长江口滨海湿地植物群落潮沟水体有机碳动态及其影响因素
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摘要
潮沟系统是滨海湿地与外界环境之间横向碳交换的重要通道.本研究以长江口滨海湿地典型植物群落(禾本科Poaceae和莎草科Cyperaceae)为研究对象,调查了不同潮汐(小潮期与大潮期)退潮过程中潮沟水体可溶性有机碳(DOC)和颗粒态有机碳(POC)的季节变化.结果表明,潮水向外输出的过程中,DOC和POC从高潮滩到口外浅水光滩均逐渐变化,大潮期时不同生境潮沟的有机碳丰度一般比小潮期高.在具有较高植物生物量和土壤有机碳储量的Poaceae群落中,各季节潮沟水体DOC含量均显著高于Cyperaceae生境潮沟;相反,各季节Cyperaceae群落潮沟POC含量则高于Poaceae群落潮沟.此外,Poaceae群落潮沟在各季节均表现为DOC净输出,而POC为净输入,各季节DOC和POC在Cyperaceae群落潮沟均呈现净输出趋势.
Tidal creeks are identified as an important pathway for carbon exchange between coastal wetlands and the adjacent environment. This study investigated the seasonal variations in dissolved organic carbon(DOC) and particulate organic carbon(POC) in tidal creeks within typical vegetation communities(Poaceae and Cyperaceae)in the coastal wetlands of the Yangtze Estuary. The results showed that during ebb the concentrations of organic carbon components changed gradually along the altitude gradient from high marsh to low-lying shallow water areas outside the creeks. Generally, spring tides increased the organic carbon abundance in both creeks, relative to neap tide. In the Poaceae creek, with high plant biomass and soil carbon stocks, the DOC concentrations were significantly higher compared to the Cyperaceae creek during ebb across all seasons.In contrast, the POC contents were lower in the Poaceae creek compared to the Cyperaceae creek. The results of this study indicated that the Poaceae creek functioned as a net export(source) of DOC throughout the year but as a net sink of POC, and the Cyperaceae creek functioned as a net source of organic carbon over all seasons.
Tidal creeks are identified as an important pathway for carbon exchange between coastal wetlands and the adjacent environment. This study investigated the seasonal variations in dissolved organic carbon(DOC) and particulate organic carbon(POC) in tidal creeks within typical vegetation communities(Poaceae and Cyperaceae)in the coastal wetlands of the Yangtze Estuary. The results showed that during ebb the concentrations of organic carbon components changed gradually along the altitude gradient from high marsh to low-lying shallow water areas outside the creeks. Generally, spring tides increased the organic carbon abundance in both creeks, relative to neap tide. In the Poaceae creek, with high plant biomass and soil carbon stocks, the DOC concentrations were significantly higher compared to the Cyperaceae creek during ebb across all seasons.In contrast, the POC contents were lower in the Poaceae creek compared to the Cyperaceae creek. The results of this study indicated that the Poaceae creek functioned as a net export(source) of DOC throughout the year but as a net sink of POC, and the Cyperaceae creek functioned as a net source of organic carbon over all seasons.
引文
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[26] MUDD S M, HOWELL S M, MORRIS J T. Impact of dynamic feedbacks between sedimentation, sea-level rise,and biomass production on near-surface marsh stratigraphy and carbon accumulation[J]. Estuar Coast Shelf S,2009, 82(3):377-389.
[27] ABRIL G, NOGUEIRA M, ETCHEBER H, et al. Behaviour of organic carbon in nine contrasting European estuaries[J]. Estuar Coast Shelf S, 2002, 54(2):241-262.
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[29] LI H, YANG S L. Trapping effect of tidal marsh vegetation on suspended sediment, Yangtze Delta[J]. J Coastal Res, 2009, 25(4):915-924.
[30] GE Z M, WANG H, CAO H B, et al. Responses of eastern Chinese coastal salt marshes to sea-level rise combined with vegetative and sedimentary processes[J/OL]. Sci Rep, 2016, 6.[2017-10-30]. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/304375047. DOI:10.1038/srep28466.
[31] DEEGAN L A, JOHNSON D S, WARREN R S, et al. Coastal eutrophication as a driver of salt marsh loss[J].Nature, 2012, 490(7420):388-392.
[2]高宇,刘鉴毅,张婷婷,等.滨海河口湿地生态系统对全球气候变化的影响[J].环境与可持续发展,2016(4):16-19.
[3] FAGHERAZZI S, WIBERG P L, TEMMERMAN S, et al. Fluxes of water, sediments, and biogeochemical compounds in salt marshes[J]. Ecological Processes, 2013, 2(1):1-16.
[4] CHMURA G L, ANISFELD S C, CAHOON D R, et al. Global carbon sequestration in tidal, saline wetland soils[J]. Global Biogeochem Cy, 2003, 17(4):22.
[5] DUARTE C M, MIDDELBURG J J, CARACO N. Major role of marine vegetation on the oceanic carbon cycle[J]. Biogeosciences, 2005, 2(1):1-8.
[6] MIDDELBURG J J, NIEUWENHUIZE J, LUBBERTS R K, et al. Organic carbon isotope systematics of coastal marshes[J]. Estuar Coast Shelf S, 1997, 45(5):681-687.
[7] SHARITZ R R, PENNINGS S C. Development of wetland plant communities[M]//BATZER D. Ecology of Freshwater and Estuarine Wetlands. CA:University of California Press, 2006:177-241.
[8] BAUER J E, CAI W J, RAYMOND P A, et al. The changing carbon cycle of the coastal ocean[J]. Nature,2013, 504(7478):61-70.
[9] YAN Y, ZHAO B, CHEN J, et al. Closing the carbon budget of estuarine wetlands with tower-based measurements and MODIS time series[J]. Global Change Biol, 2008, 14(7):1690-1702.
[10]曹磊,宋金明,李学刚,等.滨海盐沼湿地有机碳的沉积与埋藏研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2013, 24(7):2040-2048.
[11] TAYLOR D I, ALLANSON B R. Organic carbon fluxes between a high marsh and estuary, and the inapplicability of the outwelling hypothesis[J]. Mar Ecol-Prog Ser, 1995, 120(1/2/3):263-270.
[12] ALONGI D M. Coastal Ecosystem Processes[M]. OH:CRC Press, 1998.
[13] OSBURN C L, MIKAN M P, ETHERIDGE J R, et al. Seasonal variation in the quality of dissolved and particulate organic matter exchanged between a salt marsh and its adjacent estuary[J]. J Geophys Res-Biogeo,2015, 120(7):1430-1449.
[14] ODUM E P. Tidal marshes as outwelling/pulsing systems[M]//WEINSTEIN M P, KREEGER D A. Concepts and Controversies in Tidal Marsh Ecology. New York:Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002:3-7.
[15]关道明.中国滨海湿地[M].北京:海洋出版社,2012.
[16]周云轩,谢一民.上海市湿地资源调查与监测评估体系研究[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2012.
[17] GUO H, NOORMETS A, ZHAO B, et al. Tidal effects on net ecosystem exchange of carbon in an estuarine wetland[J]. Agr Forest Meteorol, 2009, 149(11):1820-1828.
[18] ZHANG T, CHEN H, CAO H, et al. Combined influence of sedimentation and vegetation on the soil carbon stocks of a coastal wetland in the Changjiang estuary[J]. Chin J Oceanol Limnol, 2017, 35(4):833-843.
[19] TZORTZIOU M, NEALE P J, MEGONIGAL J P, et al. Spatial gradients in dissolved carbon due to tidal marsh outwelling into a Chesapeake Bay estuary[J]. Mar Ecol-Prog Ser, 2011, 426:41-56.
[20] HOWES B L, GOEHRINGER D D. Porewater drainage and dissolved organic carbon and nutrient losses through the intertidal creekbanks of a New England salt marsh[J]. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 1994:289-301.
[21] QUALLS R G, RICHARDSON C J. Factors controlling concentration, export, and decomposition of dissolved organic nutrients in the Everglades of Florida[J]. Biogeochemistry, 2003,62(2):197-229.
[22] KALBITZ K, SOLINGER S, PARK J H, et al. Controls on the dynamics of dissolved organic matter in soils:A review[J]. Soil Sci, 2000, 165(4):277-304.
[23] MORAN M A, SHELDON W M, SHELDON J E. Biodegradation of riverine dissolved organic carbon in five estuaries of the southeastern United States[J]. Estuar Coast, 1999, 22(1):55-64.
[24] DAVIS S E, CHILDERS D L, NOE G B. The contribution of leaching to the rapid release of nutrients and carbon in the early decay of wetland vegetation[J]. Hydrobiologia, 2006, 569(1):87-97.
[25] VILLA J A, MITSCH W J, SONGK, et al. Contribution of different wetland plant species to the DOC exported from a mesocosm experiment in the Florida Everglades[J]. Ecol Eng, 2014, 71:118-125.
[26] MUDD S M, HOWELL S M, MORRIS J T. Impact of dynamic feedbacks between sedimentation, sea-level rise,and biomass production on near-surface marsh stratigraphy and carbon accumulation[J]. Estuar Coast Shelf S,2009, 82(3):377-389.
[27] ABRIL G, NOGUEIRA M, ETCHEBER H, et al. Behaviour of organic carbon in nine contrasting European estuaries[J]. Estuar Coast Shelf S, 2002, 54(2):241-262.
[28] BOUILLON S, MIDDELBURG J J, DEHAIRS F, et al. Importance of intertidal sediment processes and porewater exchange on the water column biogeochemistry in a pristine mangrove creek(Ras Dege, Tanzania)[J].Biogeosciences, 2007, 4(1):317-348.
[29] LI H, YANG S L. Trapping effect of tidal marsh vegetation on suspended sediment, Yangtze Delta[J]. J Coastal Res, 2009, 25(4):915-924.
[30] GE Z M, WANG H, CAO H B, et al. Responses of eastern Chinese coastal salt marshes to sea-level rise combined with vegetative and sedimentary processes[J/OL]. Sci Rep, 2016, 6.[2017-10-30]. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/304375047. DOI:10.1038/srep28466.
[31] DEEGAN L A, JOHNSON D S, WARREN R S, et al. Coastal eutrophication as a driver of salt marsh loss[J].Nature, 2012, 490(7420):388-392.