池养美洲鲥0~+龄幼鱼脂肪酸组成的变化
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摘要
为了调查池养美洲鲥Alosa sapidissima当年鱼种(0~+龄幼鱼)的脂类营养状况及脂肪酸组成的变化规律,采用生化分析手段,分析了遮荫池塘(面积为0.17 hm~2,水深1.5 m)养殖的美洲鲥0~+龄幼鱼不同生长阶段(7—11月)的鱼体脂肪酸组成及含量变化。结果表明:美洲鲥当年鱼种鱼体的水分含量随着生长而显著降低(P<0.05),鱼体干质量的总脂肪含量随生长而显著升高(P<0.05),总脂肪含量从7月的12.93%显著增加到11月的35.05%;美洲鲥当年鱼种不同生长阶段(7—11月)的鱼体干样中检出8种饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、7种单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)和11种多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA);从数值上看,各月份美洲鲥当年鱼种的C_(18:1n9c)含量均为最高(27.11%～36.87%),C_(16:0)和C_(18:0)含量(分别为19.63%～25.33%和6.42%～7.46%)随生长而显著下降(P<0.05),而C_(18:2n6c)含量(16.87%～22.95%)随着生长呈现先上升后下降趋势,最高点出现在9月(22.95%);美洲鲥当年鱼种体内脂肪酸组成与其摄食的饲料成分密切相关,但也不是绝对的;较低C_(16:0)和C_(18:0)含量的饲料导致了鱼体内的C_(16:0)和C_(18:0)含量持续下降,呈现正相关;而较低C_(18:1n9c)含量(23.93%～24.04%)的饲料未造成鱼体内C_(18:1n9c)含量下降,相反地,鱼体内的C_(18:1n9c)含量从8月的27.11%显著上升到11月的36.87%(P<0.05),呈现负相关;较高C_(18:2n6c)含量(45.52%～46.88%)的饲料未造成鱼体内富集C_(18:2n6c)(16.87%～22.95%),呈现无显著相关;较低DHA含量(1.57%～1.79%)的饲料造成鱼体内DHA比例下降,含量从8月的4.00%显著下降到11月的1.62%(P<0.05);较低∑n-3PUFA/∑n-6PUFA比值(0.13～0.14)的饲料也严重影响了鱼体内∑n-3PUFA/∑n-6PUFA比值的变化趋势,比值从7月的0.29显著下降到11月的0.15(P<0.05)。研究表明,美洲鲥当年鱼种配合饲料中可适当增加C_(18:1n9c)和n-3PUFA(特别是DHA)的比例,大幅减少C_(18:2n6c)的比例,调整提高∑n-3PUFA/∑n-6PUFA比值。
Fatty acid composition and content were analyzed in juvenile(0~+ age) American shad Alosa sapidissima cultured in a 0.17 hm~2 and 1.5 m depth shaded pond during different growth stages(July-November) by biochemical analysis methods to understand the lipid nutrition status and the changes in fatty acid composition. The moisture of American shad was shown to be significantly decreased with the growth(P<0.05), the total lipid contents being increased significantly from 12.93% in July to 35.05% in November with the growth(P<0.05). There were 8 saturated fatty acids(SFA), 7 mono-unsaturated fatty acids(MUFA), and 11 polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA) in the dry samples of American shad in different growth stages(July-November). The maximal C_(18:1 n9 c)(27.11%-36.87%) was observed in 0~+ age American shad juvenile(July-November), and the percent content of C_(16:0)(19.63%-25.33%) and C_(18:0)(6.42%-7.46%) was decreased significantly with the growth of the fish. The C_(18:2 n6 c) content(16.87%-22.95%) was increased first and then decreased with the growth, with the maximum(22.95%) in September, indicating that fatty acid composition of 0~+ age juvenile is closely related to the composition of the diet. However, low levels of C_(16:0) and C_(18:0) in the diet led to a sustained decline in the levels of C_(16:0) and C_(18:0) in the 0~+ age juveniles. The diet containing low C_(18:1 n9 c)(23.93%-24.04%) did not cause the decrease in C_(18:1 n9 c) content in the juvenile. On the contrary, the C_(18:1 n9 c) content in the juveniles was increased significantly from 27.11% in August to 36.87% in November, showing a negative correlation; high C_(18:2 n6 c) content(45.52%-46.88%) in the diet did not result in enrichment of C_(18:2 n6 c )(16.87%-22.95%). Lower levels of DHA(1.57%-1.79%) in diet resulted in a significant decline in the DHA in the juveniles, from 4.00% in August to 1.62% in November. The diet containing low ∑n-3 PUFA/∑n-6 PUFA ratio(0.13-0.14) also significantly affected the variation in ∑n-3 PUFA/∑n-6 PUFA ratio in fish, with the ratio from 0.29 in July to 0.15 in November. It is suggested that diet of American shad juveniles be appropriate increase in C_(18:1 n9 c) and n-3 PUFA(especially DHA), reduce in great proportion of C_(18:2 n6 c), and adjust and increase the ratio of ∑n-3 PUFA/∑n-6 PUFA.
Fatty acid composition and content were analyzed in juvenile(0~+ age) American shad Alosa sapidissima cultured in a 0.17 hm~2 and 1.5 m depth shaded pond during different growth stages(July-November) by biochemical analysis methods to understand the lipid nutrition status and the changes in fatty acid composition. The moisture of American shad was shown to be significantly decreased with the growth(P<0.05), the total lipid contents being increased significantly from 12.93% in July to 35.05% in November with the growth(P<0.05). There were 8 saturated fatty acids(SFA), 7 mono-unsaturated fatty acids(MUFA), and 11 polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA) in the dry samples of American shad in different growth stages(July-November). The maximal C_(18:1 n9 c)(27.11%-36.87%) was observed in 0~+ age American shad juvenile(July-November), and the percent content of C_(16:0)(19.63%-25.33%) and C_(18:0)(6.42%-7.46%) was decreased significantly with the growth of the fish. The C_(18:2 n6 c) content(16.87%-22.95%) was increased first and then decreased with the growth, with the maximum(22.95%) in September, indicating that fatty acid composition of 0~+ age juvenile is closely related to the composition of the diet. However, low levels of C_(16:0) and C_(18:0) in the diet led to a sustained decline in the levels of C_(16:0) and C_(18:0) in the 0~+ age juveniles. The diet containing low C_(18:1 n9 c)(23.93%-24.04%) did not cause the decrease in C_(18:1 n9 c) content in the juvenile. On the contrary, the C_(18:1 n9 c) content in the juveniles was increased significantly from 27.11% in August to 36.87% in November, showing a negative correlation; high C_(18:2 n6 c) content(45.52%-46.88%) in the diet did not result in enrichment of C_(18:2 n6 c )(16.87%-22.95%). Lower levels of DHA(1.57%-1.79%) in diet resulted in a significant decline in the DHA in the juveniles, from 4.00% in August to 1.62% in November. The diet containing low ∑n-3 PUFA/∑n-6 PUFA ratio(0.13-0.14) also significantly affected the variation in ∑n-3 PUFA/∑n-6 PUFA ratio in fish, with the ratio from 0.29 in July to 0.15 in November. It is suggested that diet of American shad juveniles be appropriate increase in C_(18:1 n9 c) and n-3 PUFA(especially DHA), reduce in great proportion of C_(18:2 n6 c), and adjust and increase the ratio of ∑n-3 PUFA/∑n-6 PUFA.
引文
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[5] 潘德博,洪孝友,朱新平,等.美洲鲥工厂化养殖模式初探[J].广东农业科学,2010,37(8):183-184.
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[7] 缪晓燕,樊昌杰,朱爱琴,等.美洲鲥工厂化养殖技术初探[J].水产科技情报,2014,41(4):176-179.
[8] 洪孝友,陈昆慈,李凯彬,等.水库网箱美洲鲥养殖试验[J].水产养殖,2014(2):8-9.
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[10] 徐嘉波,税春,施永海,等.池养美洲鲥1+龄鱼种生长特性的研究[J].上海海洋大学学报,2018,27(1):55-63.
[11] 王丹丽,徐善良,严小军,等.大黄鱼仔、稚、幼鱼发育阶段的脂肪酸组成及其变化[J].水产学报,2006,30(2):241-245.
[12] 黄旭雄,冯隆峰,温文,等.日本鬼鲉胚胎及卵黄囊仔鱼发育过程中脂肪及脂肪酸特性变化[J].水产学报,2013,37(4):526-535.
[13] 施永海,徐嘉波,刘永士,等.菊黄东方鲀发育早期的脂肪酸组成变化[J].水产学报,2017,41(8):1203-1212.
[14] 施兆鸿,黄旭雄,李伟微,等.养殖银鲳幼鱼体脂含量及脂肪酸组成的变化[J].上海水产大学学报,2008,17(4):435-439.
[15] 顾若波,张呈祥,徐钢春,等.美洲鲥肌肉营养成分分析与评价[J].水产学杂志,2007,20(2):40-46.
[16] 郭永军,邢克智,杨广,等.美洲鲥鱼肌肉营养成分测定及分析[J].中国饲料,2010(8):39-41.
[17] 洪孝友,谢文平,朱新平,等.美洲鲥与孟加拉鲥肌肉营养成分比较[J].营养学报,2013,35(2):206-208.
[18] 魏润平,张泽峰,王晶,等.美国鲥鱼肌肉营养成分分析[J].饲料与畜牧,2017(17):36-39.
[19] 朱雅珠,张根玉,严银龙,等.美洲鲥幼鱼饲料中蛋白质、脂肪适宜含量的研究[J].水产科技情报,2007,34(2):58-59.
[20] 杨坤,张静,汪留全,等.不同饲料蛋白水平对美洲鲥幼鱼生长的影响[J].水产科学,2008,27(11):581-583.
[21] 侯冠军,李海洋,汪留全,等.不同蛋白水平饲料对美洲鲥鱼苗种食性驯化的影响[J].粮食与饲料工业,2013(3):51-54.
[22] 刘志峰,高小强,于久翔,等.不同饵料对美洲西鲱仔鱼生长、相关酶活力及体脂肪酸的影响[J].中国水产科学,2018,25(1):97-107.
[23] 施永海,谢永德,刘永士,等.菊黄东方鲀幼鱼转食过程中生长和脂肪酸组成变化[J].上海海洋大学学报,2017,26(1):48-56.
[24] 庄平,宋超,章龙珍,等.转食不同饵料对野生中华鲟幼鱼肌肉营养成分的影响[J].水生生物学报,2009,33(5):998-1004.
[25] 陈炜,曹善茂,肖逸啸,等.浮筏养殖与底栖野生岩扇贝营养成分的分析与比较[J].大连海洋大学学报,2018,33(1):45-51.
[26] 尹洪滨,孙中武,孙大江,等.6种养殖鲟鳇鱼肌肉营养成分的比较分析[J].大连水产学院学报,2004,19(2):92-96.
[27] 徐善良,王亚军,王丹丽,等.条石鲷(Oplegnathus fasciatus)发育早期的脂肪酸组成变化研究[J].海洋与湖沼,2013,44(2):438-444.
[28] 王胜,刘永坚,田丽霞,等.斜带石斑仔鱼不同饵料的营养分析及其对生长和鱼体脂肪酸组成的影响[J].中山大学学报:自然科学版,2003,42(S2):210-213.
[29] 邱小琮,周洪琪,曾庆华,等.营养强化的轮虫、卤虫对牙鲆仔鱼的成活、生长及体脂肪酸组成的影响[J].水产科学,2004,23(2):4-8.
[30] 刘镜恪,陈晓琳.海水仔稚鱼的必需脂肪酸——n-3系列高度不饱和脂肪酸研究概况[J].青岛海洋大学学报,2002,32(6):897-902.
[2] 张根玉,朱雅珠,张海明,等.美国鲥鱼人工繁殖技术研究[J].水产科技情报,2008,35(5):221-223.
[3] 徐钢春,张呈祥,郑金良,等.美洲鲥的人工繁殖及胚胎发育的研究[J].海洋科学,2012,36(7):89-96.
[4] 施永海,徐嘉波,陆根海,等.养殖美洲鲥的生长特性[J].动物学杂志,2017,52(4):638-645.
[5] 潘德博,洪孝友,朱新平,等.美洲鲥工厂化养殖模式初探[J].广东农业科学,2010,37(8):183-184.
[6] 游华斌,张惠芬,徐钢春,等.美洲鲥集约化养殖技术[J].科学养鱼,2012(7):36-37.
[7] 缪晓燕,樊昌杰,朱爱琴,等.美洲鲥工厂化养殖技术初探[J].水产科技情报,2014,41(4):176-179.
[8] 洪孝友,陈昆慈,李凯彬,等.水库网箱美洲鲥养殖试验[J].水产养殖,2014(2):8-9.
[9] 张云龙,邵辉,袁娟,等.美国鲥鱼高产模式关键技术[J].渔业致富指南,2010(19):35-36.
[10] 徐嘉波,税春,施永海,等.池养美洲鲥1+龄鱼种生长特性的研究[J].上海海洋大学学报,2018,27(1):55-63.
[11] 王丹丽,徐善良,严小军,等.大黄鱼仔、稚、幼鱼发育阶段的脂肪酸组成及其变化[J].水产学报,2006,30(2):241-245.
[12] 黄旭雄,冯隆峰,温文,等.日本鬼鲉胚胎及卵黄囊仔鱼发育过程中脂肪及脂肪酸特性变化[J].水产学报,2013,37(4):526-535.
[13] 施永海,徐嘉波,刘永士,等.菊黄东方鲀发育早期的脂肪酸组成变化[J].水产学报,2017,41(8):1203-1212.
[14] 施兆鸿,黄旭雄,李伟微,等.养殖银鲳幼鱼体脂含量及脂肪酸组成的变化[J].上海水产大学学报,2008,17(4):435-439.
[15] 顾若波,张呈祥,徐钢春,等.美洲鲥肌肉营养成分分析与评价[J].水产学杂志,2007,20(2):40-46.
[16] 郭永军,邢克智,杨广,等.美洲鲥鱼肌肉营养成分测定及分析[J].中国饲料,2010(8):39-41.
[17] 洪孝友,谢文平,朱新平,等.美洲鲥与孟加拉鲥肌肉营养成分比较[J].营养学报,2013,35(2):206-208.
[18] 魏润平,张泽峰,王晶,等.美国鲥鱼肌肉营养成分分析[J].饲料与畜牧,2017(17):36-39.
[19] 朱雅珠,张根玉,严银龙,等.美洲鲥幼鱼饲料中蛋白质、脂肪适宜含量的研究[J].水产科技情报,2007,34(2):58-59.
[20] 杨坤,张静,汪留全,等.不同饲料蛋白水平对美洲鲥幼鱼生长的影响[J].水产科学,2008,27(11):581-583.
[21] 侯冠军,李海洋,汪留全,等.不同蛋白水平饲料对美洲鲥鱼苗种食性驯化的影响[J].粮食与饲料工业,2013(3):51-54.
[22] 刘志峰,高小强,于久翔,等.不同饵料对美洲西鲱仔鱼生长、相关酶活力及体脂肪酸的影响[J].中国水产科学,2018,25(1):97-107.
[23] 施永海,谢永德,刘永士,等.菊黄东方鲀幼鱼转食过程中生长和脂肪酸组成变化[J].上海海洋大学学报,2017,26(1):48-56.
[24] 庄平,宋超,章龙珍,等.转食不同饵料对野生中华鲟幼鱼肌肉营养成分的影响[J].水生生物学报,2009,33(5):998-1004.
[25] 陈炜,曹善茂,肖逸啸,等.浮筏养殖与底栖野生岩扇贝营养成分的分析与比较[J].大连海洋大学学报,2018,33(1):45-51.
[26] 尹洪滨,孙中武,孙大江,等.6种养殖鲟鳇鱼肌肉营养成分的比较分析[J].大连水产学院学报,2004,19(2):92-96.
[27] 徐善良,王亚军,王丹丽,等.条石鲷(Oplegnathus fasciatus)发育早期的脂肪酸组成变化研究[J].海洋与湖沼,2013,44(2):438-444.
[28] 王胜,刘永坚,田丽霞,等.斜带石斑仔鱼不同饵料的营养分析及其对生长和鱼体脂肪酸组成的影响[J].中山大学学报:自然科学版,2003,42(S2):210-213.
[29] 邱小琮,周洪琪,曾庆华,等.营养强化的轮虫、卤虫对牙鲆仔鱼的成活、生长及体脂肪酸组成的影响[J].水产科学,2004,23(2):4-8.
[30] 刘镜恪,陈晓琳.海水仔稚鱼的必需脂肪酸——n-3系列高度不饱和脂肪酸研究概况[J].青岛海洋大学学报,2002,32(6):897-902.
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