歧视知觉与流动儿童学校适应的关系:希望的调节作用——以江苏省为例
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摘要
目的:探讨希望在流动儿童歧视知觉和学校适应关系之间的调节作用。方法:运用个体歧视知觉问卷、儿童希望量表、城市流动儿童学校适应量表对江浙地区614名流动儿童进行问卷调查。结果:①流动儿童歧视知觉与希望、学校适应均呈显著性负相关;希望和学校适应均呈显著性正相关;②把性别、转学次数、流动时间作为控制变量之后,歧视知觉对流动儿童学校适应具有显著的负向预测作用,希望对流动儿童学校适应具有显著的正向预测作用;③希望在流动儿童歧视知觉和学校适应关系中起到调节作用,高希望水平能够降低歧视知觉对流动儿童学校适应的负向预测作用。
This study aims to explore the mediating effect of hope on migrant children's perceived discrimination and school adaptation, by testing 614 migrant children from Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces with the Individual Perceived Discrimination Questionnaire, the Children's Hope Scale, and the School Adaptation Scale for Urban Migrant Children. The results show the following:(1) The migrant children's perceived discrimination was significantly and negatively correlated with their hope and school adaptation, and their hope was significantly and positively correlated with their school adaptation;(2) with their gender, the frequency of their transfer to other schools, and the duration of their migration viewed as control variables, their perceived discrimination could be used to significantly and negatively predict their school adaptation, and hope could be used to significantly and positively predict their school adaptation; and(3) hope mediated between their perceived discrimination and school adaptation, and high-level hope could be used to decrease the negative predictive effect of their perceived discrimination on their school adaptation.
This study aims to explore the mediating effect of hope on migrant children's perceived discrimination and school adaptation, by testing 614 migrant children from Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces with the Individual Perceived Discrimination Questionnaire, the Children's Hope Scale, and the School Adaptation Scale for Urban Migrant Children. The results show the following:(1) The migrant children's perceived discrimination was significantly and negatively correlated with their hope and school adaptation, and their hope was significantly and positively correlated with their school adaptation;(2) with their gender, the frequency of their transfer to other schools, and the duration of their migration viewed as control variables, their perceived discrimination could be used to significantly and negatively predict their school adaptation, and hope could be used to significantly and positively predict their school adaptation; and(3) hope mediated between their perceived discrimination and school adaptation, and high-level hope could be used to decrease the negative predictive effect of their perceived discrimination on their school adaptation.
引文
1 教育部.二○一七年全国教育事业发展统计公报.教育科学论坛,2018,(2):6-9
2 谭千保.城市流动儿童的社会支持与学校适应的关系.中国健康心理学杂志,2010,18(1):68-70
3 张雅琦.流动儿童社会支持对学校适应的影响:社会身份认同的中介作用.硕士论文.湘潭:湖南科技大学,2016
4 Kupersmidt J B,Coie J D.Preadolescent peer status,aggression,and school adjustment as predictors of externalizing problems in adolescence.Child Development,1990,61(5):1350-1362
5 曹新美,刘在花.流动儿童学校适应在学校氛围与学习投入之间的中介作用.中国特殊教育,2018,(8):74-79
6 彭彦琴,江波,田婷婷.社会支持与城市移民子女生活满意度:学校适应的中介作用.心理学探新,2011,31(6):554-558
7 27 刘霞.流动儿童的歧视知觉:特点、影响因素与作用机制.博士论文.北京:北京师范大学,2008
8 10 33 蔺秀云,方晓义,刘杨,等.流动儿童歧视知觉与心理健康水平的关系及其心理机制.心理学报,2009,(10):967-979
9 Abramson L Y,Seligman M E,Teasdale J D.Learned helplessness in humans:Critique and reformulation.Journal of Abnormal Psychology,1978,87(1):49
11 朱倩,郭海英,潘瑾,等.流动儿童歧视知觉与问题行为——心理弹性的调节作用.中国临床心理学杂志,2015,23(3):529-533
12 郝振,崔丽娟.受歧视知觉对流动儿童社会融入的影响:中介机制及自尊的调节作用.心理发展与教育,2014,30(2):137-144
13 32 Brownfield D,Thompson K.Self-concept and delinquency:The effects of reflected appraisals by parent and peers.Western Criminology Review,2005,6(1):22-29
14 36 Buhs E S,Ladd G W.Peer rejection as antecedent of young children's school adjustment:An examination of mediating processes.Developmental Psychology,2001,37(4):550-561
15 31 张光珍,姜宁,梁宗保,等.流动儿童的歧视知觉与学校适应:一项追踪研究.心理发展与教育,2016,32(5):587-594
16 43 Snyder C R.Hope theory:Rainbows in the mind.Psychological Inquiry,2002,13(4):249-275
17 20 39 Snyder C R,Shorey H S,Cheavens J,et al.Hope and academic success in college.Journal of Educational Psychology,2002,94(4):820-826
18 Marques S C,Pais-Ribeiro J L,Lopez S J.The role of positive psychology constructs in predicting mental health and academic achievement in children and adolescents:A two-year longitudinal study.Journal of Happiness Studies,2011,12(6):1049-1062
19 40 Gallagher M W,Marques S C,Lopez S J.Hope and the academic trajectory of college students.Journal of Happiness Studies,2017,18(2):341-352
21 42 Garmezy N,Masten A S,Tellegen A.The study of stress and competence in children:A building block for developmental psychopathology.Child Development,1984,55(1):97-111
22 倪士光,李虹,张平,等.压力知觉对流动儿童社交焦虑的影响:希望的调节作用.中国特殊教育,2016,(11):63-68
23 周宵,伍新春,王文超,等.青少年侵入性反刍对创伤后成长的影响:主动反刍的中介和希望的调节作用.心理与行为研究,2017,15(4):544-550
24 Sun H,Tan Q,Fan G,et al.Different effects of rumination on depression:Key role of hope.International Journal of Mental Health Systems,2014,8(1):53
25 Goodman F R.,Disabato D J,Kashdan T B,et al.Personality strengths as resilience:A one year multiwave study.Journal of Personality,2017,85(3) :423-434
26 Pacico J C,Bastianello M R,Zanon C,et al.Adaptation and validation of the dispositional hope scale for adolescents.Psychology:Research and Review,2013,26(3):488-492
28 赵必华,孙彦.儿童希望量表中文版的信效度检验.中国心理卫生杂志,2011,25(6):454-459
29 李华英.流动初中生学校适应及其与社会支持、生活满意度的关系.硕士论文.开封:河南大学,2011
30 Aiken L S,West S G.Multiple regression:Testing and interpreting interactions.Thousand Oaks,CA:Sage,1991.212
34 Branscombe N R,Schmitt M T,Harvey R D.Perceiving pervasive discrimination among African Americans:Implications for group identification and well-being.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1999,77(1):135-149
35 Williams K D.Ostracism.Annual Review of Psychology,2007,58(2):425-452
37 Alva S A,de Los Reyes R.Psychosocial stress,internalized symptoms,and the academic achievement of Hispanic adolescents.Journal of Adolescent Research,1999,14(3):343-358
38 Liu Y,Lu Z.The Chinese high school student's stress in the school and academic achievement.Educational Psychology,2011,31(1):27-35
41 刘孟超,黄希庭.希望:心理学的研究述评.心理科学进展,2013,21(3):548-560
44 Ciarrochi J,Parker P,Kashdan T B,et al.Hope and emotional well-being:A six-year study to distinguish antecedents,correlates,and consequences.The Journal of Positive Psychology,2015,10(6):520-532
45 何瑾,樊富珉,程化琴,等.希望干预改善大学新生学习适应的效果.中国临床心理学杂志,2015,23(4):750-755
2 谭千保.城市流动儿童的社会支持与学校适应的关系.中国健康心理学杂志,2010,18(1):68-70
3 张雅琦.流动儿童社会支持对学校适应的影响:社会身份认同的中介作用.硕士论文.湘潭:湖南科技大学,2016
4 Kupersmidt J B,Coie J D.Preadolescent peer status,aggression,and school adjustment as predictors of externalizing problems in adolescence.Child Development,1990,61(5):1350-1362
5 曹新美,刘在花.流动儿童学校适应在学校氛围与学习投入之间的中介作用.中国特殊教育,2018,(8):74-79
6 彭彦琴,江波,田婷婷.社会支持与城市移民子女生活满意度:学校适应的中介作用.心理学探新,2011,31(6):554-558
7 27 刘霞.流动儿童的歧视知觉:特点、影响因素与作用机制.博士论文.北京:北京师范大学,2008
8 10 33 蔺秀云,方晓义,刘杨,等.流动儿童歧视知觉与心理健康水平的关系及其心理机制.心理学报,2009,(10):967-979
9 Abramson L Y,Seligman M E,Teasdale J D.Learned helplessness in humans:Critique and reformulation.Journal of Abnormal Psychology,1978,87(1):49
11 朱倩,郭海英,潘瑾,等.流动儿童歧视知觉与问题行为——心理弹性的调节作用.中国临床心理学杂志,2015,23(3):529-533
12 郝振,崔丽娟.受歧视知觉对流动儿童社会融入的影响:中介机制及自尊的调节作用.心理发展与教育,2014,30(2):137-144
13 32 Brownfield D,Thompson K.Self-concept and delinquency:The effects of reflected appraisals by parent and peers.Western Criminology Review,2005,6(1):22-29
14 36 Buhs E S,Ladd G W.Peer rejection as antecedent of young children's school adjustment:An examination of mediating processes.Developmental Psychology,2001,37(4):550-561
15 31 张光珍,姜宁,梁宗保,等.流动儿童的歧视知觉与学校适应:一项追踪研究.心理发展与教育,2016,32(5):587-594
16 43 Snyder C R.Hope theory:Rainbows in the mind.Psychological Inquiry,2002,13(4):249-275
17 20 39 Snyder C R,Shorey H S,Cheavens J,et al.Hope and academic success in college.Journal of Educational Psychology,2002,94(4):820-826
18 Marques S C,Pais-Ribeiro J L,Lopez S J.The role of positive psychology constructs in predicting mental health and academic achievement in children and adolescents:A two-year longitudinal study.Journal of Happiness Studies,2011,12(6):1049-1062
19 40 Gallagher M W,Marques S C,Lopez S J.Hope and the academic trajectory of college students.Journal of Happiness Studies,2017,18(2):341-352
21 42 Garmezy N,Masten A S,Tellegen A.The study of stress and competence in children:A building block for developmental psychopathology.Child Development,1984,55(1):97-111
22 倪士光,李虹,张平,等.压力知觉对流动儿童社交焦虑的影响:希望的调节作用.中国特殊教育,2016,(11):63-68
23 周宵,伍新春,王文超,等.青少年侵入性反刍对创伤后成长的影响:主动反刍的中介和希望的调节作用.心理与行为研究,2017,15(4):544-550
24 Sun H,Tan Q,Fan G,et al.Different effects of rumination on depression:Key role of hope.International Journal of Mental Health Systems,2014,8(1):53
25 Goodman F R.,Disabato D J,Kashdan T B,et al.Personality strengths as resilience:A one year multiwave study.Journal of Personality,2017,85(3) :423-434
26 Pacico J C,Bastianello M R,Zanon C,et al.Adaptation and validation of the dispositional hope scale for adolescents.Psychology:Research and Review,2013,26(3):488-492
28 赵必华,孙彦.儿童希望量表中文版的信效度检验.中国心理卫生杂志,2011,25(6):454-459
29 李华英.流动初中生学校适应及其与社会支持、生活满意度的关系.硕士论文.开封:河南大学,2011
30 Aiken L S,West S G.Multiple regression:Testing and interpreting interactions.Thousand Oaks,CA:Sage,1991.212
34 Branscombe N R,Schmitt M T,Harvey R D.Perceiving pervasive discrimination among African Americans:Implications for group identification and well-being.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1999,77(1):135-149
35 Williams K D.Ostracism.Annual Review of Psychology,2007,58(2):425-452
37 Alva S A,de Los Reyes R.Psychosocial stress,internalized symptoms,and the academic achievement of Hispanic adolescents.Journal of Adolescent Research,1999,14(3):343-358
38 Liu Y,Lu Z.The Chinese high school student's stress in the school and academic achievement.Educational Psychology,2011,31(1):27-35
41 刘孟超,黄希庭.希望:心理学的研究述评.心理科学进展,2013,21(3):548-560
44 Ciarrochi J,Parker P,Kashdan T B,et al.Hope and emotional well-being:A six-year study to distinguish antecedents,correlates,and consequences.The Journal of Positive Psychology,2015,10(6):520-532
45 何瑾,樊富珉,程化琴,等.希望干预改善大学新生学习适应的效果.中国临床心理学杂志,2015,23(4):750-755
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