真空平板玻璃激光封接气孔控制研究
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摘要
为了探究激光焊接真空平板玻璃封接层气孔的产生机理,利用扫描电镜、自带能谱仪、X射线衍射仪和金相显微镜等手段,进行了真空平板玻璃激光侧边封接试验,研究了激光功率和焊接速率对封接层气孔的影响,分析气孔产生的原因。结果表明,真空平板玻璃封接层出现了数量较多、大小不一、相互不连通的孤立气孔,位于颗粒的交界处,主要是由焊料颗粒间的残余空气引起的;在焊接速率为2mm/s和离焦量为-2mm的条件下,过低或过高的激光功率都不利于减少封接层的气孔缺陷,激光功率为80W(能量密度为80J/mm2)时,封接层组织形貌好,封接层封接质量佳;在激光功率为80W和离焦量为-2mm的条件下,较低的焊接速率将有利于减少封接层的气孔缺陷,焊接速率为1mm/s(能量密度为160J/mm2)时,封接层组织形貌好,封接层封接质量佳。此研究可为真空平板玻璃的激光封接制造提供理论依据。
In order to research the pores formation mechanism of sealing layer in laser welding of vacuum plate glazing,a laser sealing test was carried out.Scanning electron microscope,energy dispersive spectroscopy,X-ray diffractometer and metallographic microscope were used in this study.The influences of laser power and welding speed on pores of sealing layer were studied and the causes of pores were analyzed.The results show that,there are a large number of isolated pores in vacuum glazing sealing layer,which are different in size and disconnected with each other,located at the junction of particles,and mainly caused by the residual air between the solder particles.At the welding speed of 2mm/s and the defocus amount of -2mm,lower or higher laser power is not conducive to reduce the pore defects of sealing layer.When the laser power is 80W(energy density is 80J/mm2),the sealing layer has good morphology and good sealing quality.The lower welding speed will help to reduce the pore defects of sealing layer at the laser power of 80 W and the defocus amount of -2mm.When the welding speed is 1mm/s(energy density is 160J/mm2),the sealing layer has good morphology and good sealing quality.This study can provide a theoretical basis for the laser sealing manufacturing of vacuum plate glazing.
In order to research the pores formation mechanism of sealing layer in laser welding of vacuum plate glazing,a laser sealing test was carried out.Scanning electron microscope,energy dispersive spectroscopy,X-ray diffractometer and metallographic microscope were used in this study.The influences of laser power and welding speed on pores of sealing layer were studied and the causes of pores were analyzed.The results show that,there are a large number of isolated pores in vacuum glazing sealing layer,which are different in size and disconnected with each other,located at the junction of particles,and mainly caused by the residual air between the solder particles.At the welding speed of 2mm/s and the defocus amount of -2mm,lower or higher laser power is not conducive to reduce the pore defects of sealing layer.When the laser power is 80W(energy density is 80J/mm2),the sealing layer has good morphology and good sealing quality.The lower welding speed will help to reduce the pore defects of sealing layer at the laser power of 80 W and the defocus amount of -2mm.When the welding speed is 1mm/s(energy density is 160J/mm2),the sealing layer has good morphology and good sealing quality.This study can provide a theoretical basis for the laser sealing manufacturing of vacuum plate glazing.
引文
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[13]TIAN W,ZHOU D W,QIAO X J,et al.Study on the reason of porosity formation in laser welding of magnesium and aluminun dissimilar metal[J].Laser Technology,2013,37(6):825-828(in Chinese).
[14]XU H F,LIU X G,BAO Y W,et al.Strength and reliability analysis of edge sealing in vacuum glazing[J].Journal of Materials Science and Engineering,2012,30(1):123-127(in Chinese).
[15]DHLER F,ZSCHECKEL T,KASCH S,et al.A glass in the CaO/Mg O/Al2O3/Si O2system for the rapid laser sealing of alumina[J].Ceramics International,2017,43(5):4302-4308.
[16]MIAO H,SHAN X,LIU Y,et al.Sealing properties of PbO-TiO2-SiO2-RxOysystem glass of vacuum glazing[J].Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment,2015,36(12):13-18(in Chinese).
[17]MIAO H,SHAN X,ZHANG J F,et al.Effect of sealing temperature on the sealing edge performance ofvacuum glazing[J].Vacuum,2015,116:7-12.
[18]MIAO H,XI X B,ZHANG R H,et al.Numerical calculation and experimental research on wind load of vacuum plate glass[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2013,34(11):1888-1894(in Chinese).
[19]ZHANG J F,LIU S X,ZHANG Y J,et al.Formation mechanism of sealing edge pores for vacuum glazing using laser brazing technique[J].Vacuum,2017,147:1-7.
[20]ZHU G X,ZHANG A F,LI D C.Effect of process parameters on surface smoothness in laser cladding[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2010,37(1):296-301(in Chinese).
[2]SUI Sh X,YU Y L,FEI W,et al.Research of characteristics of weld formation of aluminum alloy by high power fiber laser welding[J].Laser Technology,2017,41(3):322-327(in Chinese).
[3]WANG X H,GU X Y,SUN D Q.Reserach on interface characteristic of laser welding joints of steel/aluminum dissimilar materials[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2017,53(4):26-33(in Chinese).
[4]MIAO H,SHAN X,ZHANG R H,et al.Properties of vacuun plate glass for sealing[J].Journal of Functional Materials,2014,45(21):21094-21097(in Chinese).
[5]LIU T T,XU H F,HAN C L,et al.Research and industrialization development of vacuum glazing[J].Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society,2013,32(2):268-273(in Chinese).
[6]OCHOA C E,ARIES M B C,LOENEN E J V,et al.Considerations on design optimization criteria for windows providing low energy consumption and high visual comfort[J].Applied Energy,2012,95(2):238-245.
[7]MIAO H,ZUO D W,ZHANG R H,et al.Study of shore stress of vacuum plate glazing at the atmospheric pressure[J].Journal of Building Materials,2008,11(6):757-761(in Chinese).
[8]KIND H,GEHLEN E,ADEN M,et al.Laser glass frit sealing for encapsulation of vacuum insulation glasses[J].Physics Procedia,2014,56:673-680.
[9]MEMON S,FARUKH F,EAMES P C,et al.A new low-temperature hermetic composite edge seal for thefabrication of triple vacuum glazing[J].Vacuum,2015,120(A):73-82.
[10]LUO D W,SHEN Zh Sh.Porosity and glass sputtering in the sealing process of glass to metal[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing,2011,33(7):856-862(in Chinese).
[11]ZHOU J X,TANG X H,ZHOU Y,et al.Investigation of the porosity defect phenomenon during laser welding of power metal material[J].Laser Technology,2003,27(6):503-505(in Chinese).
[12]FANG Y,HYDE T J,ARYA F,et al.Indium alloy-sealed vacuum glazing development and context[J].Renewable&Sustainable Energy Reviews,2014,37:480-501.
[13]TIAN W,ZHOU D W,QIAO X J,et al.Study on the reason of porosity formation in laser welding of magnesium and aluminun dissimilar metal[J].Laser Technology,2013,37(6):825-828(in Chinese).
[14]XU H F,LIU X G,BAO Y W,et al.Strength and reliability analysis of edge sealing in vacuum glazing[J].Journal of Materials Science and Engineering,2012,30(1):123-127(in Chinese).
[15]DHLER F,ZSCHECKEL T,KASCH S,et al.A glass in the CaO/Mg O/Al2O3/Si O2system for the rapid laser sealing of alumina[J].Ceramics International,2017,43(5):4302-4308.
[16]MIAO H,SHAN X,LIU Y,et al.Sealing properties of PbO-TiO2-SiO2-RxOysystem glass of vacuum glazing[J].Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment,2015,36(12):13-18(in Chinese).
[17]MIAO H,SHAN X,ZHANG J F,et al.Effect of sealing temperature on the sealing edge performance ofvacuum glazing[J].Vacuum,2015,116:7-12.
[18]MIAO H,XI X B,ZHANG R H,et al.Numerical calculation and experimental research on wind load of vacuum plate glass[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2013,34(11):1888-1894(in Chinese).
[19]ZHANG J F,LIU S X,ZHANG Y J,et al.Formation mechanism of sealing edge pores for vacuum glazing using laser brazing technique[J].Vacuum,2017,147:1-7.
[20]ZHU G X,ZHANG A F,LI D C.Effect of process parameters on surface smoothness in laser cladding[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2010,37(1):296-301(in Chinese).