贵阳市大气PM_(2.5)中无机元素的组成及来源解析
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摘要
2013—2014年采集贵阳市大气PM_(2.5)样品357个,利用ICP-OES和ICP-MS检测样品中无机元素的含量。结果表明:23种元素的年均值高低依次为Na> Ca> Al> K> Mg> Fe> Cu> Zn> Mn> Pb> Ba> Cr> Ni> Sr> As=Zr> W>Rb> Ga> Bi=Ge> Co> U,其中Cr、As的年均值分别为(30±20) ng/m3和(8±5) ng/m3,超过《环境空气质量标准》(GB3095—2012)的年均参考限值。运用正定矩阵因子分解法(PMF)来源解析表明:该市大气PM_(2.5)的主要来源为燃煤排放源、生物质燃烧源、交通源、建筑水泥尘源、土壤风沙尘源和残油燃烧源,其贡献率分别为46. 6%、21. 7%、14. 8%、9. 0%、6. 2%和1. 7%,且有显著的季节变化特征。
A total of 357 PM_(2.5) samples were collected from 2013 to 2014 in Guiyang,and the inorganic element in PM_(2.5) samples were analyzed by using ICP-OES and ICP-MS,respectively. Results showed that the annual average of 23 elements content were in the order of Na > Ca > Al > K > Mg > Fe > Cu > Zn > Mn > Pb > Ba >Cr > Ni > Sr > As = Zr > W > Rb > Ga > Bi = Ge > Co > U. The annual average of Cr and As were( 30 ± 20) ng/m3 and( 8 ± 5) ng/m3,respectively,both exceeded the annual average reference value of ambient air quality standards( GB 3095—2012). Positive matrix factorization model( PMF) was applied to PM_(2.5) source apportionment and the results showed that coal combustion,biomass burning,motor vehicle exhaust,cement dust,soil dust and residual oil combustion were the major contributors to PM_(2.5) in Guiyang,with the contribution rate of 46. 6%,21. 7%,14. 8%,9. 0%,6. 2% and 1. 7%,respectively. These six sources had distinct seasonal variation feature.
A total of 357 PM_(2.5) samples were collected from 2013 to 2014 in Guiyang,and the inorganic element in PM_(2.5) samples were analyzed by using ICP-OES and ICP-MS,respectively. Results showed that the annual average of 23 elements content were in the order of Na > Ca > Al > K > Mg > Fe > Cu > Zn > Mn > Pb > Ba >Cr > Ni > Sr > As = Zr > W > Rb > Ga > Bi = Ge > Co > U. The annual average of Cr and As were( 30 ± 20) ng/m3 and( 8 ± 5) ng/m3,respectively,both exceeded the annual average reference value of ambient air quality standards( GB 3095—2012). Positive matrix factorization model( PMF) was applied to PM_(2.5) source apportionment and the results showed that coal combustion,biomass burning,motor vehicle exhaust,cement dust,soil dust and residual oil combustion were the major contributors to PM_(2.5) in Guiyang,with the contribution rate of 46. 6%,21. 7%,14. 8%,9. 0%,6. 2% and 1. 7%,respectively. These six sources had distinct seasonal variation feature.
引文
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[4]王伟,张静,姬亚芹,等.鞍山市夏季PM2. 5中元素污染特征与来源初探[J].南开大学学报(自然科学版),2015,48(1):34-39.
[5]肖经汗,周家斌,郭浩天,等.采用正定矩阵因子分解法对武汉市夏季某PM2. 5样品的来源解析[J].环境污染与防治,2013,35(5):6-12.
[6]喻义勇,王苏蓉,秦玮.大气细颗粒物在线源解析方法研究进展[J].环境监测管理与技术,2015,27(3):12-17.
[7]张雯婷,王雪松,刘兆荣,等.贵阳建筑扬尘PM10排放及环境影响的模拟研究[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2010,46(2):258-264.
[8]王京,王初,陈振楼.贵阳市城区近地面PM10/PM2. 5及重金属污染水平研究[J].环境科学与技术,2011,34(4):74-76,124.
[9]孙广权,李金娟,陶芸,等.都匀PM10中水溶性无机离子分布特征与来源分析[J].环境监测管理与技术,2015,27(6):13-16.
[10]王珍,郭军,陈卓.贵阳市秋、冬季PM2. 5中碳组分污染特征及来源分析[J].地球与环境,2015,43(3):285-289.
[11]房春生,王思宇,杨舒媚,等.应用PMF和PCA探究长春市大气中PM10污染来源[J].环境科学与技术,2015,38(8):17-21.
[12]张霖琳,王超,朱红霞,等.北京混合功能区夏冬季细颗粒物组分特征及来源比较[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(1):36-41.
[13]胡鸣,张懿华,赵倩彪.上海市冬季PM2. 5无机元素污染特征及来源分析[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(7):1993-1999.
[14] KUANG C,NEUMANN T,NORRA S,et al. Land use-related chemical composition of street sediments in Beijing[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International,2004,11(2):73-83.
[15] WATSON J G,CHOW J C,HOUCK J E. PM2. 5chemical source profiles for vehicle exhaust,vegetative burning,geological material,and coal burning in Northwestern Colorado during 1995[J].Chemosphere,2001,43(8):1141-1151.
[16] DUAN F K,LIU X D,YU T,et al. Identification and estimate of biomass burning contribution to the urban aerosol organic carbon concentrations in Beijing[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2004,38(9):1275-1282.
[17] SHI G L,LI X,FENG Y C,et al. Combined source apportionment,using positive matrix factorization-chemical mass balance and principal component analysis/multiple linear regressionchemical mass balance models[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2009,43(18):2929-2937.