规模化储能参与下的电网二次调频优化控制策略
|
摘要
近年来,大规模电池储能参与电网二次调频控制是其继调峰之后最具潜力的应用方向之一,但是传统的二次调频控制策略无法区分不同电池储能技术特征的差异,进而难以充分发挥其调频优势,造成资源浪费。为此,提出一种计及电池储能技术特征的电网二次调频控制策略。受传统机组的调频成本模型启发建立电池储能调频成本函数,定量描述具有不同技术特征的储能在承担调频责任时所对应的调频成本。以调频成本最小化为目标,配置储能调频责任以满足电网二次调频需要。利用MATLAB/Simulink搭建含多个电池储能的区域电网动态模型,验证所提二次调频策略的可行性,并与其他2种调频策略进行对比分析。仿真结果表明,所提控制策略能够充分考虑不同电池储能的技术特征,从而精确地调度储能以满足电网调频需要,并实现荷电状态的均衡控制。
In recent years,it is one of the most potential application directions for large-scale battery energy storages to participate in the secondary frequency regulation control of power grid besides the peak-shaving application. How-ever,traditional secondary frequency regulation control strategies cannot distinguish the technical characteristic differences of different BESSs(Battery Energy Storage Systems),so it is difficult to make full use of BESS's frequency regulation advantages,resulting in waste of resources. Therefore,a secondary frequency regulation control strategy of power grid considering the technical characteristics of BESS is proposed. Inspired by the frequency regulation cost model of traditional generators,the frequency regulation cost function of BESS is established,based on which to quantitatively describe the frequency regulation cost of energy storage with different technical characteristics. The frequency regulation responsibility of energy storage is allocated to meet the secondary frequency regulation requirements of power grid with the minimum frequency regulation cost as the objective. The dynamic model of regional power grid with multiple BESSs is built in MATLAB/Simulink to verify the feasibility of the proposed control strategy,and the proposed control strategy is compared with other two frequency regulation control strategies. Simulative results show that the proposed control strategy can fully consider the technical characteristics of different BESSs,so as to accurately dispatch the energy storage to meet the frequency regulation requirements of power grid,and realize the balanced control of BESS's state of charge.
In recent years,it is one of the most potential application directions for large-scale battery energy storages to participate in the secondary frequency regulation control of power grid besides the peak-shaving application. How-ever,traditional secondary frequency regulation control strategies cannot distinguish the technical characteristic differences of different BESSs(Battery Energy Storage Systems),so it is difficult to make full use of BESS's frequency regulation advantages,resulting in waste of resources. Therefore,a secondary frequency regulation control strategy of power grid considering the technical characteristics of BESS is proposed. Inspired by the frequency regulation cost model of traditional generators,the frequency regulation cost function of BESS is established,based on which to quantitatively describe the frequency regulation cost of energy storage with different technical characteristics. The frequency regulation responsibility of energy storage is allocated to meet the secondary frequency regulation requirements of power grid with the minimum frequency regulation cost as the objective. The dynamic model of regional power grid with multiple BESSs is built in MATLAB/Simulink to verify the feasibility of the proposed control strategy,and the proposed control strategy is compared with other two frequency regulation control strategies. Simulative results show that the proposed control strategy can fully consider the technical characteristics of different BESSs,so as to accurately dispatch the energy storage to meet the frequency regulation requirements of power grid,and realize the balanced control of BESS's state of charge.
引文
[1] 苗青,吴俊勇,艾洪克,等.组合级联式兆瓦级功率调节装置协调控制策略[J].电力自动化设备,2014,34(7):43-49.MIAO Qing,WU Junyong,AI Hongke,et al.Coordinated control of hybrid cascaded megawatt power regulation device[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2014,34(7):43-49.
[2] 江全元,石庆均,李兴鹏,等.风光储独立供电系统电源优化配置[J].电力自动化设备,2013,33(7):19-26.JIANG Quanyuan,SHI Qingjun,LI Xingpeng,et al.Optimal configu-ration of standalone wind-solar-storage power supply system[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2013,33(7):19-26.
[3] 李相俊,王上行,惠东.电池储能系统运行控制与应用方法综述及展望[J].电网技术,2017,41(10):3315-3325.LI Xiangjun,WANG Shangxing,HUI Dong.Summary and prospect of operation control and application method for battery energy sto-rage systems[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(10):3315-3325.
[4] 李建林,马会萌,袁晓冬,等.规模化分布式储能的关键应用技术研究综述[J].电网技术,2017,41(10):3365-3375.LI Jianlin,MA Huimeng,YUAN Xiaodong,et al.Overview on key applied technologies of large-scale distributed energy storage[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(10):3365-3375.
[5] 李欣然,黄际元,陈远扬,等.大规模储能电源参与电网调频研究综述[J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(7):145-153.LI Xinran,HUANG Jiyuan,CHEN Yuanyang,et al.Review on large-scale involvement of energy storage in power grid fast frequency re-gulation[J].Power System Protection and Control,2016,44(7):145-153.
[6] 钟宇峰,黄民翔,叶承晋.基于电池储能系统动态调度的微电网多目标运行优化[J].电力自动化设备,2014,34(6):114-121.ZHONG Yufeng,HUANG Minxiang,YE Chengjin.Multi-objective optimization of microgrid operation based on dynamic dispatch of battery energy storage system[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2014,34(6):114-121.
[7] 苏浩,张建成,冯冬涵,等.模块化混合储能系统及其能量管理策略[J].电力自动化设备,2019,39(1):127-133,140.SU Hao,ZHANG Jiancheng,FENG Donghan,et al.Modular hybrid energy storage system and its energy management strategy[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2019,39(1):127-133,140.
[8] 孙冰莹,杨水丽,刘宗歧,等.国内外兆瓦级储能调频示范应用现状分析与启示[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(11):8-16,38.SUN Bingying,YANG Shuili,LIU Zongqi,et al.Analysis on present application of megawatt-scale energy storage in frequency regulation and its enlightenment[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(11):8-16,38.
[9] 李少林,秦世耀,王瑞明,等.大容量双馈风电机组虚拟惯量调频技术[J].电力自动化设备,2018,38(4):1-7.LI Shaolin,QIN Shiyao,WANG Ruiming,et al.Control strategy of virtual inertia frequency regulation for large capacity DFIG-based wind turbine[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2018,38(4):1-7.
[10] 陈达鹏,荆朝霞.美国调频辅助服务市场的调频补偿机制分析[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(18):1-9.CHEN Dapeng,JING Zhaoxia.Analysis of frequency modulation compensation mechanism in frequency modulation ancillary service market of the United States[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(18):1-9.
[11] 任晓朦.考虑储能设备的AGC竞价市场研究[D].保定:华北电力大学,2015.REN Xiaomeng.Research on AGC auction market considering energy storage devices[D].Baoding:North China Electric Power University,2015.
[12] SHI Y Y,XU B L,WANG D,et al.Using battery storage for peak shaving and frequency regulation:joint optimization for superlinear gains[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2018,33(3):2882-2894.
[13] CHENG B L,POWELL W.Co-optimizing battery storage for the frequency regulation and energy arbitrage using multi-scale dynamic programming[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2018,9(3):1997-2005.
[14] CHENG Y Z,TABRIZI M,SAHNI M,et al.Dynamic available AGC based approach for enhancing utility scale energy storage performance[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2014,5(2):1070-1078.
[15] KHALID M,SAVKIN A V.An optimal operation of wind energy storage system for frequency control based on model predictive control[J].Renewable Energy,2012,48:127-132.
[16] JIN C L,LU N,LU S,et al.A coordinating algorithm for dispatching regulation services between slow and fast power regulating resources[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2014,5(2):1043-1050.
[17] FORD J J,LEDWICH G,DONG Z Y.Efficient and robust model predictive control for first swing transient stability of power systems using flexible AC transmission systems devices[J].IET Generation,Transmission & Distribution,2008,2(5):731.
[18] 陈丽娟,姜宇轩,汪春.改善电厂调频性能的储能策略研究和容量配置[J].电力自动化设备,2017,37(8):52-59.CHEN Lijuan,JIANG Yuxuan,WANG Chun.Strategy and capacity of energy storage for improving AGC performance of power plant[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2017,37(8):52-59.
[19] 蒋玮,周赣,王晓东,等.一种适用于微电网混合储能系统的功率分配策略[J].电力自动化设备,2015,35(4):38-43,52.JIANG Wei,ZHOU Gan,WANG Xiaodong,et al.Power allocation strategy of hybrid energy storage system for microgrid[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2015,35(4):38-43,52.
[20] 丁冬,刘宗歧,杨水丽,等.基于模糊控制的电池储能系统辅助AGC调频方法[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(8):81-87.DING Dong,LIU Zongqi,YANG Shuili,et al.Battery energy storage aid automatic generation control for load frequency control based on fuzzy control[J].Power System Protection and Control,2015,43(8):81-87.
[21] TAN J,ZHANG Y.Coordinated control strategy of a battery energy storage system to support a wind power plant providing multi-timescale frequency ancillary services[J].IEEE Transactions on Sustai-nable Energy,2017,8(3):1140-1153.
[22] MEGEL O,LIU T,HILL D J,et al.Distributed secondary frequency control algorithm considering storage efficiency[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2018,9(6):6214-6228.
[23] KUNDER P.Power system stability and control[M].New York,USA:Mcgraw-Hill,1993:581-617.
[2] 江全元,石庆均,李兴鹏,等.风光储独立供电系统电源优化配置[J].电力自动化设备,2013,33(7):19-26.JIANG Quanyuan,SHI Qingjun,LI Xingpeng,et al.Optimal configu-ration of standalone wind-solar-storage power supply system[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2013,33(7):19-26.
[3] 李相俊,王上行,惠东.电池储能系统运行控制与应用方法综述及展望[J].电网技术,2017,41(10):3315-3325.LI Xiangjun,WANG Shangxing,HUI Dong.Summary and prospect of operation control and application method for battery energy sto-rage systems[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(10):3315-3325.
[4] 李建林,马会萌,袁晓冬,等.规模化分布式储能的关键应用技术研究综述[J].电网技术,2017,41(10):3365-3375.LI Jianlin,MA Huimeng,YUAN Xiaodong,et al.Overview on key applied technologies of large-scale distributed energy storage[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(10):3365-3375.
[5] 李欣然,黄际元,陈远扬,等.大规模储能电源参与电网调频研究综述[J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(7):145-153.LI Xinran,HUANG Jiyuan,CHEN Yuanyang,et al.Review on large-scale involvement of energy storage in power grid fast frequency re-gulation[J].Power System Protection and Control,2016,44(7):145-153.
[6] 钟宇峰,黄民翔,叶承晋.基于电池储能系统动态调度的微电网多目标运行优化[J].电力自动化设备,2014,34(6):114-121.ZHONG Yufeng,HUANG Minxiang,YE Chengjin.Multi-objective optimization of microgrid operation based on dynamic dispatch of battery energy storage system[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2014,34(6):114-121.
[7] 苏浩,张建成,冯冬涵,等.模块化混合储能系统及其能量管理策略[J].电力自动化设备,2019,39(1):127-133,140.SU Hao,ZHANG Jiancheng,FENG Donghan,et al.Modular hybrid energy storage system and its energy management strategy[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2019,39(1):127-133,140.
[8] 孙冰莹,杨水丽,刘宗歧,等.国内外兆瓦级储能调频示范应用现状分析与启示[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(11):8-16,38.SUN Bingying,YANG Shuili,LIU Zongqi,et al.Analysis on present application of megawatt-scale energy storage in frequency regulation and its enlightenment[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(11):8-16,38.
[9] 李少林,秦世耀,王瑞明,等.大容量双馈风电机组虚拟惯量调频技术[J].电力自动化设备,2018,38(4):1-7.LI Shaolin,QIN Shiyao,WANG Ruiming,et al.Control strategy of virtual inertia frequency regulation for large capacity DFIG-based wind turbine[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2018,38(4):1-7.
[10] 陈达鹏,荆朝霞.美国调频辅助服务市场的调频补偿机制分析[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(18):1-9.CHEN Dapeng,JING Zhaoxia.Analysis of frequency modulation compensation mechanism in frequency modulation ancillary service market of the United States[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(18):1-9.
[11] 任晓朦.考虑储能设备的AGC竞价市场研究[D].保定:华北电力大学,2015.REN Xiaomeng.Research on AGC auction market considering energy storage devices[D].Baoding:North China Electric Power University,2015.
[12] SHI Y Y,XU B L,WANG D,et al.Using battery storage for peak shaving and frequency regulation:joint optimization for superlinear gains[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2018,33(3):2882-2894.
[13] CHENG B L,POWELL W.Co-optimizing battery storage for the frequency regulation and energy arbitrage using multi-scale dynamic programming[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2018,9(3):1997-2005.
[14] CHENG Y Z,TABRIZI M,SAHNI M,et al.Dynamic available AGC based approach for enhancing utility scale energy storage performance[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2014,5(2):1070-1078.
[15] KHALID M,SAVKIN A V.An optimal operation of wind energy storage system for frequency control based on model predictive control[J].Renewable Energy,2012,48:127-132.
[16] JIN C L,LU N,LU S,et al.A coordinating algorithm for dispatching regulation services between slow and fast power regulating resources[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2014,5(2):1043-1050.
[17] FORD J J,LEDWICH G,DONG Z Y.Efficient and robust model predictive control for first swing transient stability of power systems using flexible AC transmission systems devices[J].IET Generation,Transmission & Distribution,2008,2(5):731.
[18] 陈丽娟,姜宇轩,汪春.改善电厂调频性能的储能策略研究和容量配置[J].电力自动化设备,2017,37(8):52-59.CHEN Lijuan,JIANG Yuxuan,WANG Chun.Strategy and capacity of energy storage for improving AGC performance of power plant[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2017,37(8):52-59.
[19] 蒋玮,周赣,王晓东,等.一种适用于微电网混合储能系统的功率分配策略[J].电力自动化设备,2015,35(4):38-43,52.JIANG Wei,ZHOU Gan,WANG Xiaodong,et al.Power allocation strategy of hybrid energy storage system for microgrid[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2015,35(4):38-43,52.
[20] 丁冬,刘宗歧,杨水丽,等.基于模糊控制的电池储能系统辅助AGC调频方法[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(8):81-87.DING Dong,LIU Zongqi,YANG Shuili,et al.Battery energy storage aid automatic generation control for load frequency control based on fuzzy control[J].Power System Protection and Control,2015,43(8):81-87.
[21] TAN J,ZHANG Y.Coordinated control strategy of a battery energy storage system to support a wind power plant providing multi-timescale frequency ancillary services[J].IEEE Transactions on Sustai-nable Energy,2017,8(3):1140-1153.
[22] MEGEL O,LIU T,HILL D J,et al.Distributed secondary frequency control algorithm considering storage efficiency[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2018,9(6):6214-6228.
[23] KUNDER P.Power system stability and control[M].New York,USA:Mcgraw-Hill,1993:581-617.