乡村振兴与农村集体经济
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摘要
乡村振兴的主体是组织起来的农民。将农民组织起来的最重要制度基础是农民集体土地制度及建立在该制度基础之上的农民集体经济。借鉴同为土地公有制的国有农场经营体制的经验,借助农村土地"三权分置"的制度设计,恢复农村集体土地的生产资料性质,有望同时解决当前农村土地细碎化与农民难以组织起来的两大困境,从而为乡村振兴提供组织条件。
The main body of rural revitalization is organized farmers. The most important institutional basis for organizing farmers is the collective land system and collective economics based on the collective land system. The nature of the production materials for restoring rural collective land can be considered in two aspects. One is the experience of the state-owned farms in the public ownership system, and the other is the system design of the "three powers separation" in rural areas. A full consideration of these two aspects may help resolve two major difficulties, including the current rural land fragmentation and the difficulty of organizing farmers, thereby providing organizational conditions for rural revitalization.
The main body of rural revitalization is organized farmers. The most important institutional basis for organizing farmers is the collective land system and collective economics based on the collective land system. The nature of the production materials for restoring rural collective land can be considered in two aspects. One is the experience of the state-owned farms in the public ownership system, and the other is the system design of the "three powers separation" in rural areas. A full consideration of these two aspects may help resolve two major difficulties, including the current rural land fragmentation and the difficulty of organizing farmers, thereby providing organizational conditions for rural revitalization.
引文
[1]杜赞奇.文化、权力与国家.南京:江苏人民出版社,1996.
[2]贺雪峰.试论20世纪中国乡村治理的逻辑//黄宗智.中国乡村研究.福州:福建教育出版社,2007.
[3]张路雄.耕者有其田.北京:中国政法大学出版社,2012.
[4]王振标.论村内公共权力的强制性——从一事一议的制度困境谈起.中国农村观察,2018,(6).
[5]贺雪峰.国有农场对农村经营体制改革的启示.学术界,2019,(1).
[6]桂华.项目制与农村公共品供给体制分析——以农地整治为例.政治学研究,2014,(4).
[7]李昌平.再向总理说实话.北京:中国财富出版社,2012.
(1)“算平衡账”又称“结平衡账”,系村社集体每年年终对全体村社成员经济往来的结算。李昌平认为,“结平衡账”是维持共同体长期存在的最核心制度。无论外部制度怎么变,只要共同体内部每年“结平衡账”制度正常运行,“四权统一”和“三位一体”就能够长期存在并得到巩固。假如内部“结平衡账”制度受到破坏,哪怕是只有1-2年不结平衡账了,共同体就有可能名存实亡。因此,共同体内的“结平衡账”制度必须受到国家法律保护,且需要地方政府大力支持。
[2]贺雪峰.试论20世纪中国乡村治理的逻辑//黄宗智.中国乡村研究.福州:福建教育出版社,2007.
[3]张路雄.耕者有其田.北京:中国政法大学出版社,2012.
[4]王振标.论村内公共权力的强制性——从一事一议的制度困境谈起.中国农村观察,2018,(6).
[5]贺雪峰.国有农场对农村经营体制改革的启示.学术界,2019,(1).
[6]桂华.项目制与农村公共品供给体制分析——以农地整治为例.政治学研究,2014,(4).
[7]李昌平.再向总理说实话.北京:中国财富出版社,2012.
(1)“算平衡账”又称“结平衡账”,系村社集体每年年终对全体村社成员经济往来的结算。李昌平认为,“结平衡账”是维持共同体长期存在的最核心制度。无论外部制度怎么变,只要共同体内部每年“结平衡账”制度正常运行,“四权统一”和“三位一体”就能够长期存在并得到巩固。假如内部“结平衡账”制度受到破坏,哪怕是只有1-2年不结平衡账了,共同体就有可能名存实亡。因此,共同体内的“结平衡账”制度必须受到国家法律保护,且需要地方政府大力支持。