4种体色瓯江彩鲤的生长、摄食和呼吸特性差异及其相关性分析
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摘要
瓯江彩鲤(Cyprinius carpio var. color)是一种既可食用又可观赏的优良养殖对象。为了解不同体色瓯江彩鲤间生长差异的代谢生理基础,本研究分析了4种体色类型("全红"、"大花"、"粉玉"和"粉花")瓯江彩鲤间的生长、摄食率、消化酶活性和呼吸代谢率差异及其相关性。结果显示, 4种体色瓯江彩鲤的绝对增重率和特定增重率、日摄食量和日摄食率、胰蛋白酶活性大小差异顺序均为"大花">"粉花">"全红">"粉玉";其中带有大块黑色斑纹的"大花"和"粉花"体色个体的上述性状显著高于无黑色斑纹的"全红"和"粉玉"体色(P<0.05),具有红色体色的"大花"和"全红"体色的白天摄食率显著高于夜间,而具有白色体色的"粉花"和"粉玉"体色的昼夜摄食率无显著差异(P>0.05);相关性分析发现,特定增重率和摄食率、特定增重率与胰蛋白酶活性、摄食率与胰蛋白酶、脂肪酶活性的相关性均达到显著或极显著(P<0.05或P<0.01),特定增重率与脂肪酶活性的相关性接近显著性(P=0.056),表明"大花"和"粉花"体色瓯江彩鲤拥有更快生长速度来源的代谢基础是它们具有更强的摄食率和更高的消化酶活性。4种体色瓯江彩鲤的呼吸耗氧率均存在显著差异(P<0.05),大小顺序依次为"大花">"全红">"粉花">"粉玉",表现出红色体色的呼吸耗氧率高于白色体色。以上结果反映了4种体色瓯江彩鲤的生长差异是与其相关代谢生理基础相关联的,为瓯江彩鲤的进一步种质改良与育种提供了理论依据。
Oujiang color common carp, Cyprinius carpio var. color, is a good culturing fish with edible and ornamental traits. It has more than 1200 years of cultural history in the Oujiang drainage of Zhejiang province. In the last 20 years, some researchers have studied its growth performance, genetic diversity, and disease resistance traits.However, the cause and mechanism behind the growth differences among the different color patterns of Oujiang color common carp remain unknown. This study aimed to unveil the metabolic and physiological differences in growth, feeding rate, digestive enzyme activity, and respiration metabolic rate, and the correlations between these factors among four color patterns of Oujiang color common carp("whole red", WR; "whole red with big black spots", RB; "whole white", WW; and "whole white with big black spots", WB). Our results indicated absolute weight gain rate(AGR), specific growth rate(SGR), daily food intake, daily feeding rate, and trypsin activity were highest in RB, followed by WB, WR, and WW. All of the above measured indexes were significantly higher in RB and WB compared to WR and WW(P<0.05). Regarding Oujiang color common carp with red skin(RB and WR),significantly higher feeding rates were identified during the day compared to during the night(P<0.05), however,no such significant changes were identified for Oujiang color common carp with white skin(WB and WW)(P>0.05). A significant correlations were identified between specific growth rate and daily food intake, between specific growth rate and trypsin activity, and between daily food intake and trypsin and lipase activities(P<0.05)indicating that the higher growth rates of RB and WB maybe associated with higher feeding rate and increased digestive enzyme activities. Meanwhile, significant differences in respiration oxygen consumption rate were identified among the four color patterns of Oujiang color common carp, with RB having the highest respiration oxygen consumption rate, followed by WR, WB, and WW. This indicated that Oujiang color common carp with red skin had higher respiration oxygen consumption rates than fish with white skin. Our results provide valuable metabolic and physiological characteristics of the four color patterns of Oujiang color common carp, which will directly guide the aquaculture and breeding of the species in the future.
Oujiang color common carp, Cyprinius carpio var. color, is a good culturing fish with edible and ornamental traits. It has more than 1200 years of cultural history in the Oujiang drainage of Zhejiang province. In the last 20 years, some researchers have studied its growth performance, genetic diversity, and disease resistance traits.However, the cause and mechanism behind the growth differences among the different color patterns of Oujiang color common carp remain unknown. This study aimed to unveil the metabolic and physiological differences in growth, feeding rate, digestive enzyme activity, and respiration metabolic rate, and the correlations between these factors among four color patterns of Oujiang color common carp("whole red", WR; "whole red with big black spots", RB; "whole white", WW; and "whole white with big black spots", WB). Our results indicated absolute weight gain rate(AGR), specific growth rate(SGR), daily food intake, daily feeding rate, and trypsin activity were highest in RB, followed by WB, WR, and WW. All of the above measured indexes were significantly higher in RB and WB compared to WR and WW(P<0.05). Regarding Oujiang color common carp with red skin(RB and WR),significantly higher feeding rates were identified during the day compared to during the night(P<0.05), however,no such significant changes were identified for Oujiang color common carp with white skin(WB and WW)(P>0.05). A significant correlations were identified between specific growth rate and daily food intake, between specific growth rate and trypsin activity, and between daily food intake and trypsin and lipase activities(P<0.05)indicating that the higher growth rates of RB and WB maybe associated with higher feeding rate and increased digestive enzyme activities. Meanwhile, significant differences in respiration oxygen consumption rate were identified among the four color patterns of Oujiang color common carp, with RB having the highest respiration oxygen consumption rate, followed by WR, WB, and WW. This indicated that Oujiang color common carp with red skin had higher respiration oxygen consumption rates than fish with white skin. Our results provide valuable metabolic and physiological characteristics of the four color patterns of Oujiang color common carp, which will directly guide the aquaculture and breeding of the species in the future.
引文
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[2]Tave D,Rezk M,Smitherman R O.Genetics of body color in Tilapia mossambica[J].Journal of the World Aquaculture Society,2010,20(4):214-222.
[3]Wang X L,Wang X J.Research on vertebrate body color[J].Journal of Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology College,2006,15(1):15-17.[王晓玲,王信军.脊椎动物体色的研究[J].吉林农业科技学院学报,2006,15(1):15-17.]
[4]Chen F,Yang D Q,Su Y B.Comparison of growth rate of three different body color Monopterus albus[J].Journal of Yangtze University(Natural Science Edition Agriculture Science Volumn),2009,6(3):33-34.[陈芳,杨代勤,苏应兵.3种不同体色黄鳝生长速度的比较[J].长江大学学报(自然科学版):农学卷,2009,6(3):33-34.]
[5]Shikano T.Marker-based estimation of heritability for body color variation in Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus[J].Aquaculture,2005,249(1-4):95-105.
[6]Gong C P.The growth performance comparison and genetic diversity analysis of different body color red tilapia[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2015.[公翠萍.不同体色红罗非鱼生长性能比较及遗传多样性研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2015.]
[7]Estep L K,Shawkey M D,Hill G E.Carotenoid-based breast plumage color,body condition and clutch size in red fodies(Foudia madagascariensis)[J].Ostrich,2006,77(3-4):164-169.
[8]Wang C H,Li S F,Zeng W G,et al.Genotype-environment interaction analysis from the body color and growth character in Oujiang color common carp,Cyprinus carpio var.color[J].Journal of Shanghai Fisheries University,2004,13(2):103-106.[王成辉,李思发,曾伟光.瓯江彩鲤体色与生长的遗传一环境互作分析[J].上海水产大学学报,2004,13(2):103-106.]
[9]Lv Y P,Hu Z H,Xiao J Z,et,al.Intraspecific DNA sequence polymorphism genetic markers in the mitochondrial COII gene from five color patterns of Oujaing color carp[J].Journal of Zhejiang University(Science Edition),2009,36(3):323-327.[吕耀平,胡则辉,肖建中,等.5种体色瓯江彩鲤线粒体COII基因的序列差异和遗传标记研究[J].浙江大学学报(理学版),2009,36(3):323-327.]
[10]Wang C H,Li S F,Xiang S P,et al.Genetic parameter estimates for growth-related traits in Oujiang color common carp(Cyprinus carpio var.color)[J].Aquaculture,2006,259(1-4):103-107.
[11]Wang C H,Xiang S P,Lv Y P,et al.Preliminary study on inheritance of red and white color phenotypes in Oujiang color carp,Cyprinus carpio var.color[J].Journal of Shanghai Fisheries University,2008,17(4):402-405.[王成辉,项松平,吕耀平,等.瓯江彩鲤红、白两种体色遗传关系的初步研究[J].上海水产大学学报,2008,17(4):402-405.]
[12]Zhao X J,Liu Z Z,Li X S,et al.Major histocompatibility complex class II B allele polymorphism and its association with resistance/susceptibility to Aeromonas hydrphila in the“whole white”color patterns of Cyprinus carpio var.color[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2012,19(3):399-407.[赵雪锦,刘至治,李雪松,等.“粉玉”体色瓯江彩鲤MHCclass II B基因多态性及其与鱼体抗病力的关系[J].中国水产科学,2012,19(3):399-407.]
[13]Li X S,Liu Z Z,Zhao X J,et al.Major histocompatibility complex DAB allele polymorphism and its association with resistance/susceptibility to Aeromonas hydrophila in“whole red”color patterns of Cyprinus carpio var.color[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2011,35(9):1293-1301.[李雪松,刘至治,赵雪锦,等.“全红”体色瓯江彩鲤MHC-DAB基因多态性及其与鱼体抗病力关系的分析[J].水产学报,2011,35(9):1293-1301.]
[14]Cheng Q Q,Wang C H,Li S F,et al.The studies of variations of growth rate and survival rate of different pigmentation types of color common carp[J].Fisheries Science&Technology Information,2001,28(2):56-58.[程起群,王成辉,李思发,等.不同体色瓯江彩鲤生长率和存活率的差异研究[J].水产科技情报,2001,28(2):56-58.]
[15]Zhu L Y.Genetic effects analysis on growth and physiological traits in the complete set lines of Oujiang color common carp(Cyprinus carpio var.color)[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Ocean University,2013.[朱丽艳.瓯江彩鲤配套选育系生长和生理性状的遗传效应研究[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2013.]
[16]Yang R B,Xie C X,Wei K J,et al.The daily feeding rhythms of juvenile yellow catfish,Pelteobagrus fulvidraco at different feeding frequencies[J].Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University,2006,25(3):274-276.[杨瑞斌,谢从新,魏开建,等.不同投喂频率下黄颡鱼幼鱼的摄食节律研究[J].华中农业大学学报,2006,25(3):274-276.]
[17]Li S F.Freshwater Fish Population Ecology[M].Beijing:Agriculture Press,1990.[李思发.淡水鱼类种群生态学[M].北京:农业出版社,1990.]
[18]Huizingh E.Inleiding SPSS 20.0 voor IBM SPSS Statistics[M].Academic Service,2012.
[19]Fu S J,Cao Z D,Xie X J,Feeding metabolism and locomotion metabolism in fishes[J].Chinese Journal of Zoology,2008,43(2):150-159.[付世建,曹振东,谢小军.鱼类摄食代谢和运动代谢研究进展[J].动物学杂志,2008,43(2):150-159.]
[20]Fu S J,Xie X J,Cao Z D.Effect of fasting and repeat feeding on metabolic rate in southern catfish,Silurus Meridionalis Chen[J].Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology,2005,38(3):191-198.
[21]Fu S J,Cao Z D.Effect of dietary protein and lipid levels on feed intake and growth performance of southern catfish,Silurus Meridionalis Chen[J].Aquaculture Research,2006,37(1):107-110.
[22]Yamamoto T,Konishi K,Shima T,et al.Influence of dietary fat and carbohydrate levels on growth and body composition of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss under self-feeding conditions[J].Fisheries Science,2010,67(2):221-227.
[23]Zhou X H.Comparison of digestive enzyme activities of three famous fish species[J].Guangdong Feed,2003,12(6):19-21.[周兴华.三种名优鱼类消化酶活性的比较[J].广东饲料,2003,12(6):19-21.]
[24]Su Y L,Ge X P,Sun S M,et al.Effects of compensatory feeding after starvation on growth performance,serum biochemical indexes,intestinal digestive enzyme activity and hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities of juvenile blunt snout bream(Megalobrama amblycephal)in summer[J].Chinses Journal of Animal Nutrition,2017,29(11):4198-4206.[苏艳莉,戈贤平,孙盛明,等.高温季节饥饿后补偿摄食对团头鲂幼鱼生长性能、血清生化指标、肠道消化酶活性及肝脏抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(11):4198-4206.]
[25]Feng X,Chen P M,Qin C X.Advancement of the study on respiratory metabolism of fishery resource organism[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2013,39(4):92-96.[冯雪,陈丕茂,秦传新.渔业资源生物呼吸代谢研究进展[J].广东农业科学,2012,39(4):92-96.]
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