伽玛分布地貌瞬时单位线在中小河流洪水预报中的应用
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摘要
针对无资料或缺资料中小河流洪水预报问题,基于地貌瞬时单位线(GIUH)理论,利用更符合水文物理规律的伽玛分布函数来代替一般GIUH理论中的指数分布概率密度函数,考虑坡面汇流的传播时间,将坡地作为特殊河流计入地貌瞬时单位线,建立了具有水动力学基础的两参数伽玛分布GIUH汇流模型,采用Eagleson-Bras经验公式推求水动力学参数,采用半经验方法计算特征河长,减弱了模型对实测资料的依赖,并将该模型应用于广西西江水系双和流域。结果表明,利用该模型模拟的各场次洪水确定性系数均值为0.83,合格率为80%,模拟结果较好。
Aiming at the problems of flood forecasting in ungauged middle and small rivers,based on the theory of geomorphic instantaneous unit hydrograph(GIUH),the Gamma distribution function,which is more conform to hydrophysical laws,was used to replace the exponential distribution probability function in general GIUH theory.And the slope was included in the GIUH as a special river considered for its propagation time of slope concentration.Thus,twoparameter gamma-distribution GIUH model that has hydrodynamic foundations was developed.In order to reduce the dependence on the measured data,the Eagleson-Bras empirical formula was adopted to acquire the hydrodynamic parameters and semi-experiential method was used to calculate the characteristic river length.The model was applied to simulate the hydrological processes of the Shuanghe Basin in Xijiang River.The results show that the average of the certainty coefficient of each individual flood is 0.83,and the qualification ratio is 80%,which means a better simulation result.
Aiming at the problems of flood forecasting in ungauged middle and small rivers,based on the theory of geomorphic instantaneous unit hydrograph(GIUH),the Gamma distribution function,which is more conform to hydrophysical laws,was used to replace the exponential distribution probability function in general GIUH theory.And the slope was included in the GIUH as a special river considered for its propagation time of slope concentration.Thus,twoparameter gamma-distribution GIUH model that has hydrodynamic foundations was developed.In order to reduce the dependence on the measured data,the Eagleson-Bras empirical formula was adopted to acquire the hydrodynamic parameters and semi-experiential method was used to calculate the characteristic river length.The model was applied to simulate the hydrological processes of the Shuanghe Basin in Xijiang River.The results show that the average of the certainty coefficient of each individual flood is 0.83,and the qualification ratio is 80%,which means a better simulation result.
引文
[1]水利部规划计划司,水利水电规划设计总院.全国重点地区中小河流近期治理建设规划工作大纲[EB/OL]//http:www.docin.com/p-579112846.html.2008-07.
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[3]Jain V,Sinha R.Derivation of Unit Hydrograph from GIUH Analysis for a Himalayan River[J].Water Resources Management,2003,17(5):355-376.
[4]石朋,芮孝芳,瞿思敏,等.考虑水流空间变异性的地貌瞬时单位线研究[J].水电能源科学,2008,26(2):11-14.
[5]陈绳甲,陈元深.地貌气候单位线的分析与计算[J].武汉大学学报:工学版,1985(3):35-42.
[6]梁瑞驹,谢平.伽玛分布地貌瞬时单位线[J].水利学报,1996(6):1-8.
[7]谢平,叶守泽.河道洪水演算方法之间参数关系的研究[J].水电能源科学,1993,11(4):242-247.
[8]赖佩英,夏岑岭.变速地貌单位线[J].合肥工业大学学报:自然科学版,1989,12(2):106-116.
[9]芮孝芳.水文学原理[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2004.
[10]李琪,文康.地貌单位线通用公式中动力因子—流速计算的研究[J].海河水利,1989(1):6-12.
[11]范世香,高雁,程银才.特征河长的一种半经验新计算方法[J].水电能源科学,2007,25(4):50-53.
[2]Iturbe R,Valdes J B.The Geomorphologic Structure of Hydrologic Response[J].Water Resources Research,1979,15(6):1 409-1 420.
[3]Jain V,Sinha R.Derivation of Unit Hydrograph from GIUH Analysis for a Himalayan River[J].Water Resources Management,2003,17(5):355-376.
[4]石朋,芮孝芳,瞿思敏,等.考虑水流空间变异性的地貌瞬时单位线研究[J].水电能源科学,2008,26(2):11-14.
[5]陈绳甲,陈元深.地貌气候单位线的分析与计算[J].武汉大学学报:工学版,1985(3):35-42.
[6]梁瑞驹,谢平.伽玛分布地貌瞬时单位线[J].水利学报,1996(6):1-8.
[7]谢平,叶守泽.河道洪水演算方法之间参数关系的研究[J].水电能源科学,1993,11(4):242-247.
[8]赖佩英,夏岑岭.变速地貌单位线[J].合肥工业大学学报:自然科学版,1989,12(2):106-116.
[9]芮孝芳.水文学原理[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2004.
[10]李琪,文康.地貌单位线通用公式中动力因子—流速计算的研究[J].海河水利,1989(1):6-12.
[11]范世香,高雁,程银才.特征河长的一种半经验新计算方法[J].水电能源科学,2007,25(4):50-53.