回火温度对30Cr15Mo1N微观组织和力学性能影响
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摘要
为探索高氮马氏体钢在回火过程中组织性能演变,对30Cr15Mo1N高氮钢进行了不同温度下的回火处理,利用OM、XRD、拉伸、冲击、SEM和TEM等方法研究了高氮钢在回火过程中微观组织和力学性能的变化规律。结果表明,30Cr15Mo1N钢经淬火和低温处理后在150～700℃回火,随回火温度升高,显微组织中马氏体基体逐渐发生回复与再结晶,组织中马氏体形态逐渐消失,碳氮化物先在马氏体板条边界呈片状或棒状析出,逐渐演变为颗粒状弥散分布,700℃时碳氮化物聚集长大、球化。随着回火温度升高,30Cr15Mo1N钢的基体持续软化,析出强化不断增强,导致其在500℃以下回火时强度变化较小,抗拉强度保持在2 000 MPa以上;当回火温度大于500℃时,强度随回火温度升高而线性下降。随着回火温度升高,30Cr15Mo1N钢的U型缺口冲击吸收功先基本保持不变再持续升高,在700℃回火后冲击韧性达到45 J/cm2。不同回火温度下冲击性能的变化与其强度、塑性变化密切相关,冲击韧性好坏主要由塑性大小决定。
In order to explore the evolution of microstructure and properties of high nitrogen martensitic steel during tempering,the tempering treatment of 30 Cr15 Mo1 N high nitrogen steel at different temperatures was carried out. The changes of microstructure and mechanical properties of high nitrogen steel during tempering were studied by OM,XRD,tensile,impact,SEM and TEM. The results show that after 30 Cr15 Mo1 N steel is quenched after 1 h austenitizing at 1 030 ℃ and tempered twice at 150-700 ℃,with the increase of tempering temperature,the phase a matrix gradually recovers and recrystallizes in the microstructure,the body morphology gradually disappeared,and the carbonitrides first precipitated in the form of flakes or rods at the martensite slab boundary,and gradually evolved into a granular dispersion distribution. At 700 ℃,the carbonitride aggregates grow and spheroidize. As the tempering temperature increases,the matrix of 30 Cr15 Mo1 N steel continues to soften,and the precipitation strengthening is continuously enhanced,resulting in less change in strength when tempered below 500 ℃. Based on the mechanical test,it is found that after tempering at 500 ℃,the strength is linear with increasing tempering temperature decline. With the increase of tempering temperature,the U-notch impact absorption of 30 Cr15 Mo1 N steel is basically maintained at the level and then continues to rise. At last,it is concluded that the change of impact performance under different tempering temperatures is closely related to the change of strength and plasticity. The impact toughness is mainly determined by the plasticity.
In order to explore the evolution of microstructure and properties of high nitrogen martensitic steel during tempering,the tempering treatment of 30 Cr15 Mo1 N high nitrogen steel at different temperatures was carried out. The changes of microstructure and mechanical properties of high nitrogen steel during tempering were studied by OM,XRD,tensile,impact,SEM and TEM. The results show that after 30 Cr15 Mo1 N steel is quenched after 1 h austenitizing at 1 030 ℃ and tempered twice at 150-700 ℃,with the increase of tempering temperature,the phase a matrix gradually recovers and recrystallizes in the microstructure,the body morphology gradually disappeared,and the carbonitrides first precipitated in the form of flakes or rods at the martensite slab boundary,and gradually evolved into a granular dispersion distribution. At 700 ℃,the carbonitride aggregates grow and spheroidize. As the tempering temperature increases,the matrix of 30 Cr15 Mo1 N steel continues to soften,and the precipitation strengthening is continuously enhanced,resulting in less change in strength when tempered below 500 ℃. Based on the mechanical test,it is found that after tempering at 500 ℃,the strength is linear with increasing tempering temperature decline. With the increase of tempering temperature,the U-notch impact absorption of 30 Cr15 Mo1 N steel is basically maintained at the level and then continues to rise. At last,it is concluded that the change of impact performance under different tempering temperatures is closely related to the change of strength and plasticity. The impact toughness is mainly determined by the plasticity.
引文
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[19]Berns H,Duz V A,Gavriljuk V,et al.Precipitation during tempering of chromium-rich iron-based martensite alloyed with carbon and nitrogen[J].Zeitschrift für Metallkunde,1997,88(2):109.
[20]Krishna S C,Karthick N K,Jha A K,et al.Microstructure and properties of nitrogen-alloyed martensitic stainless steel[J].Metall Microst and Anal,2017,6(5):1.
[21]Gavriljuk V G,Berns H.Precipitates in tempered stainless martensitic steels alloyed with nitrogen,carbon or both[J].Materials Science Forum,1999,318/319/320(1):71.
[2]Trojahn W,Streit E,Chin H A,et al.Progress in bearing performance of advanced nitrogen alloyed stainless steel,cronidur 30[J].Materialwissenschaft Und Werkstofftechnik,1999,30(10):605.
[3]Kamachi Mudali U.High Nitrogen Steels and Staiinless Steels[M].India:Baldev Raj,2004.
[4]Byrnes M L G,Grujicic M,Owen W S.Nitrogen strengthening of a stable austenitic stainless steel[J].Acta Metallurgica,1987,35(7):1853.
[5]Gavriljuk V G,Sozinov A L,Foct J,et al.Effect of nitrogen on the temperature dependence of the yield strength of austenitic steels[J].Acta Materialia,1998,46(4):1157.
[6]Speidel M O,Pedrazzoli R M.High nitrogen stainless steels in chloride solutions[J].Mater Perform,1992,31(9):59.
[7]Turan Y N,Koursaris A.Nitrogen-alloyed austenitic stainless steels and their properties[J].J South Afr Inst Min Metall,1993,94(4):97.
[8]Simmons J W.Overview:High-nitrogen alloying of stainless steels[J].Mat Sci Eng,1996,207(2):159.
[9]Gumpel P,Ladwein T.Effect of nitrogen on mechanical-technological and corrosion properties of stainless steels[C]//High Nitrogen Steels-HNS.France:The Institute of Metal,London and Soc Franaise,1988:88.
[10]冯浩,姜周华,李花兵,等.淬火温度对30Cr15Mo1N高氮轴承钢组织和性能的影响[J].钢铁,2017,52(9):92.(FENGHao,JIANG Zhou-hua,LI Hua-bing,et al.Influence of austenitizing temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of high nitrogen bearing steel 30Cr15Mo1N[J].Iron and Steel,2017,52(9):92.)
[11]JIANG Z,FENG H,LI H,et al.Relationship between microstructure and corrosion behavior of martensitic high nitrogen stainless steel 30Cr15Mo1N at different austenitizing temperatures[J].Materials,2017,10(8):861.
[12]Mehtedi M El,Ricci P,Drudi L.Analysis of the effect of deep cryogenic treatment on the hardness and microstructure of X30Cr Mo N151 steel[J].Materials and Design,2012,33(1):136.
[13]Rahimi R,Ritzenhoff R,Biermann H,et al.Low-temperature tempering reactions in a high nitrogen martensitic stainless steel by magnetic saturation measurements[C]//High Nitrogen Steels-HNS.Hamburg:The Institute of Metal,2014:50.
[14]Vanderschaeve F,Taillard R.Discontinuous precipitation of Cr2N in a high nitrogen chromium-manganese austenitic stainless steel[J].Journals of Materials Science,1995,30(1):6035.
[15]孙超凡,蔡庆伍,武会宾,等.轧制工艺对铁素体基Ti-Mo微合金钢纳米尺度碳氮化物析出行为的影响[J].金属学报,2012,48(12):1415.(SUN Chao-fan,CAI Qing-wu,WU Huibin,et al.Effect of controlled rolling processing on nanometer carbonitide of Ti-Mo ferrite matrix microalloyed steel[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2012,48(12):1415.)
[16]Sundararaman D,Shankar P,Raghunathan V S.Electron microscopic study of Cr2N formationin thermally aged 316LN austenitic stainless steels[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A,1996,27A(5):1175.
[17]Berns H,Gavriljuk V.Tempering of martensitic stainless steel with 0.6 w/o nitogen and or carbon[J].Supplément au Journal de Physique,1997,7(5):263.
[18]Berns H,Nikolaijevitsch S,Andrejevitsch V,et al.Phase transformations during tempering of the Fe-15Cr-1Mo martensites containing nitrogen or carbon[J].Steel Res,1994,65(10):444.
[19]Berns H,Duz V A,Gavriljuk V,et al.Precipitation during tempering of chromium-rich iron-based martensite alloyed with carbon and nitrogen[J].Zeitschrift für Metallkunde,1997,88(2):109.
[20]Krishna S C,Karthick N K,Jha A K,et al.Microstructure and properties of nitrogen-alloyed martensitic stainless steel[J].Metall Microst and Anal,2017,6(5):1.
[21]Gavriljuk V G,Berns H.Precipitates in tempered stainless martensitic steels alloyed with nitrogen,carbon or both[J].Materials Science Forum,1999,318/319/320(1):71.