基于GIS系统的城市震灾评估和救灾应急的研究
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摘要
地震防灾减灾能力是国家的重点需求,针对当前城市抗震应急存在的灵活性差问题,在过去研究的基础上,将GIS系统应用至城市抗震救灾应急响应中,建立的GIS系统利用地震灾害评估模块、数据库管理模块、地震应急响应和指挥决策模块构成城市抗震救灾应急响应框架,完成城市GIS系统的应用分析。地震灾害评估模块中计算震害总体损失、经济损失和生命损失,实现地震灾害评估信息数据的精确性采集;数据库管理模块中的抗灾救灾应急响应数据库主要利用矢量数据、数字正射影像数据和其他专题数据构成,完成一致性访问各种类型数据,提高城市抗震救灾应急响应灵活性;在响应与决策模块中利用核心服务器实现数据信息的上传下达,实现快速救援响应。研究中对这套GIS系统与当前方法做对比,进行抗震救灾过程灵活性、救援数据精准性的比较实验。实验对比结果表明,所提研究成果提供的救援数据精确性强,且运行过程中灵活系数等部分指标高于当前研究。
Earthquake prevention and mitigation are key demands of our country. To address the problem of poor flexibility currently existing in our urban seismic response, we applied, in this paper, a GIS system to the urban earthquake emergency and disaster relief response. The established GIS system made use of an earthquake disaster assessment module, database management module, and earthquake emergency response and command decision module to constitute the emergency response framework for urban earthquake disaster relief. This system completed the application analysis of the urban GIS system. In the seismic disaster assessment module, total loss, economic loss, and loss of life caused by earthquake damage were calculated, and satisfactory accuracy in seismic disaster assessment information data was realized. The disaster relief emergency response database in the database management module mainly used vector data, digital orthophoto map data, and other special data to improve the flexibility of the urban emergency response to earthquake relief. In the response and decision-making module, the core server was used to transmit the data information and realize the rapid rescue response. In the study, the GIS system was compared with current methods, and a comparative experiment was carried out on the flexibility of the earthquake relief process and the precision of rescue data. The experimental results showed that the rescue data provided by the proposed system are accurate, and some indices used in the operation process are superior to those of the current research.
Earthquake prevention and mitigation are key demands of our country. To address the problem of poor flexibility currently existing in our urban seismic response, we applied, in this paper, a GIS system to the urban earthquake emergency and disaster relief response. The established GIS system made use of an earthquake disaster assessment module, database management module, and earthquake emergency response and command decision module to constitute the emergency response framework for urban earthquake disaster relief. This system completed the application analysis of the urban GIS system. In the seismic disaster assessment module, total loss, economic loss, and loss of life caused by earthquake damage were calculated, and satisfactory accuracy in seismic disaster assessment information data was realized. The disaster relief emergency response database in the database management module mainly used vector data, digital orthophoto map data, and other special data to improve the flexibility of the urban emergency response to earthquake relief. In the response and decision-making module, the core server was used to transmit the data information and realize the rapid rescue response. In the study, the GIS system was compared with current methods, and a comparative experiment was carried out on the flexibility of the earthquake relief process and the precision of rescue data. The experimental results showed that the rescue data provided by the proposed system are accurate, and some indices used in the operation process are superior to those of the current research.
引文
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[4] 宋建功,王之欣,李勤勇,等.面向地震应急响应的互联网信息处理[J].北京航空航天大学学报,2017,43(6):1155-1164.SONG Jiangong,WANG Zhixin,LI Qinyong,et al.Internet Information Processing for Earthquake Emergency Response[J].Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2017,43(6):1155-1164.
[5] 邓树荣,曹彦波,张方浩,等.基于AHP方法的云南地震现场通信技术系统应急响应模式研究[J].地震研究,2017,40(2):277-285.DENG Shurong,CAO Yanbo,ZHANG Fanghao,et al.Study of the Response Mode of the System of Yunnan Earthquake-site Emergency Communications Based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process[J].Journal of Seismological Research,2017,40(2):277-285.
[6] 赵杰,马朝晖.基于网格数据的地震应急响应系统设计与实现[J].地理空间信息,2017,15(11):53-56.ZHAO Jie,MA Zhaohui.Design and Implementation of the Earthquake Emergency Response System Based on Grid Data[J].Geospatial Information,2017,15(11):53-56.
[7] 徐敬海,安基文,聂高众.基于千米格网的地震应急灾情预评估数据开发[J].地震地质,2016,38(3):760-772.XU Jinghai,AN Jiwen,NIE Gaozhong.Development of Earthquake Emergency Disaster Information Pre-evaluation Data Based on km Grid[J].Seismology and Geology,2016,38(3):760-772.
[8] 王志涛,郭小东.城市抗震防灾应急供水保障对策研究[J].工业建筑,2016,46(6):8-11.WANG Zhitao,GUO Xiaodong.Research on Emergency Water Supply Countermeasures for Urban Earthquake Disaster Prevention[J].Industrial Construction,2016,46(6):8-11.
[9] 李文豪,赵东升,毛常学.基于Agent的抗震救灾伤病员医疗后送建模研究[J].军事医学,2016,40(9):746-750.LI Wenhao,ZHAO Dongsheng,MAO Changxue.Agent-based Modeling of Medical Evacuation of the Wounded During Earthquake Relief[J].Military Medical Sciences,2016,40(9):746-750.
[10] 胡服全,朱翊洲,高文军,等.钢制电缆桥架结构抗震动力响应影响因素分析[J].钢结构,2016,31(11):15-18.HU Fuquan,ZHU Yuzhou,GAO Wenjun,et al.Analysis of the Dynamic Response Influence Factors of Steel Cable Bridge Structure[J].Steel Construction,2016,31(11):15-18.