盐度对褐菖鲉幼鱼生长、耗氧率和排氨率的影响
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摘要
为了解盐度对褐菖鲉Sebastisucus marmoratus幼鱼生长和代谢的影响,在室内水泥池(6.5 m×2.5 m)、水深1.3 m的条件下进行了不同盐度(5、7.5、10、15、20、25、30)对体质量为(3.65±0.82)g褐菖鲉幼鱼特定生长率、成活率、摄食率、饲料系数的影响试验,以及在水浴静水条件下,不同盐度对耗氧率和排氨率的影响试验,养殖试验共进行8周。结果表明:褐菖鲉幼鱼在10、15、20盐度组中生长较好,成活率分别为97.50%、98.33%、91.67%,体质量特定生长率分别为1.904、2.001、2.077%/d; 5、7.5和30盐度组褐菖鲉幼鱼成活率分别为0%、19.17%、76.67%,均显著低于10、15、20盐度组(P<0.05);各组褐菖鲉幼鱼饲料系数为1.230～1.367,其中15、20和25盐度组饲料系数均显著低于7.5和30组(P<0.05),而10、15、20、25盐度组间无显著性差异(P>0.05);各组褐菖鲉幼鱼摄食率为1.282～2.157%/d,其中15、20和25盐度组摄食率均显著低于7.5和30盐度组(P<0.05),而10、15、20、25盐度组间无显著性差异(P>0.05);在盐度为7.5～30范围内,褐菖鲉幼鱼耗氧率(OR)和排氨率(AR)均随着盐度的增加而升高,分别在盐度为15和25时达到峰值,分别为0.137 mg/(g·h)和10.406μg/(g·h),之后随盐度的增加而降低,耗氧率与盐度呈一元二次函数关系,即y=-0.0002x~2+0.0091x+0.0512(R~2=0.9287);褐菖鲉幼鱼的O/N值范围为12.160～16.415。研究表明,褐菖鲉幼鱼具有较强盐度耐受能力,可通过调节生理代谢水平适应低盐或高盐水体,比较适合其生长和代谢的最适盐度范围为15～25。
Specific growth rate(SGR), survival rate, food intake(FI), food conversion ratio(FCR), oxygen consumption rate(OR) and ammonia excretion rate(AR) were determined in juvenile marbled rockfish Sebastisucus marmoratus with body weight of(3.65±0.82)g in an indoor tank of 6.5 m×2.5 m×(water depth 1.3 m) with a salinity of 5, 7.5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 at water temperature of 19-28 ℃ for 8 weeks in order to investigate the effect of salinity on growth and metabolism of marbled rockfish. The results showed that the juveniles had better growth at a salinity of 10, 15 and 20, with survival rate of 97.50%, 98.33% and 91.67%, and SGR of 1.904, 2.001 and 2.077%/d, respectively. However, there was significantly lower survival rate at a salinity of 5(0%), 7.5(19.17%) and 30(76.67%) than that at a salinity of 10, 15, 20(P<0.05). The FCR was varied from 1.230 to 1.367, significantly lower at water salinity of 15, 20 and 25 than at 7.5 and 30(P<0.05), without significant difference among the salinity at 10, 15, 20 and 25(P>0.05). The FI was shown to be changes from 1.282%/d to 2.157%/d during the experiment, significantly lower at water salinity of 15, 20 and 25 than at water salinity of 7.5 and 30(P<0.05), without significant difference between each group at water salinity of 10, 15, 20 and 25(P>0.05). The OR and AR was increased with the increase in water salinity within the water salinity range of 7.5-30 first, and then decreased with the increase in water salinity, the peak values 0.137 mg/(g·h), and 10.406 μg/(g·h) at a salinity of 15 and 25. The OR(y)showed relationship with water salinity(x) as y=-0.0002x~2+0.0091x+0.0512(R~2=0.9287), with O/N value of 12.160-16.415 in the fish. In conclusion, marbled rockfish juveniles have strong salinity tolerance and can adapt to low salt or high salt water by regulating physiological metabolism level, and it is suggested that a salinity of 15-25 be the optimum salinity range for growth and metabolism in marbled rockfish.
Specific growth rate(SGR), survival rate, food intake(FI), food conversion ratio(FCR), oxygen consumption rate(OR) and ammonia excretion rate(AR) were determined in juvenile marbled rockfish Sebastisucus marmoratus with body weight of(3.65±0.82)g in an indoor tank of 6.5 m×2.5 m×(water depth 1.3 m) with a salinity of 5, 7.5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 at water temperature of 19-28 ℃ for 8 weeks in order to investigate the effect of salinity on growth and metabolism of marbled rockfish. The results showed that the juveniles had better growth at a salinity of 10, 15 and 20, with survival rate of 97.50%, 98.33% and 91.67%, and SGR of 1.904, 2.001 and 2.077%/d, respectively. However, there was significantly lower survival rate at a salinity of 5(0%), 7.5(19.17%) and 30(76.67%) than that at a salinity of 10, 15, 20(P<0.05). The FCR was varied from 1.230 to 1.367, significantly lower at water salinity of 15, 20 and 25 than at 7.5 and 30(P<0.05), without significant difference among the salinity at 10, 15, 20 and 25(P>0.05). The FI was shown to be changes from 1.282%/d to 2.157%/d during the experiment, significantly lower at water salinity of 15, 20 and 25 than at water salinity of 7.5 and 30(P<0.05), without significant difference between each group at water salinity of 10, 15, 20 and 25(P>0.05). The OR and AR was increased with the increase in water salinity within the water salinity range of 7.5-30 first, and then decreased with the increase in water salinity, the peak values 0.137 mg/(g·h), and 10.406 μg/(g·h) at a salinity of 15 and 25. The OR(y)showed relationship with water salinity(x) as y=-0.0002x~2+0.0091x+0.0512(R~2=0.9287), with O/N value of 12.160-16.415 in the fish. In conclusion, marbled rockfish juveniles have strong salinity tolerance and can adapt to low salt or high salt water by regulating physiological metabolism level, and it is suggested that a salinity of 15-25 be the optimum salinity range for growth and metabolism in marbled rockfish.
引文
[1] 许明海.褐菖鲉渔业生物学初步研究[J].海洋渔业,1999(4):159-162.
[2] 吴常文,王伟洪,李昌达.褐菖鲉Sebastiscus marmoratus性腺、胚胎和仔鱼发育的初步研究[J].浙江海洋学院学报:自然科学版,1999,18(4):310-314.
[3] 高明良,袁重桂,阮成旭,等.盐度对褐菖鲉仔鱼活力影响的研究[J].福建水产,2006(1):42-44.
[4] 张倩,袁重桂,阮成旭,等.褐菖鲉的耗氧率与温度、盐度和体重的关系[J].福建水产,2007(4):12-16.
[5] 邱成功,徐善良,林少珍,等.不同温度条件下褐菖鲉幼鱼的耗氧率和排氨率[J].应用海洋学学报,2014,33(1):84-89.
[6] 朱爱意,赵向炯,付俊.褐菖鲉耗氧率及窒息点的初步研究[J].海洋水产研究,2007,28(1):95-100.
[7] 刘世英.溶氧量与鱼类关系的研究概况[J].国外水产,1988(1):17-25.
[8] Sindilariu P D,Schulz C,Reiter R.Treatment of flow-through trout aquaculture effluents in a constructed wetland[J].Aquaculture,2007,270(1-4):92-104.
[9] 陈佳荣.水化学实验指导书[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1996:139-141.
[10] 冯广朋,章龙珍,庄平,等.海水网箱养殖长鳍篮子鱼的摄食与生长特性[J].海洋渔业,2008,30(1):37-42.
[11] 闫茂仓,单乐州,谢起浪,等.温度、盐度及体重对条石鲷幼鱼耗氧率和排氨率的影响[J].海洋科学进展,2008,26(4):486-496.
[12] Hwang P P,Lee T H.New insights into fish ion regulation and mitochondrion-rich cells[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A:Molecular & Integrative Physiology,2007,148(3):479-497.
[13] B?uf G,Payan P.How should salinity influence fish growth?[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C:Toxicology & Pharmacology,2001,130(4):411-423.
[14] 曾霖,雷霁霖,刘滨,等.盐度对大菱鲆幼鱼生长和肌肉营养成分的影响[J].水产学报,2013,37(10):1535-1541.
[15] 强俊,任洪涛,徐跑,等.温度与盐度对吉富品系尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼生长和肝脏抗氧化酶活力的协同影响[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(1):255-263.
[16] Likongwe J S,Stecko T D,Stauffer J R,et al.Combined effects of water temperature and salinity on growth and feed utilization of juvenile Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linneaus)[J].Aquaculture,1996,146(1-2):37-46.
[17] 税春,张海明,施永海,等.盐度对梭鱼幼鱼生长、渗透生理和体成分组成的影响[J].大连海洋大学学报,2015,30(6):634-640.
[18] 吴常文.若干环境因子对褐菖鲉仔鱼存活率的影响[J].浙江海洋学院学报:自然科学版,2000,19(1):12-16.
[19] 尤宏争,孙志景,张勤,等.盐度对豹纹鳃棘鲈幼鱼摄食生长及体成分的影响[J].大连海洋大学学报,2013,28(1):89-93.
[20] Imsland A K,Bj?rnsson B T,Gunnarsson S,et al.Temperature and salinity effects on plasma insulin-like growth factor-I concentrations and growth in juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)[J].Aquaculture,2007,271(1-4):546-552.
[21] Imsland A K,Foss A,Gunnarsson S,et al.The interaction of temperature and salinity on growth and food conversion in juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)[J].Aquaculture,2001,198(3-4):353-367.
[22] Huang Zhihui,Ma Aijun,Wang Xin’an,et al.Interaction of temperature and salinity on the expression of immunity factors in different tissues of juvenile turbot Scophthalmus maximus based on response surface methodology[J].Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2015,33(1):28-36.
[23] Tipsmark C K,Madsen S S,Borski R J.Effect of salinity on expression of branchial ion transporters in striped bass (Morone saxatilis)[J].Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A:Comparative Experimental Biology,2004,301A(12):979-991.
[24] 王波,李继强,曹志海,等.大西洋牙鲆幼鱼标准代谢的初步研究[J].海洋科学进展,2004,22(1):62-68.
[25] 邢道超,宋协法,彭磊,等.温度与盐度对云龙石斑鱼幼鱼耗氧率和排氨率的影响[J].渔业现代化,2017,44(3):7-14.
[26] Woo N Y S,Kelly S P.Effects of salinity and nutritional status on growth and metabolism of Sparu sarba in a closed seawater system[J].Aquaculture,1995,135(1-3):229-238.
[27] Braun M H,Steele S L,Perry S F.The responses of zebrafish (Danio rerio) to high external ammonia and urea transporter inhibition:nitrogen excretion and expression of rhesus glycoproteins and urea transporter proteins[J].Journal of Experimental Biology,2009,212(23):3846-3856.
[28] Morgan J D,Iwama G K.Effects of salinity on growth,metabolism,and ion regulation in juvenile rainbow and steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and fall chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,1991,48(11):2083-2094.
[29] 柴学军,胡则辉,徐君卓,等.盐度和pH对日本黄姑鱼幼鱼耗氧率和排氨率的影响[J].浙江海洋学院学报:自然科学版,2009,28(2):146-150.
[30] 张涛,王庚申,平洪领,等.盐度对大黄鱼幼鱼耗氧率和排氨率的影响研究[J].浙江海洋学院学报:自然科学版,2015,34(4):310-313.
[31] 郭念岗,吴雄飞,沈伟良,等.温度和盐度对岱衢族大黄鱼排氨率和耗氧率的影响[J].渔业现代化,2014,41(3):21-25.
[32] 李加儿,曹守花,区又君,等.温度、盐度和pH对鲻幼鱼耗氧率、排氨率以及窒息点的影响[J].中国水产科学,2014,21(5):954-962.
[33] 雷思佳.盐度与体重对台湾红罗非鱼耗氧率的影响[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(6):739-742.
[34] 王资生,黄金田,彭斌.半滑舌鳎的耗氧率与盐度和体重的关系[J].海洋渔业,2003(4):177-179,176.
[35] 刘旭佳,黄国强,彭银辉.不同溶氧变动模式对鲻生长、能量代谢和氧化应激的影响[J].水产学报,2015,39(5):679-690.
[2] 吴常文,王伟洪,李昌达.褐菖鲉Sebastiscus marmoratus性腺、胚胎和仔鱼发育的初步研究[J].浙江海洋学院学报:自然科学版,1999,18(4):310-314.
[3] 高明良,袁重桂,阮成旭,等.盐度对褐菖鲉仔鱼活力影响的研究[J].福建水产,2006(1):42-44.
[4] 张倩,袁重桂,阮成旭,等.褐菖鲉的耗氧率与温度、盐度和体重的关系[J].福建水产,2007(4):12-16.
[5] 邱成功,徐善良,林少珍,等.不同温度条件下褐菖鲉幼鱼的耗氧率和排氨率[J].应用海洋学学报,2014,33(1):84-89.
[6] 朱爱意,赵向炯,付俊.褐菖鲉耗氧率及窒息点的初步研究[J].海洋水产研究,2007,28(1):95-100.
[7] 刘世英.溶氧量与鱼类关系的研究概况[J].国外水产,1988(1):17-25.
[8] Sindilariu P D,Schulz C,Reiter R.Treatment of flow-through trout aquaculture effluents in a constructed wetland[J].Aquaculture,2007,270(1-4):92-104.
[9] 陈佳荣.水化学实验指导书[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1996:139-141.
[10] 冯广朋,章龙珍,庄平,等.海水网箱养殖长鳍篮子鱼的摄食与生长特性[J].海洋渔业,2008,30(1):37-42.
[11] 闫茂仓,单乐州,谢起浪,等.温度、盐度及体重对条石鲷幼鱼耗氧率和排氨率的影响[J].海洋科学进展,2008,26(4):486-496.
[12] Hwang P P,Lee T H.New insights into fish ion regulation and mitochondrion-rich cells[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A:Molecular & Integrative Physiology,2007,148(3):479-497.
[13] B?uf G,Payan P.How should salinity influence fish growth?[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C:Toxicology & Pharmacology,2001,130(4):411-423.
[14] 曾霖,雷霁霖,刘滨,等.盐度对大菱鲆幼鱼生长和肌肉营养成分的影响[J].水产学报,2013,37(10):1535-1541.
[15] 强俊,任洪涛,徐跑,等.温度与盐度对吉富品系尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼生长和肝脏抗氧化酶活力的协同影响[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(1):255-263.
[16] Likongwe J S,Stecko T D,Stauffer J R,et al.Combined effects of water temperature and salinity on growth and feed utilization of juvenile Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linneaus)[J].Aquaculture,1996,146(1-2):37-46.
[17] 税春,张海明,施永海,等.盐度对梭鱼幼鱼生长、渗透生理和体成分组成的影响[J].大连海洋大学学报,2015,30(6):634-640.
[18] 吴常文.若干环境因子对褐菖鲉仔鱼存活率的影响[J].浙江海洋学院学报:自然科学版,2000,19(1):12-16.
[19] 尤宏争,孙志景,张勤,等.盐度对豹纹鳃棘鲈幼鱼摄食生长及体成分的影响[J].大连海洋大学学报,2013,28(1):89-93.
[20] Imsland A K,Bj?rnsson B T,Gunnarsson S,et al.Temperature and salinity effects on plasma insulin-like growth factor-I concentrations and growth in juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)[J].Aquaculture,2007,271(1-4):546-552.
[21] Imsland A K,Foss A,Gunnarsson S,et al.The interaction of temperature and salinity on growth and food conversion in juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)[J].Aquaculture,2001,198(3-4):353-367.
[22] Huang Zhihui,Ma Aijun,Wang Xin’an,et al.Interaction of temperature and salinity on the expression of immunity factors in different tissues of juvenile turbot Scophthalmus maximus based on response surface methodology[J].Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2015,33(1):28-36.
[23] Tipsmark C K,Madsen S S,Borski R J.Effect of salinity on expression of branchial ion transporters in striped bass (Morone saxatilis)[J].Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A:Comparative Experimental Biology,2004,301A(12):979-991.
[24] 王波,李继强,曹志海,等.大西洋牙鲆幼鱼标准代谢的初步研究[J].海洋科学进展,2004,22(1):62-68.
[25] 邢道超,宋协法,彭磊,等.温度与盐度对云龙石斑鱼幼鱼耗氧率和排氨率的影响[J].渔业现代化,2017,44(3):7-14.
[26] Woo N Y S,Kelly S P.Effects of salinity and nutritional status on growth and metabolism of Sparu sarba in a closed seawater system[J].Aquaculture,1995,135(1-3):229-238.
[27] Braun M H,Steele S L,Perry S F.The responses of zebrafish (Danio rerio) to high external ammonia and urea transporter inhibition:nitrogen excretion and expression of rhesus glycoproteins and urea transporter proteins[J].Journal of Experimental Biology,2009,212(23):3846-3856.
[28] Morgan J D,Iwama G K.Effects of salinity on growth,metabolism,and ion regulation in juvenile rainbow and steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and fall chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,1991,48(11):2083-2094.
[29] 柴学军,胡则辉,徐君卓,等.盐度和pH对日本黄姑鱼幼鱼耗氧率和排氨率的影响[J].浙江海洋学院学报:自然科学版,2009,28(2):146-150.
[30] 张涛,王庚申,平洪领,等.盐度对大黄鱼幼鱼耗氧率和排氨率的影响研究[J].浙江海洋学院学报:自然科学版,2015,34(4):310-313.
[31] 郭念岗,吴雄飞,沈伟良,等.温度和盐度对岱衢族大黄鱼排氨率和耗氧率的影响[J].渔业现代化,2014,41(3):21-25.
[32] 李加儿,曹守花,区又君,等.温度、盐度和pH对鲻幼鱼耗氧率、排氨率以及窒息点的影响[J].中国水产科学,2014,21(5):954-962.
[33] 雷思佳.盐度与体重对台湾红罗非鱼耗氧率的影响[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(6):739-742.
[34] 王资生,黄金田,彭斌.半滑舌鳎的耗氧率与盐度和体重的关系[J].海洋渔业,2003(4):177-179,176.
[35] 刘旭佳,黄国强,彭银辉.不同溶氧变动模式对鲻生长、能量代谢和氧化应激的影响[J].水产学报,2015,39(5):679-690.
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