-604.
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