爆破脱芽工艺对降低银杏果毒性的作用研究
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摘要
[目的]建立高效脱毒方法,为研制安全的银杏果新产品提供思路。[方法]利用手提式高压蒸汽灭菌器爆破银杏果并脱除胚芽,以不同浸泡时长、加水量、爆破压力和时间探究开口率和脱芽率,建立高效液相色谱法检测脱芽前后的银杏酸和银杏内酯B含量的变化,并将脱毒后的银杏果加工成休闲食品。[结果]当银杏果浸泡4 h后,加入200 mL水在0.142 MPa下爆破30 min,最高开口率达81.98%。银杏酸大量存在于胚芽中,脱除胚芽后的银杏果毒性减少93.69%,银杏内酯无显著性差异。加工后的黄油椰蓉味银杏果经感官评定无明显苦味且外形和口感不受影响。[结论]该方法降低银杏果毒性方便有效,为银杏产品的开发和食用安全性提供了基本保证。
[Objective] To establish an efficient detoxification method for the development of new safe Ginkgo products. [Method] Gbs were split by the high pressure steam sterilizer and gametophytes were removed. The splitting rate and removal rate were investigated by different soaking time, amount of adding water, steaming pressure and steaming time. The changes of ginkgolic acid and ginkgolides B before and after split were analyzed by a high-performance liquid chromatographic(HPLC). The detoxified Gbs were developed into snack food. [Result] It showed that when Gbs were soaked for 4 h and steamed with 200 mL water at the highest pressure of 0.142 MPa for 30 min, the splitting rate was the highest with 81.98%, and the highest detoxification rate was 93.69% while the content of ginkgolide B was not reduced obviously. The buttery coconut flavored snack food had no adverse effects on shape and flavor and without bitterness by preference sensory evaluation. [Conclusion] The method of reducing toxicity was convenient and effective, and provided a basic guarantee for the edible safety of Ginkgo products.
[Objective] To establish an efficient detoxification method for the development of new safe Ginkgo products. [Method] Gbs were split by the high pressure steam sterilizer and gametophytes were removed. The splitting rate and removal rate were investigated by different soaking time, amount of adding water, steaming pressure and steaming time. The changes of ginkgolic acid and ginkgolides B before and after split were analyzed by a high-performance liquid chromatographic(HPLC). The detoxified Gbs were developed into snack food. [Result] It showed that when Gbs were soaked for 4 h and steamed with 200 mL water at the highest pressure of 0.142 MPa for 30 min, the splitting rate was the highest with 81.98%, and the highest detoxification rate was 93.69% while the content of ginkgolide B was not reduced obviously. The buttery coconut flavored snack food had no adverse effects on shape and flavor and without bitterness by preference sensory evaluation. [Conclusion] The method of reducing toxicity was convenient and effective, and provided a basic guarantee for the edible safety of Ginkgo products.
引文
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[13] 田晓清,王锡昌,吴文惠,等.高压液相色谱分析法测定大佛指银杏酚酸含量[J].营养学报,2010,32(6):608-611.
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[15] CHEN P,HE F R,TAO J,et al.Female plant types of Ginkgo biloba L.in China[J].Forestry studies in China,2003,5(2):17-22.
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[17] BRAQUET P G.The ginkgolides:Potent platelet-activating factor antagonists isolated from Ginkgo biloba L..Chemistry,pharmacology and clinical applications[J].Drugs of the future,1987,12(7):643-699.
[18] WANG M,CARRELL E J,CHITTIBOYINA A G,et al.Concurrent supercritical fluid chromatographic analysis of terpene lactones and ginkgolic acids in Ginkgo biloba extracts and dietary supplements[J].Analytical & bioanalytical chemistry,2016,408(17):4649-4660.
[19] LóPEZ-GUTIéRREZ N,ROMERO-GONZáLEZ R,VIDAL J L M,et al.Quality control evaluation of nutraceutical products from Ginkgo biloba using liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry[J].Journal of pharmaceutical & biomedical analysis,2016,121:151-160.
[20] WU Y L,LI Y J,DING G,et al.Qualitative and quantitative of ginkgo terpene lactone raw material by HPLC/Q-TOF MS combined with HPLC-DAD-ELSD[J].Analytical methods,2015,7(2):667-674.
[21] 肖莹,陈亮,黄杰,等.用HPLC-ELSD法测定复方银灵通胶囊中银杏总内酯的含量[J].药学服务与研究,2016,16(3):200-202.
[22] 张峥,叶小玉,肖强,等.UPLC-TOF-MS快速测定不同核用银杏品种银杏叶中银杏内酯和白果内酯含量[J].天然产物研究与开发,2015,27(2):286-288,300.
[23] 成亮,楼凤昌.银杏外种皮中银杏酚酸的研究概况[J].药学进展,2004,28(5):209-213.
[24] 蒋明廉.不同采收期银杏叶总内酯及黄酮甙的含量测定[J].广西植物,1997,17(3):283-285.
[25] 曹帮华,马海慧,梅林.银杏种仁黄酮与内酯含量变化初探[J].山东农业科学,2003(1):16-19.
[2] 蒲丽丽.银杏的药用食用价值及在食品工业中的应用[J].农村经济与科技,2010,21(4):110,53.
[3] OKEN B S,STORZBACH D M,KAYE J A.The efficacy of Ginkgo biloba on cognitive function in Alzheimer disease[J].Archives neurology,1998,55(11):1409-1415.
[4] DEFEUDIS F V,DRIEU K.Ginkgo biloba extract(EGb 761)and CNS functions:Basic studies and clinical applications[J].Current Drug Targets,2000,1(1):25-58.
[5] ILIEVA I,OHGAMI K,SHIRATORI K,et al.The effects of Ginkgo biloba extract on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in vitro and in vivo[J].Experimental eye research,2004,79(2):181-187.
[6] ERNST E.The risk-benefit profile of commonly used herbal therapies:Ginkgo,St.John’s Wort,Ginseng,Echinacea,Saw Palmetto,and Kava[J].Annals of internal medicine,2002,136(1):42-53.
[7] MARCOCCI L,MAGUIRE J J,DROY-LEFAIX M T,et al.The nitric oxide-scavenging properties of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761[J].Biochem Biophys Res Commun,1994,201(2):748-755.
[8] BIRKS J.Ginkgo biloba for cognitive impairment and dementia[J].Alzheimers & dementia,2006,2(3):367.
[9] DEKOSKY S T,WILLIAMSON J D,FITZPATRICK A L,et al.Ginkgo biloba for prevention of dementia:A randomized controlled trial[J].Jama the journal of the American medical association,2008,300(19):2253-2262.
[10] LEITE T C C,BRANCO A.Analysis of the package inserts for medicines to the base of Ginkgo biloba L.[J].Revista de ciencias farmaceuticas basica e aplicada,2010,31(1):83-87.
[11] UDAKA N.High performance liquid chromatographic determination of ginkgotoxin and ginkgotoxin-5′-glucoside in seeds[J].Journal of liquid chromatography & related technologies,2006,29(4):605-616.
[12] 李转梅,张学兰,李慧芬,等.白果不同部位及不同炮制品中白果酸和总银杏酸定量比较[J].中成药,2015,37(1):164-168.
[13] 田晓清,王锡昌,吴文惠,等.高压液相色谱分析法测定大佛指银杏酚酸含量[J].营养学报,2010,32(6):608-611.
[14] LEISTNER E,DREWKE C.Ginkgo biloba and ginkgotoxin[J].Journal of natural products,2010,73(1):86-92.
[15] CHEN P,HE F R,TAO J,et al.Female plant types of Ginkgo biloba L.in China[J].Forestry studies in China,2003,5(2):17-22.
[16] 陈鹏,何凤仁,韦军,等.60Co和速冻对银杏种胚及氢氰酸含量的影响[J].江苏农学院学报,1994,15(1):53-56.
[17] BRAQUET P G.The ginkgolides:Potent platelet-activating factor antagonists isolated from Ginkgo biloba L..Chemistry,pharmacology and clinical applications[J].Drugs of the future,1987,12(7):643-699.
[18] WANG M,CARRELL E J,CHITTIBOYINA A G,et al.Concurrent supercritical fluid chromatographic analysis of terpene lactones and ginkgolic acids in Ginkgo biloba extracts and dietary supplements[J].Analytical & bioanalytical chemistry,2016,408(17):4649-4660.
[19] LóPEZ-GUTIéRREZ N,ROMERO-GONZáLEZ R,VIDAL J L M,et al.Quality control evaluation of nutraceutical products from Ginkgo biloba using liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry[J].Journal of pharmaceutical & biomedical analysis,2016,121:151-160.
[20] WU Y L,LI Y J,DING G,et al.Qualitative and quantitative of ginkgo terpene lactone raw material by HPLC/Q-TOF MS combined with HPLC-DAD-ELSD[J].Analytical methods,2015,7(2):667-674.
[21] 肖莹,陈亮,黄杰,等.用HPLC-ELSD法测定复方银灵通胶囊中银杏总内酯的含量[J].药学服务与研究,2016,16(3):200-202.
[22] 张峥,叶小玉,肖强,等.UPLC-TOF-MS快速测定不同核用银杏品种银杏叶中银杏内酯和白果内酯含量[J].天然产物研究与开发,2015,27(2):286-288,300.
[23] 成亮,楼凤昌.银杏外种皮中银杏酚酸的研究概况[J].药学进展,2004,28(5):209-213.
[24] 蒋明廉.不同采收期银杏叶总内酯及黄酮甙的含量测定[J].广西植物,1997,17(3):283-285.
[25] 曹帮华,马海慧,梅林.银杏种仁黄酮与内酯含量变化初探[J].山东农业科学,2003(1):16-19.
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