巴东组易滑地层异性层面剪切特性及水致劣化规律研究
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摘要
异性层面剪切特性及水致劣化规律是巴东组地层岩体稳定性及地质灾害致灾机制研究的基础。以巴东组3类典型异性层面(粉砂质泥岩/泥质粉砂岩、泥质粉砂岩/泥灰岩、泥灰岩/泥岩)为研究对象,首先开展了3类典型异性层面的壁岩电镜扫描试验、天然及饱水状态下的壁岩单轴压缩试验,分析了巴东组典型异性层面壁岩微观特性及壁岩宏观力学性质的水致劣化规律。在此基础上,开展了天然和饱水状态下3类典型异性层面的室内直剪试验,研究了巴东组典型异性层面剪切特性,提出了异性层面基本摩擦角的预测公式。基于上述试验结果,分析了巴东组典型异性层面的水致劣化规律。研究表明:(1)巴东组异性层面壁岩黏土矿物含量及微观结构对异性层面剪切特性的水致劣化规律具有重要影响;(2)异性层面的基本摩擦角介于两侧壁岩对应的同性结构面的基本摩擦角之间,且更接近强度较低一侧壁岩同性结构面的基本摩擦角;(3)异性层面的水致劣化系数主要受控于强度较低一侧壁岩的软化系数;(4)巴东组粉砂质泥岩/泥质粉砂岩、泥质粉砂岩/泥灰岩及泥灰岩/泥岩间异性层面的劣化系数分别为0.915、0.951和0.731。
Shear property and water-induced deterioration of discontinuities with different joint wall material(DDJM) play an important role in studies on stability of rock mass and mechanism of geological hazards in the Badong formation. Scanning electron microscope tests and uniaxial compression tests under natural and saturated conditions were firstly conducted on three typical DDJM(silty mudstone/argillaceous siltstone, argillaceous siltstone/argillaceous limestone, and argillaceous limestone/mudstone) to investigate microscopic characteristics of joint walls and water-induced deterioration of the macro mechanical property. Shear properties of these three types of DDJM under natural and saturated conditions were then studied by direct shear tests. A formula to predict the basic friction angle of DDJM was proposed. The results indicate that: 1) the water-induced deterioration of shear property of DDJM is greatly affected by the content of clay minerals and microscopic structure of their joint walls; 2) the basic friction angle of DDJM falls between that of discontinuities with identical joint wall material(DIJM) same with two joint walls of DDJM, and is close to value of DIJM with joint walls same with the softer side of DDJM; 3) the coefficient of water induced deterioration of DDJM is mainly controlled by softening coefficient of the softer joint wall; 4) the coefficient of water-induced deterioration of these three types of DDJM(silty mudstone/argillaceous siltstone、argillaceous siltstone/argillaceous limestone、argillaceous limestone/mudstone) in the Badong formation are 0.915, 0.951 and 0.731, respectively.
Shear property and water-induced deterioration of discontinuities with different joint wall material(DDJM) play an important role in studies on stability of rock mass and mechanism of geological hazards in the Badong formation. Scanning electron microscope tests and uniaxial compression tests under natural and saturated conditions were firstly conducted on three typical DDJM(silty mudstone/argillaceous siltstone, argillaceous siltstone/argillaceous limestone, and argillaceous limestone/mudstone) to investigate microscopic characteristics of joint walls and water-induced deterioration of the macro mechanical property. Shear properties of these three types of DDJM under natural and saturated conditions were then studied by direct shear tests. A formula to predict the basic friction angle of DDJM was proposed. The results indicate that: 1) the water-induced deterioration of shear property of DDJM is greatly affected by the content of clay minerals and microscopic structure of their joint walls; 2) the basic friction angle of DDJM falls between that of discontinuities with identical joint wall material(DIJM) same with two joint walls of DDJM, and is close to value of DIJM with joint walls same with the softer side of DDJM; 3) the coefficient of water induced deterioration of DDJM is mainly controlled by softening coefficient of the softer joint wall; 4) the coefficient of water-induced deterioration of these three types of DDJM(silty mudstone/argillaceous siltstone、argillaceous siltstone/argillaceous limestone、argillaceous limestone/mudstone) in the Badong formation are 0.915, 0.951 and 0.731, respectively.
引文
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[11]MEHRISHAL S,SHARIFZADEH M,SHAHRIAR K,et al.An experimental study on normal stress and shear rate dependency of basic friction coefficient in dry and wet limestone joints[J].Rock Mechanics&Rock Engineering,2016,49:4609-4629.
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[14]鲁祖德,陈从新.自然与饱水条件下异性结构面的剪切特性研究[J].岩土力学,2012,33(增刊1):13-18.LU Zhu-de,CHEN Cong-xin.Study of shear property of heterogeneous structural surface under natural and saturated condition[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(Suppl.1):13-18.
[15]方堃,吴琼,王姣,等.基于颗粒流异性层面剪切特性及演化机制研究[J].长江科学院院报,2014,31(11):31-37.FANG Kun,WU Qiong,WANG Jiao,et al.Research on shear characteristics and the evolution mechanism of bedding planes between two different rock types based on particle flow code[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2014,31(11):31-37.
[16]张雅慧,汪丁建,唐辉明,等.基于PFC2D数值试验的异性结构面剪切强度特性研究[J].岩土力学,2016,37(4):1031-1041.ZHANG Ya-hui,WANG Ding-jian,TANG Hui-ming,et al.Study of shear strength characteristics of heterogeneous discontinuities using PFC2D simulation[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(4):1031-1041.
[17]WU Q,XU Y J,TANG H M,et al.Peak shear strength prediction for discontinuities between two different rock types using neural network approach[J].Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment,2018,DOI:10.1007/s10064-018-1230-9.
[18]李华亮,邓清禄,易顺华.三峡库区区域构造及巴东组构造变形特征[J].地质科技情报,2007,26(4):31-36.LI Hua-liang,DENG Qing-lu,YI Shun-hua.Regional tectonics of Three Gorge reservoir area and the structural deformation of Badong formation[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2007,26(4):31-36.
[19]卢海峰,陈从新,袁从华,等.巴东组红层软岩缓倾顺层边坡破坏机制分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(增刊2):3569-3577.LU Hai-feng,CHEN Cong-xin,YUAN Cong-hua,et al.Analysis of failure mechanism of Badong red bed soft rock gently inclined bedding slope[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(Suppl.2):3569-3577.
[20]殷跃平.三峡库区边坡结构及失稳模式研究[J].工程地质学报,2005,13(2):145-154.YIN Yue-ping.Human-cutting slope structure and failure pattern at the Three Gorges reservoir[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2005,13(2):145-154.
[21]张加桂.三峡库区巫山县新城址巴东组三段形成的大型复杂滑坡特征及成因机制[J].地球学报,2001,22(2):145-148.ZHANG Jia-gui.Features and genesis of large complex landslide developed from 3rd member of Badong formation in the newly built Wushan County seat,Three Gorges reservoir region[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,2001,22(2):145-148.
[22]黄润秋.20世纪以来中国的大型滑坡及其发生机制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(3):433-454.HUANG Run-qiu.Large-scale landslides and their sliding mechanisms in China since the 20th century[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(3):433-454.
[23]唐辉明,马淑芝,刘佑荣,等.三峡工程库区巴东县赵树岭滑坡稳定性与防治对策研究[J].地球科学--中国地质大学学报,2002,27(5):621-625.TANG Hui-ming,MA Shu-zhi,LIU You-rong,et al.Stability and control measures of Zhaoshuling landslide,Badong county,Three Gorges reservoir[J].Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences,2002,27(5):621-625.
[24]朱效嘉.软岩的水理性质[J].矿业科学技术,1996,(3/4):46-50.ZHU Xiao-jia.Characteristics of soft rocks interacting with water[J].Scientific Technology of Mining,1996,(3/4):46-50.
[25]ASHBY M F,RAJ R.Diffusion-controlled sliding at a serrated grain boundary[J].Scripta Metallurgica,1970,4(9):737-741.
[26]YEONG J O,CHANG C D.Effect of host rock properties on shear behavior of discontinuities in sandstones[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2017,100:238-249.
[2]PATTON F D.Multiple modes of shear failure in rock[C]//Proceedings of the First Congress of the International Society of Rock Mechanics.Lisbon:[s.n.],1966.
[3]BARTON N.Review of new shear-strength criterion for rock joints[J].Engineering Geology,1973,7(3):287-332.
[4]GRASSELLI G,EGGER P.Constitutive law for the shear strength of rock joints based on three-dimensional surface parameters[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2003,40(1):25-40.
[5]刘泉声,雷广峰,彭星新,等.锚杆锚固对节理岩体剪切性能影响试验研究及机制分析[J].岩土力学,2017,38(增刊1):27-35.LIU Quan-sheng,LEI Guang-feng,PENG Xing-xin,et al.Experimental study and mechanism analysis of influence of bolt anchoring on shear properties of jointed rock mass[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2017,38(Suppl.1):27-35.
[6]曹平,范祥,蒲成志,等.节理剪切试验及其表面形貌特征变化分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(3):480-485.CAO Ping,FAN Xiang,PU Cheng-zhi,et al.Shear test of joint and analysis of morphology characteristic evolution of joint surface[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(3):480-485.
[7]黄达,黄润秋,雷鹏.贯通型单台阶岩体结构面剪切性质及应用[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2016,47(6):2015-2022.HAUNG Da,HAUNG Run-qiu,LEI Peng.Shear properties of through-going discontinuity with a rock step and its application[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2016,47(6):2015-2022.
[8]李克钢,许江,李树春.三峡库区岩体天然结构面抗剪性能试验研究[J].岩土力学,2005,26(7):1063-1067.LI Ke-gang,XU Jiang,LI Shu-chun.Study on property of rock mass discontinuity shear strength in Three Gorges reservoir area[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(7):1063-1067.
[9]李鹏,刘建,朱杰兵,等.软弱结构面剪切蠕变特性与含水率关系研究[J].岩土力学,2008,29(7):1865-1871.LI Peng,LIU Jian,ZHU Jie-bing,et al.Research on effects of water content on shear creep behavior of weak structural plane of sandstone[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(7):1865-1871.
[10]王智德,夏元友,夏国邦,等.顺层岩质边坡结构面抗剪强度特性试验研究[J].岩土力学,2015,36(增刊2):193-200.WANG Zhi-de,XIA Yuan-you,XIA Guo-bang,et al.An experimental study of shear strength characteristics of structural plane of bedding rock slope[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(Suppl.2):193-200.
[11]MEHRISHAL S,SHARIFZADEH M,SHAHRIAR K,et al.An experimental study on normal stress and shear rate dependency of basic friction coefficient in dry and wet limestone joints[J].Rock Mechanics&Rock Engineering,2016,49:4609-4629.
[12]贺建明,吴刚.岩体异性结构面的抗剪强度准则[J].重庆大学学报,1994,17(2):105-110.HE Jian-ming,WU Gang.The criterion for shear strength of discontinuities with different rock properties on rock mass[J].Journal of Chongqing University,1994,17(2):105-110.
[13]GHAZVINIAN A H,TAGHICHIAN A,HASHEMI M,et al.The shear behavior of bedding planes of weakness between two different rock types with high strength difference[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2010,43(1):69-87.
[14]鲁祖德,陈从新.自然与饱水条件下异性结构面的剪切特性研究[J].岩土力学,2012,33(增刊1):13-18.LU Zhu-de,CHEN Cong-xin.Study of shear property of heterogeneous structural surface under natural and saturated condition[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(Suppl.1):13-18.
[15]方堃,吴琼,王姣,等.基于颗粒流异性层面剪切特性及演化机制研究[J].长江科学院院报,2014,31(11):31-37.FANG Kun,WU Qiong,WANG Jiao,et al.Research on shear characteristics and the evolution mechanism of bedding planes between two different rock types based on particle flow code[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2014,31(11):31-37.
[16]张雅慧,汪丁建,唐辉明,等.基于PFC2D数值试验的异性结构面剪切强度特性研究[J].岩土力学,2016,37(4):1031-1041.ZHANG Ya-hui,WANG Ding-jian,TANG Hui-ming,et al.Study of shear strength characteristics of heterogeneous discontinuities using PFC2D simulation[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(4):1031-1041.
[17]WU Q,XU Y J,TANG H M,et al.Peak shear strength prediction for discontinuities between two different rock types using neural network approach[J].Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment,2018,DOI:10.1007/s10064-018-1230-9.
[18]李华亮,邓清禄,易顺华.三峡库区区域构造及巴东组构造变形特征[J].地质科技情报,2007,26(4):31-36.LI Hua-liang,DENG Qing-lu,YI Shun-hua.Regional tectonics of Three Gorge reservoir area and the structural deformation of Badong formation[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2007,26(4):31-36.
[19]卢海峰,陈从新,袁从华,等.巴东组红层软岩缓倾顺层边坡破坏机制分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(增刊2):3569-3577.LU Hai-feng,CHEN Cong-xin,YUAN Cong-hua,et al.Analysis of failure mechanism of Badong red bed soft rock gently inclined bedding slope[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(Suppl.2):3569-3577.
[20]殷跃平.三峡库区边坡结构及失稳模式研究[J].工程地质学报,2005,13(2):145-154.YIN Yue-ping.Human-cutting slope structure and failure pattern at the Three Gorges reservoir[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2005,13(2):145-154.
[21]张加桂.三峡库区巫山县新城址巴东组三段形成的大型复杂滑坡特征及成因机制[J].地球学报,2001,22(2):145-148.ZHANG Jia-gui.Features and genesis of large complex landslide developed from 3rd member of Badong formation in the newly built Wushan County seat,Three Gorges reservoir region[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,2001,22(2):145-148.
[22]黄润秋.20世纪以来中国的大型滑坡及其发生机制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(3):433-454.HUANG Run-qiu.Large-scale landslides and their sliding mechanisms in China since the 20th century[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(3):433-454.
[23]唐辉明,马淑芝,刘佑荣,等.三峡工程库区巴东县赵树岭滑坡稳定性与防治对策研究[J].地球科学--中国地质大学学报,2002,27(5):621-625.TANG Hui-ming,MA Shu-zhi,LIU You-rong,et al.Stability and control measures of Zhaoshuling landslide,Badong county,Three Gorges reservoir[J].Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences,2002,27(5):621-625.
[24]朱效嘉.软岩的水理性质[J].矿业科学技术,1996,(3/4):46-50.ZHU Xiao-jia.Characteristics of soft rocks interacting with water[J].Scientific Technology of Mining,1996,(3/4):46-50.
[25]ASHBY M F,RAJ R.Diffusion-controlled sliding at a serrated grain boundary[J].Scripta Metallurgica,1970,4(9):737-741.
[26]YEONG J O,CHANG C D.Effect of host rock properties on shear behavior of discontinuities in sandstones[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2017,100:238-249.