陆相湖盆深水重力流沉积特征、砂体结构研究及油气勘探意义——以鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统长7油层组为例
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摘要
结合深水重力流沉积理论、野外剖面、岩心、测井等资料的分析,对鄂尔多斯盆地合水地区延长组长7油层组重力流沉积相和砂体结构的类型、特征进行了深入分析。研究表明长7沉积期发育大面积的深水砂岩,主要发育砂质碎屑流、浊流等重力流砂体,砂质碎屑流沉积以块状层理为主,单砂体厚度大,浊流沉积以粒序层理为主,砂泥互层频繁;结合重力流沉积背景下各成因砂体测井曲线形态、垂向发育厚度、垂向连续性及组合特征,将砂体垂向叠置结构划分为多期砂叠置厚层型、厚砂-薄泥互层型、厚砂-薄砂-泥互层型及薄砂-厚泥互层型四种类型,并对研究区单井砂体结构进行了聚类。实践表明,砂质碎屑流沉积区虽是油气藏有利聚集分布带,但分布面积较广,结合砂体结构特征,可进一步细化有利区划分,为致密油藏有利区的优选提供了新的研究思路。
This paper presents an analysis of field profiles,cores and logging data based on the theory of deep-water gravity flow deposition. Our purpose is to describe the types and characteristics of gravity flow sedimentary facies and sand architecture of Chang 7 Formation in the Heshui area of Ordos basin. Research shows that a large-extent deep-water sandstone formed during the sedimentary period of Chang 7 in this area,dominated by sandy debris flow and turbidity flow. The sandy debris flow created massive beddings with thick individual sand bodies. The turbidity flow mainly produced graded beddings with many sand-mud interbeds. In light of logging curves,vertical thickness and continuity and combination features,the structures of sand bodies are divided into four types,i. e.,overlaps of multiphase sands,interbeds of thick sand and thin mud,interbeds of thick sand,thin sand and mud,and interbeds of thin sand and thick mud. Then cluster analysis is made to sand-body structures of single wells in the study area. Research further shows that the sandy debris flows are favorable reservoir areas,but they are widely distributed. So they should be further subdivided based on the characteristics of sand architectures,which may shed light on how to optimize favorable tight reservoir areas.
This paper presents an analysis of field profiles,cores and logging data based on the theory of deep-water gravity flow deposition. Our purpose is to describe the types and characteristics of gravity flow sedimentary facies and sand architecture of Chang 7 Formation in the Heshui area of Ordos basin. Research shows that a large-extent deep-water sandstone formed during the sedimentary period of Chang 7 in this area,dominated by sandy debris flow and turbidity flow. The sandy debris flow created massive beddings with thick individual sand bodies. The turbidity flow mainly produced graded beddings with many sand-mud interbeds. In light of logging curves,vertical thickness and continuity and combination features,the structures of sand bodies are divided into four types,i. e.,overlaps of multiphase sands,interbeds of thick sand and thin mud,interbeds of thick sand,thin sand and mud,and interbeds of thin sand and thick mud. Then cluster analysis is made to sand-body structures of single wells in the study area. Research further shows that the sandy debris flows are favorable reservoir areas,but they are widely distributed. So they should be further subdivided based on the characteristics of sand architectures,which may shed light on how to optimize favorable tight reservoir areas.
引文
Dasgupta P.2003.Sediment gravity flow-the conceptual problems[J].Earth Science Reviews,62(3):265-281
Deng Xiu-qin,Fu Ji-hua,Yao Jing-li,Pang Jin-lian,Sun Bo.2011.Sedimentary facies of the Middle-Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in Ordos basin and breakthrough in petroleum exploration[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,13(4):443-455(in Chinese with English abstract)
Dott Jr R H.1963.Dynamics of subaqueous gravity depositional processes[J].AAPG Bulletin,47:104-128
Feng Qiao,Zhang Xiao-li,Liu Yi-qun,Han Zuo-zhen.2010.Application of clustering analysis to oil and source rock correlation[J].Journal of Xi'an Shiyou University,25(5):28-32(in Chinese with English abstract)
Fu Jin-hua,Deng Xiu-qin,Zhang Xiao-lei,Luo An-xiang,Nan Jun-xiang.2013.Relationship between deepwater sandstone and tight oil of the Triassic Yanchang Formation in Ordos basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,15(5):624-634(in Chinese with English abstract)
Fu Jin-hua,Luo Shun-she,Niu Xiao-bing,LüQi-qi,Xu Li-ming,Feng Sheng-bin,Li Shi-xiang.2015.Sedimentary characteristics of channel type gravity flow of the member 7 of Yanchang Formation in the Longdong area,Ordos basin[J].Bulletin of Mineralogy,Petrology and Geochemistry,34(1):29-37(in Chinese with English abstract)
Li Xiang-bo,Liu Hua-qing,Wan Yan-rong,Wei Li-hua,Liao Jian-bo,Ma Yu-hu.2009.First discovery of the sandy debris flow from the Triassic Yanchang Formation,Ordos Basin[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,21(4):19-21(in Chinese with English abstract)
Li Xiang-bo,Liu Hua-qing,Zhang Zhong-yi,Yuan xiao-qi,Wan Yanrong,Niu Hai-qing,Liao Jian-bo,Wang Jing.2014.“Argillaceous parcel”structure:A direct evidence of debris flow origin of deepwater massive sandstone of Yanchang Formation,Upper Triassic,the Ordos basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,32(4):611-621(in Chinese with English abstract)
Li Xiang-bo,Wei Ping-sheng,Liu Hua-qing,Wang Jing.2013.Discussion on the classification of sediment gravity flow and the deep-water sedimentary model[J].Geological Review,59(4):607-613(in Chinese with English abstract)
Li Xiang-hui,Wang Cheng-shan,Jin Wei,Ran Bo.2009.A review on deep-sea sedimentation theory:Significances to oil-gas exploration[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,27(1):77-86(in Chinese with English abstract)
Li Yun,Zheng Rong-cai,Zhu Guo-jin,Hu Xiao-qing.2011.Reviews on sediment gravity flow[J].Advance in Earth Sciences,26(2):157-164(in Chinese with English abstract)
Lin Wei-bing,Chen Lin,Lu Yong-chao,Hu Hai-yan,Liu Lu.2017.Tight reservoir evaluation of the Chang 8 oil group in the Zhenjing area,southwestern Ordos basin[J].Geology and Exploration,53(2):381-389(in Chinese with English abstract)
Luo Shun-she,Li Meng-jie,Liu Jun,Xi Ming-li,LüQi-qi.2015.Control over reservoir distribution by Chang 6 sandstone structure in Dingbian-Wuqi area[J].Special Oil and Gas Reservoirs,22(2):8-22(in Chinese with English abstract)
Shanmugam G.1996.High-density turbidity currents:Are they sandy debris flows?[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,66:2-10
Shanmugam G.2000.50 years of the turbidite paradigm:Deep water processes and facies models a critical perspective[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,17:285-342
Shanmugam G.2003.A preliminary experimental study of turbidite fan deposits discussion[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,73:838-841
Xian Ben-zhong,An Si-qi,Shi Wen-hua.2014.Subaqueous debris flow:Hotspots and advances of deep-water sedimention[J].Geological Review,53(1):36-43(in Chinese with English abstract)
Yang Hua,Niu Xiao-bing,Luo Shun-she,Feng Sheng-bin,LüQi-qi.2015.Research of simulated experiment on gravity flow deposits of tight sand bodies of Chang 7 Formation in Longdong area,Ordos basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,22(3):322-332(in Chinese with English abstract)
Yuan Zhen,Li Wen-hou,Fan Meng-meng,Feng Juan-ping,Guo Yi-xuan.2011.Genetic mechanism and sedimentary features of deep water massive sandstone:A case study of the upper Triassic sandstones of Chang 6 Formation in the southeast of Ordos basin[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,30(4):43-49(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhao Yun-xiang,Chen Jing-shan,Wang Jian-feng,Ding Xiong,Yao Jingli,Li Shi-xiang,Li Ning.2013.Vertical structure and dominating factors of Chang 9 sandbody from Yanchang Formation in Ordos basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,31(1):77-88(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zou Cai-neng,Zhao Zheng-zhang,Yang Hua,Fu Jin-hua,Zhu Ru-kai,Yuan Xuan-jun,Wang Lan.2009.Genetic mechanism and distribution of dandy debris flows in terrestrial lacustrine basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,12(6):1065-1075(in Chinese with English abstract)
邓秀芹,付金华,姚泾利,庞锦莲,孙勃.2011.鄂尔多斯盆地中及上三叠统延长组沉积相与油气勘探的突破[J].古地理学报,13(4):443-455
冯乔,张小莉,柳益群,韩作振.2010.聚类分析在油源对比研究中的应用[J].西安石油大学学报,25(5):28-32
付金华,邓秀芹,张晓磊,罗安湘,南珺祥.2013.鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组深水砂岩与致密油的关系[J].古地理学报,15(5):624-634
付金华,罗顺社,牛小兵,吕奇奇,徐黎明,冯胜斌,李士祥.2015.鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区长7段沟道型重力流沉积特征研究[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,34(1):29-37
李云,郑荣才,朱国金,胡晓庆.2011.沉积物重力流研究进展综述[J].地球科学进展,26(2):157-164
李相博,刘化清,完颜容,魏立花,廖建波,马玉虎.2009.鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组砂质碎屑流储集体的首次发现[J].岩性油气藏,21(4):19-21
李相博,刘化清,张忠义,袁效奇,完颜容,牛海青,廖建波,王菁.2014.深水块状砂岩碎屑流成因的直接证据:"泥包砾"结构-以鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组研究为例[J].沉积学报,32(4):611-621
李相博,卫平生,刘化清,王菁.2013.浅谈沉积物重力流分类与深水沉积模式[J].地质论评,59(4):607-613
李祥辉,王成善,金玮,冉波.2009.深海沉积理论发展及其在油气勘探中的意义[J].沉积学报,27(1):77-86
林卫兵,陈林,陆永潮,胡海燕,刘璐.2017.鄂尔多斯盆地西南部镇泾地区长8油层组致密储层评价[J].地质与勘探,53(2):381-389
罗顺社,李梦杰,刘俊,席明利,吕奇奇.2015.定边-吴起地区长6砂体结构对油藏分布的控制[J].特种油气藏,22(2):8-22
鲜本忠,安思奇,施文华.2014.水下碎屑流沉积:深水沉积研究热点与进展[J].地质论评,53(1):36-43
杨华,牛小兵,罗顺社,冯胜斌,吕奇奇.2015.鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区长7段致密砂体重力流沉积模拟实验研究[J].地学前缘,22(3):322-332
袁珍,李文厚,范萌萌,冯娟萍,郭懿萱.2011.深水块状砂岩沉积特征及其成因机制探讨:以鄂尔多斯盆地东南缘上三叠统长6油层组为例[J].地质科技情报,30(4):43-49
赵云翔,陈景山,王建峰,丁熊,姚泾利,李士祥,李宁.2013.鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长9砂体的垂向结构及主控因素分析[J].沉积学报,31(1):77-88
邹才能,赵政璋,杨华,付金华,朱如凯,袁选俊,王岚.2009.陆相湖盆深水砂质碎屑流成因机制与分布特征-以鄂尔多斯盆地为例[J].沉积学报,12(6):1065-1075
Deng Xiu-qin,Fu Ji-hua,Yao Jing-li,Pang Jin-lian,Sun Bo.2011.Sedimentary facies of the Middle-Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in Ordos basin and breakthrough in petroleum exploration[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,13(4):443-455(in Chinese with English abstract)
Dott Jr R H.1963.Dynamics of subaqueous gravity depositional processes[J].AAPG Bulletin,47:104-128
Feng Qiao,Zhang Xiao-li,Liu Yi-qun,Han Zuo-zhen.2010.Application of clustering analysis to oil and source rock correlation[J].Journal of Xi'an Shiyou University,25(5):28-32(in Chinese with English abstract)
Fu Jin-hua,Deng Xiu-qin,Zhang Xiao-lei,Luo An-xiang,Nan Jun-xiang.2013.Relationship between deepwater sandstone and tight oil of the Triassic Yanchang Formation in Ordos basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,15(5):624-634(in Chinese with English abstract)
Fu Jin-hua,Luo Shun-she,Niu Xiao-bing,LüQi-qi,Xu Li-ming,Feng Sheng-bin,Li Shi-xiang.2015.Sedimentary characteristics of channel type gravity flow of the member 7 of Yanchang Formation in the Longdong area,Ordos basin[J].Bulletin of Mineralogy,Petrology and Geochemistry,34(1):29-37(in Chinese with English abstract)
Li Xiang-bo,Liu Hua-qing,Wan Yan-rong,Wei Li-hua,Liao Jian-bo,Ma Yu-hu.2009.First discovery of the sandy debris flow from the Triassic Yanchang Formation,Ordos Basin[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,21(4):19-21(in Chinese with English abstract)
Li Xiang-bo,Liu Hua-qing,Zhang Zhong-yi,Yuan xiao-qi,Wan Yanrong,Niu Hai-qing,Liao Jian-bo,Wang Jing.2014.“Argillaceous parcel”structure:A direct evidence of debris flow origin of deepwater massive sandstone of Yanchang Formation,Upper Triassic,the Ordos basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,32(4):611-621(in Chinese with English abstract)
Li Xiang-bo,Wei Ping-sheng,Liu Hua-qing,Wang Jing.2013.Discussion on the classification of sediment gravity flow and the deep-water sedimentary model[J].Geological Review,59(4):607-613(in Chinese with English abstract)
Li Xiang-hui,Wang Cheng-shan,Jin Wei,Ran Bo.2009.A review on deep-sea sedimentation theory:Significances to oil-gas exploration[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,27(1):77-86(in Chinese with English abstract)
Li Yun,Zheng Rong-cai,Zhu Guo-jin,Hu Xiao-qing.2011.Reviews on sediment gravity flow[J].Advance in Earth Sciences,26(2):157-164(in Chinese with English abstract)
Lin Wei-bing,Chen Lin,Lu Yong-chao,Hu Hai-yan,Liu Lu.2017.Tight reservoir evaluation of the Chang 8 oil group in the Zhenjing area,southwestern Ordos basin[J].Geology and Exploration,53(2):381-389(in Chinese with English abstract)
Luo Shun-she,Li Meng-jie,Liu Jun,Xi Ming-li,LüQi-qi.2015.Control over reservoir distribution by Chang 6 sandstone structure in Dingbian-Wuqi area[J].Special Oil and Gas Reservoirs,22(2):8-22(in Chinese with English abstract)
Shanmugam G.1996.High-density turbidity currents:Are they sandy debris flows?[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,66:2-10
Shanmugam G.2000.50 years of the turbidite paradigm:Deep water processes and facies models a critical perspective[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,17:285-342
Shanmugam G.2003.A preliminary experimental study of turbidite fan deposits discussion[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,73:838-841
Xian Ben-zhong,An Si-qi,Shi Wen-hua.2014.Subaqueous debris flow:Hotspots and advances of deep-water sedimention[J].Geological Review,53(1):36-43(in Chinese with English abstract)
Yang Hua,Niu Xiao-bing,Luo Shun-she,Feng Sheng-bin,LüQi-qi.2015.Research of simulated experiment on gravity flow deposits of tight sand bodies of Chang 7 Formation in Longdong area,Ordos basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,22(3):322-332(in Chinese with English abstract)
Yuan Zhen,Li Wen-hou,Fan Meng-meng,Feng Juan-ping,Guo Yi-xuan.2011.Genetic mechanism and sedimentary features of deep water massive sandstone:A case study of the upper Triassic sandstones of Chang 6 Formation in the southeast of Ordos basin[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,30(4):43-49(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhao Yun-xiang,Chen Jing-shan,Wang Jian-feng,Ding Xiong,Yao Jingli,Li Shi-xiang,Li Ning.2013.Vertical structure and dominating factors of Chang 9 sandbody from Yanchang Formation in Ordos basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,31(1):77-88(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zou Cai-neng,Zhao Zheng-zhang,Yang Hua,Fu Jin-hua,Zhu Ru-kai,Yuan Xuan-jun,Wang Lan.2009.Genetic mechanism and distribution of dandy debris flows in terrestrial lacustrine basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,12(6):1065-1075(in Chinese with English abstract)
邓秀芹,付金华,姚泾利,庞锦莲,孙勃.2011.鄂尔多斯盆地中及上三叠统延长组沉积相与油气勘探的突破[J].古地理学报,13(4):443-455
冯乔,张小莉,柳益群,韩作振.2010.聚类分析在油源对比研究中的应用[J].西安石油大学学报,25(5):28-32
付金华,邓秀芹,张晓磊,罗安湘,南珺祥.2013.鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组深水砂岩与致密油的关系[J].古地理学报,15(5):624-634
付金华,罗顺社,牛小兵,吕奇奇,徐黎明,冯胜斌,李士祥.2015.鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区长7段沟道型重力流沉积特征研究[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,34(1):29-37
李云,郑荣才,朱国金,胡晓庆.2011.沉积物重力流研究进展综述[J].地球科学进展,26(2):157-164
李相博,刘化清,完颜容,魏立花,廖建波,马玉虎.2009.鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组砂质碎屑流储集体的首次发现[J].岩性油气藏,21(4):19-21
李相博,刘化清,张忠义,袁效奇,完颜容,牛海青,廖建波,王菁.2014.深水块状砂岩碎屑流成因的直接证据:"泥包砾"结构-以鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组研究为例[J].沉积学报,32(4):611-621
李相博,卫平生,刘化清,王菁.2013.浅谈沉积物重力流分类与深水沉积模式[J].地质论评,59(4):607-613
李祥辉,王成善,金玮,冉波.2009.深海沉积理论发展及其在油气勘探中的意义[J].沉积学报,27(1):77-86
林卫兵,陈林,陆永潮,胡海燕,刘璐.2017.鄂尔多斯盆地西南部镇泾地区长8油层组致密储层评价[J].地质与勘探,53(2):381-389
罗顺社,李梦杰,刘俊,席明利,吕奇奇.2015.定边-吴起地区长6砂体结构对油藏分布的控制[J].特种油气藏,22(2):8-22
鲜本忠,安思奇,施文华.2014.水下碎屑流沉积:深水沉积研究热点与进展[J].地质论评,53(1):36-43
杨华,牛小兵,罗顺社,冯胜斌,吕奇奇.2015.鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区长7段致密砂体重力流沉积模拟实验研究[J].地学前缘,22(3):322-332
袁珍,李文厚,范萌萌,冯娟萍,郭懿萱.2011.深水块状砂岩沉积特征及其成因机制探讨:以鄂尔多斯盆地东南缘上三叠统长6油层组为例[J].地质科技情报,30(4):43-49
赵云翔,陈景山,王建峰,丁熊,姚泾利,李士祥,李宁.2013.鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长9砂体的垂向结构及主控因素分析[J].沉积学报,31(1):77-88
邹才能,赵政璋,杨华,付金华,朱如凯,袁选俊,王岚.2009.陆相湖盆深水砂质碎屑流成因机制与分布特征-以鄂尔多斯盆地为例[J].沉积学报,12(6):1065-1075