典型红壤不同形态氮素迁移对长期施肥制度的响应
|
摘要
【目的】基于长期定位试验,探讨典型红壤水稻土不同施肥制度下不同形态土壤氮素迁移特征,为红壤水稻土氮肥合理施用提供理论依据。【方法】选取始于1981年的进贤红壤长期定位试验站4个典型施肥处理,分别为不施肥对照(CK)、施氮磷钾肥(NPK)、氮磷钾配施秸秆(NPKS)、氮磷钾配施有机肥(NPKSM),测定并分析0—10 cm、10—20 cm、20—40 cm和40—60 cm土层土壤全氮(TN)、碱解氮(AN)、硝态氮(NO_3~--N)、铵态氮(NH_4~+-N)、可溶性有机氮(DON)和微生物生物量氮(SMBN)变化特征。【结果】不同处理不同形态氮素基本均随土层加深呈下降趋势,但不同形态氮素在不同层次下降特征不同。其中有效态氮,如AN、NO_3~--N、NH_4~+-N、DON和SMBN主要集中分布在0—20 cm土层,且20—60 cm土层含量较0—20 cm明显降低;而TN在表层0—40 cm土层变化不明显。与CK相比,施肥处理可不同程度地提高0—60 cm各土层各形态氮素含量。其中NPKSM处理显著提高各形态氮素含量,其次为NPKS和NPK处理。相同处理下,TN在0—40 cm土层变化不明显;但在0—60 cm土层TN含量均表现为NPKSM>NPKS>NPK>CK。各处理AN含量随土层深度增加降低幅度显著,其中,20—40 cm土层AN含量相比10—20 cm土层分别降低了42%(CK)、50%(NPK)、44%(NPKS)、44%(NPKSM)。各处理不同土层NO_3~--N和NH_4~+-N含量均以NPKSM处理显著高于其他处理;其中40—60 cm土层中NO_3~--N和NH_4~+-N与0—10 cm土层相比,NH_4~+-N含量下降幅度更大,分别为51%(CK)、48%(NPK)、54%(NPKS)、36%(NPKSM),且NO_3~--N和NH_4~+-N均以NPKS处理下降幅度最大,NPKSM处理最小。各处理DON含量在0—20 cm土层差异显著,且均以化肥与有机肥配施处理显著高于其他处理;CK和NPK处理40—60 cm土层的DON含量较20—40 cm略有增加,但NPKS和NPKSM处理则显著降低。各处理SMBN在10—20 cm土层差异最大,表现为NPKSM>NPKS>NPK>CK。相同处理下各形态氮素占TN的比例随土层深度的增加而下降,其中在0—20 cm土层各比例变化较明显;整体上NPKS与NPKSM处理的SMBN占TN比例较高,为2%—4%。耕层土壤(0—20 cm)的TN、AN、NO_3~--N、DON和SMBN两两之间均存在显著的正相关关系(P≤0.05),其中TN、DON、AN与SMBN之间存在极显著正相关关系(P≤0.01)。施肥处理(NPK、NPKS、NPKSM)较不施肥处理(CK)可显著提高早、晚稻稻谷、稻草产量和总生物量及其相应的氮吸收量,其中以NPKSM处理最高;但NPKSM处理的无机氮残留量及氮表观损失也显著高于其他处理。【结论】不同施肥处理对各形态氮素的影响主要集中在土壤耕层(0—20 cm),且各形态氮素含量整体上随土层深度的增加而降低,化肥与有机肥配施可以更好改善红壤区各土层氮素的供应情况;同时化肥与有机肥配施能显著提高作物产量及其氮吸收量,但也增加了其无机氮残留量及氮表观损失量。
【Objective】This study was aimed to explore the characteristics of different nitrogen forms migration under different fertilizations in typical red soil,so as to provide theoretical basis for rational amount of applied nitrogen in red soil region.【Method】Based on the long-term experiment site located at Jinxian,Jiangxi province,four typical treatments were chosen as:(1)no fertilization(CK);(2)mineral nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium(NPK);(3)NPK combined with straw(NPKS);(4)NPK combined with pig manure and straw(NPKSM).Four levels of soil samples of 0-10 cm,10-20 cm,20-40 cm and 40-60cm were collected from each treatment.Soil total nitrogen(TN),alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen(AN),nitrate nitrogen(NO_3~--N),ammonium nitrogen(NH_4~+-N),dissolved organic nitrogen(DON)and microbial biomass nitrogen(SMBN)were measured and analyzed.【Result】The results showed that the content of nitrogen forms under different treatments decreased with soil depth,while the different nitrogen forms demonstrated different characteristics in different soil layers.The available nitrogen forms(e.g.AN,NO_3~--N,NH_4~+-N,DON and SMBN)were concentrated at 0-20 cm soil layers,and their content obviously decreased in 20-60 cm compared with 0-20 cm under all treatments.The TN content in 0-40 cm layers was no significantly change.The fertilizer treatments(i.e.NPK,NPKS and NPKSM)could improve all nitrogen forms content compared with CK,which was the highest under NPKSM treatment.The TN content was little change under the same treatment in 0-40 cm,while the TN content was ordered as NPKSM>NPKS>NPK>CK in 0-60 cm.The AN content under the same treatment was obviously decreased with soil depths.Therein,compared with the AN content in 10-20 cm,which in 20-40 cm was decreased by 42%(CK),50%(NPK),and 44%(NPKS,NPKSM),respectively.The NO_3~--N and NH_4~+-N content were highest under NPKSM treatment in each soil layers.Therein,the drop of NH_4~+-N between40-60 cm and 0-10 cm was higher than that of NO_3~--N,which ordered as 54%(NPKS)>51%(CK)>48%(NPK)>36%(NPKSM).The DON content was significantly different among the treatments in 0-20 cm,and which was higher under the treatment with mineral fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer.The DON content under CK and NPK treatments in 40-60 cm was increased slightly,while significantly decreased under NPKS and NPKSM treatments.The SMBN was significantly different among treatments in 10-20 cm layer compared with other soil layers,and ordered as NPKSM>NPKS>NPK>CK.The proportion of each form of nitrogen to total nitrogen was decreased with soil depth.There was significantly positive correlation between TN,AN,NO_3~--N,DON and SMBN at 0-20 cm(P≤0.05),among which TN,DON,AN and SMBN existed very significant positive correlation(P≤0.01).The early,late rice grain yield,straw yield,total biomass,and their nitrogen accumulation were significantly higher under fertilization treatments(i.e.NPK,NPKS,and NPKSM)than that under CK treatment,which was the highest under NPKSM treatment.Moreover,the residual mineral nitrogen and apparent nitrogen loss were also highest under NPKSM treatment.【Conclusion】In red soil,the effect of fertilization on nitrogen form focused on the upper layer(e.g.0-20 cm).All the nitrogen forms content under all treatments decreased with soil depths.All forms of nitrogen content at 0-60 cm was improved under NPKSM.Meanwhile,the crop yield and their nitrogen accumulation were significantly increased under NPKSM treatment,so did with the residual mineral nitrogen and apparent nitrogen loss.
【Objective】This study was aimed to explore the characteristics of different nitrogen forms migration under different fertilizations in typical red soil,so as to provide theoretical basis for rational amount of applied nitrogen in red soil region.【Method】Based on the long-term experiment site located at Jinxian,Jiangxi province,four typical treatments were chosen as:(1)no fertilization(CK);(2)mineral nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium(NPK);(3)NPK combined with straw(NPKS);(4)NPK combined with pig manure and straw(NPKSM).Four levels of soil samples of 0-10 cm,10-20 cm,20-40 cm and 40-60cm were collected from each treatment.Soil total nitrogen(TN),alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen(AN),nitrate nitrogen(NO_3~--N),ammonium nitrogen(NH_4~+-N),dissolved organic nitrogen(DON)and microbial biomass nitrogen(SMBN)were measured and analyzed.【Result】The results showed that the content of nitrogen forms under different treatments decreased with soil depth,while the different nitrogen forms demonstrated different characteristics in different soil layers.The available nitrogen forms(e.g.AN,NO_3~--N,NH_4~+-N,DON and SMBN)were concentrated at 0-20 cm soil layers,and their content obviously decreased in 20-60 cm compared with 0-20 cm under all treatments.The TN content in 0-40 cm layers was no significantly change.The fertilizer treatments(i.e.NPK,NPKS and NPKSM)could improve all nitrogen forms content compared with CK,which was the highest under NPKSM treatment.The TN content was little change under the same treatment in 0-40 cm,while the TN content was ordered as NPKSM>NPKS>NPK>CK in 0-60 cm.The AN content under the same treatment was obviously decreased with soil depths.Therein,compared with the AN content in 10-20 cm,which in 20-40 cm was decreased by 42%(CK),50%(NPK),and 44%(NPKS,NPKSM),respectively.The NO_3~--N and NH_4~+-N content were highest under NPKSM treatment in each soil layers.Therein,the drop of NH_4~+-N between40-60 cm and 0-10 cm was higher than that of NO_3~--N,which ordered as 54%(NPKS)>51%(CK)>48%(NPK)>36%(NPKSM).The DON content was significantly different among the treatments in 0-20 cm,and which was higher under the treatment with mineral fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer.The DON content under CK and NPK treatments in 40-60 cm was increased slightly,while significantly decreased under NPKS and NPKSM treatments.The SMBN was significantly different among treatments in 10-20 cm layer compared with other soil layers,and ordered as NPKSM>NPKS>NPK>CK.The proportion of each form of nitrogen to total nitrogen was decreased with soil depth.There was significantly positive correlation between TN,AN,NO_3~--N,DON and SMBN at 0-20 cm(P≤0.05),among which TN,DON,AN and SMBN existed very significant positive correlation(P≤0.01).The early,late rice grain yield,straw yield,total biomass,and their nitrogen accumulation were significantly higher under fertilization treatments(i.e.NPK,NPKS,and NPKSM)than that under CK treatment,which was the highest under NPKSM treatment.Moreover,the residual mineral nitrogen and apparent nitrogen loss were also highest under NPKSM treatment.【Conclusion】In red soil,the effect of fertilization on nitrogen form focused on the upper layer(e.g.0-20 cm).All the nitrogen forms content under all treatments decreased with soil depths.All forms of nitrogen content at 0-60 cm was improved under NPKSM.Meanwhile,the crop yield and their nitrogen accumulation were significantly increased under NPKSM treatment,so did with the residual mineral nitrogen and apparent nitrogen loss.
引文
[1]朱兆良,文启孝.中国土壤氮素.南京:江苏科学技术出版社,1992:213-249.ZHU Z L,WEN Q X.China Soil Nitrogen.Nanjing:Jiangsu Science and Technology Press,1992:213-249.(in Chinese)
[2]SHRESTHA R K,COOPERBAND L R,MACGUIDWIN A E.Strategies to reduce nitrate leaching into groundwater in potato grown in sandy soils:case study from North Central USA.American Journal of Potato Research,2010,87(3):229-244.
[3]ZHAO C S,HU C X,HUANG W,SUN X C,TAN Q L,DI H J.Alysimeter study of nitrate leaching and optimum nitrogen application rates for intensively irrigated vegetable production systems in Central China.Journal of Soils Sediments,2010(10):9-17.
[4]孙波,潘贤章,王德建,韩晓增,张玉铭,郝明德,陈欣.我国不同区域农田养分平衡对土壤肥力时空演变的影响.地球科学进展,2008,23(11):1201-1208.SUN B,PAN X Z,WANG D J,HAN X Z,ZHANG Y M,HAO M D,CHEN X.Effect of nutrient balance on spatial and temporal change of soil fertility in different agriculture area in China.Advances in Earth Science,2008,23(11):1201-1208.(in Chinese)
[5]马力,杨林章,肖和艾,殷士学,夏立忠,李运东,刘国华.长期施肥和秸秆还田对红壤水稻土氮素分布和矿化特性的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(4):898-905.MA L,YANG L Z,XIAO H A,YIN S X,XIA L Z,LI Y D,LIU G H.Effects of long-term fertilization and straw returning on distribution and mineralization of nitrogen in paddy soils in subtropical China.Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2011,17(4):898-905.(in Chinese)
[6]王火焰,周健民.根区施肥-提高肥料养分利用率和减少面源污染的关键和必需措施.土壤,2013,45(5):785-790.WANG H Y,ZHOU J M.Root-zone fertilization?A key and necessary approach to improve fertilizer use efficiency and reduce non-point source pollution from the cropland.Soils,2013,45(5):785-790.(in Chinese)
[7]彭令发,郝明德,来璐,李丽霞.黄土旱塬区长期施肥对土壤剖面养分分布的影响.水土保持通报,2003,23(1):36-38.PENG L F,HAO M D,LAI L,LI L X.Effect of Long-term fertilization on nutrients distribution of soil profiles in arid highland of Loess Plateau.Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2003,23(1):36-38.(in Chinese)
[8]包耀贤,吴发启,贾玉奎.黄土丘陵沟壑区坝地和梯田土壤氮素特征与演变.西北农林科技大学学报,2008,36(3):97-104.BAO Y X,WU F Q,JIA Y K.Characteristic is and evolution of soil nitrogen in dam land and terrace in Loess Hilly Region.Journal of Northwest A&F University,2008,36(3):97-104.(in Chinese)
[9]包耀贤,吴发启,刘明虎,宋芳云.渭北旱塬梯田土壤氮素特征及影响因素分析.干旱地区农业研究,2008,26(5):109-114.BAO Y X,WU D Q,LIU M H,SONG F Y.Analysis on characteristics and influencing factors of soil nitrogen for terrace in the Weibei dryland.Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2008,26(5):109-114.(in Chinese)
[10]段鹏鹏,丛耀辉,徐文静,张玉玲,虞娜,张玉龙.氮肥与有机肥配施对设施土壤可溶性氮动态变化的影响.中国农业科学,2015,48(23):4717-4727.DUAN P P,CONG Y H,XU W J,ZHANG Y L,YU N,ZHANG Y L.Effect of combined application of nitrogen fertilizer and manure on the dynamic of soil soluble N in greenhouse cultivation.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2015,48(23):4717-4727.(in Chinese)
[11]吴建富,张美良,刘经荣,王海辉.不同肥料结构对红壤稻田氮素迁移的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,2001,7(4):368-373.WU J F,ZHANG M L,LIU J R,WANG H H.Effect of different structure of fertilizer on the migration of nitrogen in red rice soil.Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2001,7(4):368-373.(in Chinese)
[12]白雪原,红梅,武岩,翟丽霞,美丽.施肥对河套灌区土壤铵态氮、硝态氮的影响.北方农业学报,2016,44(3):15-17.BAI X Y,HONG M,WU Y,ZHAI L X,MEI L.Effects of fertilizer on NH4+-N and NO3--N of soil in Hetao irrigation area.Journal of Northern Agriculture,2016,44(3):15-17.(in Chinese)
[13]秦明周.红壤丘陵区农业土地利用对土壤肥力的影响及评价.山地学报,1999,17(1):71-75.QIN M Z.Assessment on influence of agricultural land use on soil nutrient fertility in red soil hills region.Journal of Mountain Science,1999,17(1):71-75.(in Chinese)
[14]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析.北京:中国农业出版社,2000:25.BAO S D.Soil and Agricultural Chemistry Analysis.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2000:25.(in Chinese)
[15]吴金水.土壤微生物生物量测定方法及其应用.北京:气象出版社,2006:54.WU J S.Method and Application of Soil Microbial Biomass Measurement.Beijing:China Meteorological Press,2006:54.(in Chinese)
[16]鲁艳红,聂军,廖育林,周兴,王宇,汤文光.氮素抑制剂对双季稻产量、氮素利用效率及土壤氮平衡的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,2018,24(1):95-104.LU Y H,NIE J,LIAO Y L,ZHOU X,WANG Y,TANG W G.Effects of urease and nitrification inhibitor on yield,nitrogen efficiency and soil nitrogen balance under double-rice cropping system.Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers,2018,24(1):95-104.(in Chinese)
[17]薛亮,马忠明,杜少平,冯守疆,冉生斌.氮素用量对膜下滴灌甜瓜产量以及氮素平衡、硝态氮累积的影响.中国农业科学,2019,52(4):690-700.XUE L,MA Z M,DU S P,FENG S J,RAN S B.Effects of application of nitrogen on melon yield,nitrogen balance and soil nitrogen accumulation under plastic mulching with drip irrigation.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2019,52(4):690-700.(in Chinese)
[18]李大明,柳开楼,叶会财,胡志华,余喜初,徐小林,杨旭初,周利军,胡秋萍,胡惠文,黄庆海.长期不同施肥处理红壤旱地剖面养分分布差异.植物营养与肥料学报,2018,24(3):633-640.LI D M,LIU K L,YE H C,HU Z H,YU X C,XU X L,YANG X C,ZHOU L J,HU Q P,HU H W,HUANG Q H.Differences of soil nutrient distribution in profiles under long-term fertilization in upland red soil.Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers,2018,24(3):633-640.(in Chinese)
[19]ZHANG Y G,JIANG Y,LIANG W J,WEN D Z,ZHANG Y L.Vertical variation and storage of nitrogen in an aquic brown soil under different land uses.Journal of Forestry Research,2004,15(3):192-196.
[20]张智猛,戴良香,张电学,常连生.冬小麦-夏玉米轮作周期内碱解氮、硝态氮时空变化及施氮安全值的研究.土壤通报,2004,35(1):38-42.ZHANG Z M,DAI L X,ZHANG D X,CHANG L S.Study on change on alkali hydrolysable N and NO3--N content in soil with time and space and secure use of nitrogen amount in the wheat-maize rotating system.Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2004,35(1):38-42.(in Chinese)
[21]赵聪,曹莹菲,刘克,杨学云,吕家珑.长期不同施肥对塿土氮素分布的影响.农业环境科学学报,2013,32(7):1375-1381.ZHAO C,CAO F F,LIU K,YANG X Y,LV J L.Effects of long-term fertilization on nitrogen distribution in manural loessial soil.Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2013,32(7):1375-1381.(in Chinese)
[22]施春建,庄秋丽,李琪,梁文举,姜勇.东北地区不同纬度农田土壤碱解氮的剖面分布.生态学杂志,2007,26(4):501-504.SHI C J,ZHUANG Q L,LI Q,LIANG W J,JIANG Y.Profile distribution of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen in farmland soils of Northeast China along a latitudinal gradient.Chinese Journal of Ecology,2007,26(4):501-504.(in Chinese)
[23]南镇武,刘树堂,袁铭章,刘锦涛.辛励,陈晶培.长期定位施肥土壤硝态氮和铵态氮积累特征及其与玉米产量的关系.华北农学报,2016,31(2):176-181.NAN Z W,LIU S T,YUAN M Z,LIU J T,XIN L,CHEN J P.Characteristics of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen accumulation in soil and its relationship with maize yield on long-term located fertilization.Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica,2016,31(2):176-181.(in Chinese)
[24]BASSO B,RITCHIE J T.Impact of compost,manure and inorganic fertilizer on nitrate leaching and yield for a 6-year maize-alfalfa rotation in Michigan.Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment,2005,l08:329-341.
[25]张慧霞,周怀平,杨振兴,解文艳.关春林.长期施肥对旱地土壤剖面硝态氮分布和累积的影响.山西农业科学,2014,42(5):465-469.ZHANG H X,ZHOU H P,YANG Z X,XIE W Y,GUAN C L.Effect of long-term fertilization to distribution and accumulation of NO3--Nin dryland soil.Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences,2014,42(5):465-469.(in Chinese)
[26]盖霞普,刘宏斌,翟丽梅,杨波,任天志,王洪媛,武淑霞,雷秋良.长期增施有机肥/秸秆还田对土壤氮素淋失风险的影响.中国农业科学,2018,51(12):2336-2347.GAI X P,LIU H B,ZHAI L M,YANG B,REN T Z,WANG H Y,WUS X,LEI Q L.Effects of long-term additional application of organic manure or straw incorporation on soil nitrogen leaching risk.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2018,51(12):2336-2347.(in Chinese)
[27]梁斌,周建斌,杨学云.长期施肥对土壤微生物生物量碳、氮及矿质态氮含量动态变化的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(2):321-326.LIANG B,ZHOU J B,YANG X Y.Changes of soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen,and mineral nitrogen after a long-term different fertilization.Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2010,16(2):321-326.(in Chinese)
[28]张丹,付斌,胡万里,翟丽梅,刘宏斌,陈安强,盖霞普,张亦涛,刘剑,王洪媛.秸秆还田提高水稻-油菜轮作土壤固氮能力及作物产量.农业工程学报,2017,33(9):133-140.ZHANG D,FU B,HU W L,ZHAI L M,LIU H B,CHEN A Q,GAIX P,ZHANG Y T,LIU J,WANG H Y.Increasing soil nitrogen fixation capacity and crop yield of rice-rape rotation by straw returning.Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2017,33(9):133-140.(in Chinese)
[29]刘慧颖.玉米田氮素管理对氮肥综合效应影响的评价[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2013.LIU H Y.The evaluation of nitrogen management on comprehensive effect of nitrogen fertilizer in maize field[D].Shenyang:Shenyang Agricultural University,2013.(in Chinese)
[30]宁建凤,邹献中,杨少海,魏岚,巫金龙.有机无机氮肥配施对土壤氮淋失及油麦菜生长的影响.农业工程学报,2007,23(11):95-100.NING J F,ZOU X Z,YANG S H,WEI L,WU J L.Effects of combined application of organic and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer on the soil nitrogen leaching and the growth of leaf used lettuce.Transactions of the CSAE,2007,23(11):95-100.(in Chinese)
[31]王敬,程谊,蔡祖聪,张金波.长期施肥对农田土壤氮素关键转化过程的影响.土壤学报,2016,53(2):292-303.WANG J,CHENG Y,CAI Z C,ZHANG J B.Effects of long-term fertilization on key processes of soil nitrogen cycling in agricultural soil:A review.Acta Pedologica Sinica,2016,53(2):292-303.(in Chinese)
[32]黄东风,王果,李卫华,邱孝煊.不同施肥模式对蔬菜生长、氮肥利用及菜地氮流失的影响.应用生态学报,2009,20(3):631-638.HUANG D F,WANG G,LI W H,QIU X X.Effects of different fertilization modes on vegetable growth,fertilizer nitrogen utilization,and nitrogen loss from vegetable field.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2009,20(3):631-638.(in Chinese)
[33]李彦,孙翠平,井永平,罗加法,张英鹏,仲子文,孙明,薄录吉,刘兆辉.长期施用有机肥对潮土土壤肥力及硝态氮运移规律的影响.农业环境科学学报,2017,36(7):1386-1394.LI Y,SUN C P,JING Y P,LUO J F,ZHANG Y P,ZHONG Z W,SUNM,BO L J,LIU Z H.Effects of long-term application of organic manure on soil fertility and nitrate-N transport in fluvo-aquic soil.Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2017,36(7):1386-1394.(in Chinese)
[34]杨合法,范聚芳,梁丽娜,杨玉宝,牛灵安,李季.长期不同施肥模式对日光温室土壤硝态氮时空分布及累积的影响.中国生态农业学报,2011,19(2):246-252.YANG H F,FAN J F,LIANG L N,YANG Y B,NIU L A,LI J.Effects of long-term fertilization modes on spatio-temporal distribution and accumulation of soil nitrate nitrogen in solar greenhouse.Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2011,19(2):246-252.(in Chinese)
[35]刘顺国,汪景宽.长期地膜覆盖对棕壤剖面中NH4+-N和NO3--N动态变化的影响.土壤通报,2006,37(3):443-446.LIU S G,WANG J K.Effect of long-term covering with plastic film on NH4+-N and NO3--N in depth profile of brown earth.Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2006,37(3):443-446.(in Chinese)
[36]谢永春,张平良,郭天文,姜小凤,侯慧芝.覆膜穴播方式对旱地小麦田土壤硝态氮和铵态氮积累的影响.麦类作物学报,2015,35(6):836-843.XIE Y C,ZHANG P L,GUO T W,JIANG X F,HOU H Z.Effect of film-mulching on nitrate and ammonium nitrogen in dryland wheat fields.Journal of Triticeae Crops,2015,35(6):836-843.(in Chinese)
[37]王少平,俞立中,许世远,程声通.上海青紫泥土壤氮素淋溶及其对水环境影响研究.长江流域资源与环境,2002,11(6):554-558.WANG S P,YU L Z,XU S Y,CHENG S T.Nitrogen leaching in the purple clay and analysis on its influence on water environmental quality in Shanghai.Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2002,11(6):554-558.(in Chinese)
[38]LIU S Y,CHI Q D,CHENG Y,ZHU B,LI W Z,ZHANG X F,HUANG Y Q,MüLLER C,CAI Z C,ZHANG J B.Importance of matching soil N transformations,crop N form preference,and climate to enhance crop yield and reducing N loss.Science of the Total Environment,2019,657:1265-1273.
[39]张宏威,康凌云,梁斌,陈清,李俊良,严正娟.长期大量施肥增加设施菜田土壤可溶性有机氮淋溶风险.农业工程学报,2013,21(29):99-107.ZHANG H W,KANG L Y,LIANG B,CHEN Q,LI J L,YAN Z J.Long-term heavy fertilization increases leaching risk of soil soluble organic nitrogen in vegetable greenhouse.Transactions of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2013,21(29):99-107.(in Chinese)
[40]孔祥忠,于红梅,束良佐,宋强,刘涛.农田利用方式对土壤可溶性氮素含量及迁移的影响.土壤通报,2015,46(6):1359-1365.KONG X Z,YU H M,SHU L Z,SONG Q,LIU T.Impact of land use on the content and migration pattern of soluble organic nitrogen.Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2015,46(6):1359-1365.(in Chinese)
[41]陶晓,徐小牛,石雷.城市土壤活性碳,氮分布特征及影响因素.生态学杂志,2011,30(12):2868-2874.TAO X,XU X N,SHI L.Distribution characteristics of urban soil active organic carbon and nitrogen and related controlling factors.Chinese Journal of Ecology,2011,30(12):2868-2874.(in Chinese)
[42]CHAPMAN P J,WILLIAMS B L,HAWKINS A.Influence of temperature and vegetation cover on soluble inorganic and organic nitrogen in a spodosol.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2001,33(7):1113-1121.
[43]ROSA G H,HOFFLAND E,VAN KESSEL C,TEMMINGHOFF E JM.Extractable and dissolved soil organic nitrogen-A quantitative assessment.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2009,41(6):1029-1039.
[44]赵满兴,周建斌,陈竹君,杨绒.有机肥中可溶性有机碳、氮含量及其特性.生态学报,2007,27(1):397-403.ZHAO M X,ZHOU J B,CHEN Z J,YANG R.Concentration and characteristics of soluble organic nitrogen(SON)and carbon(SOC)in different types of organic manures.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2007,27(1):397-403.(in Chinese)
[45]SCHIMEL J,BALSER T C,WALLENSTAIN M.Microbial stress-response physiology and its implications for ecosystem function.Ecology,2007,86(6):1386-1394.
[46]KALBITZ K,SOLINGER S,PARK J H,MICHALZIK B,MATZNER Z.Controls on the dynamics of dissolved organic matter in soils:A review.Soil Science,2000,165(4):277-304.
[47]徐一兰,唐海明,肖小平,郭立君,李微艳,孙继民.长期施肥对双季稻田土壤微生物学特性的影响.生态学报,2016,36(18):1-9.XU Y L,TANG H M,XIAO X P,GUO L J,LI W Y,SUN J M.Effects of different long-term fertilization regimes on the soil microbiological properties of a paddy filed.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(18):1-9.(in Chinese)
[48]刘守龙,肖和艾,童成立,吴金水.亚热带稻田土壤微生物生物量碳、氮、磷状况及其对施肥反应特点.农业现代化研究,2003,24(4):278-284.LIU S L,XIAO H A,TONG C L,WU J S.Microbial biomass C,Nand P and their responses to application of inorganic fertilizers in subtropical paddy soils.Research of Agricultural Modernization,2003,24(4):278-284.(in Chinese)
[49]WANG J G,BAKKEN L R.Competition for nitrogen during mineralization of plant residues in soil:microbial response to C and Navailability.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,1997,29:163-170.
[50]HODGE A,ROBINSON D,FITTER A.Are microorganisms more effective than plants at competing for nitrogen?Trends in Plant Science,2000,5(7):304-308.
[51]VAN VEEN J A,LADD J H,FRISSEL M J.Modeling C and Nturnover through the microbial biomass in soil.Plant and Soil,1984,76:257-274.
[52]李世清,李生秀,邵明安,郭大勇.半干旱农田生态系统长期施肥对土壤有机氮组分和微生物体氮的影响.中国农业科学,2004,37(6):859-864.LI S Q,LI S X,SHAO M A,GUO D Y.Effects of long-term application of fertilizers on soil organic nitrogen components and microbial biomass nitrogen in semiarid farmland ecological system.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2004,37(6):859-864.(in Chinese)
[53]CHEN C R,XU Z H,ZHANG S L,KEAY P.Soluble organic nitrogen pools in forest soils of subtropical Australia.Plant and Soil,2005,277(1/2):285-297.
[54]ZHONG Z,MAKESCHIN F.Soluble organic nitrogen in temperate forest soils.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2003,35(2):333-338.
[55]HUANG C Y,JIE S H,CHEN T H,TIAN G L,CHIU C Y.Soluble organic C and N and their relationships with soil organic C and N and microbial characteristics in moso bamboo(Phyllostachys edulis)plantations along an elevation gradient in central Taiwan.Journal of Soils and Sediments,2014,14(6):1061-1070.
[56]黎宁,李华兴,朱凤娇,刘远金,邝培锐.菜园土壤微生物生态特征与土壤理化性质的关系.应用生态学报,2006,17(2):285-290.LI N,LI H X,ZHU F J,LIU Y J,KUANG P R.Relationships between soil microbial ecological characteristics and physicalchemical properties of vegetable garden soil.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2006,17(2):285-290.(in Chinese)
[57]高菊生,黄晶,董春华,徐明岗,曾希柏,文石林.长期有机无机肥配施对水稻产量及土壤有效养分影响.土壤学报,2014,51(2):314-324.GAO J S,HUANG J,DONG C H,XU M G,ZENG X B,WEN S L.Effects of long-term combined application of organic and chemical fertilizers on rice yield and soil available nutrients.Acta Pedologica Sinica,2014,51(2):314-324.(in Chinese)
[58]张文锋,袁颖红,周际海,芮绍云,李丽,李大明,黄欠如,成艳红.长期施肥对红壤性水稻土碳库管理指数和双季水稻产量的影响.生态环境学报,2016,25(4):569-575.ZHANG W F,YUAN Y H,ZHOU J H,RUI S Y,LI L,LI D M,HUANG Q R,CHENG Y H.Effects of long-term fertilization on the carbon management index and double rice yield in Red paddy soils.Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2016,25(4):569-575.(in Chinese)
[59]王秀斌,周卫,梁国庆,裴雪霞,夏文建,孙静文.优化施肥条件下华北冬小麦/夏玉米轮作体系的土壤氨挥发.植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(2):344-351.WANG X B,ZHOU W,LIANG G Q,PEI X X,XIA W J,SUN J W.Effect of optimized nitrogen application on ammonia volatilization from soil in winter wheat-summer corn rotation system in Northern China.Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2009,15(2):344-351.(in Chinese)
[60]张玉革,王力,姜勇.施肥对水稻生物学性状和土壤氮素平衡的影响.沈阳农业大学学报,1999,30(2):115-117.ZHANG Y G,WANG L,JIANG Y.Effect of fertilizer application on biological properties of rice and the balance of soil nitrogen.Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University,1999,30(2):115-117.(in Chinese)
[61]姜丽娜,符建荣,马军伟,叶静,林成远.有机无机复配肥氮肥利用率的15N生物示踪研究.浙江农业学报,2005,17(5):287-291.JIANG L N,FU J R,MA J W,YE J,LIN C Y.Study on nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency of organic and inorganic compound fertilizer with 15N isotope.Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis,2005,17(5):287-291.(in Chinese)
[62]张亚丽,张娟,沈其荣,王金川.秸秆生物有机肥的施用对土壤供氮能力的影响.应用生态学报,2002,13(12):1575-1578.ZHANG Y L,ZHANG J,SHEN Q R,WANG J C.Effect of combined application of bioorganic manure and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer on soil nitrogen supplying characteristics.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2002,13(12):1575-1578.(in Chinese)
[2]SHRESTHA R K,COOPERBAND L R,MACGUIDWIN A E.Strategies to reduce nitrate leaching into groundwater in potato grown in sandy soils:case study from North Central USA.American Journal of Potato Research,2010,87(3):229-244.
[3]ZHAO C S,HU C X,HUANG W,SUN X C,TAN Q L,DI H J.Alysimeter study of nitrate leaching and optimum nitrogen application rates for intensively irrigated vegetable production systems in Central China.Journal of Soils Sediments,2010(10):9-17.
[4]孙波,潘贤章,王德建,韩晓增,张玉铭,郝明德,陈欣.我国不同区域农田养分平衡对土壤肥力时空演变的影响.地球科学进展,2008,23(11):1201-1208.SUN B,PAN X Z,WANG D J,HAN X Z,ZHANG Y M,HAO M D,CHEN X.Effect of nutrient balance on spatial and temporal change of soil fertility in different agriculture area in China.Advances in Earth Science,2008,23(11):1201-1208.(in Chinese)
[5]马力,杨林章,肖和艾,殷士学,夏立忠,李运东,刘国华.长期施肥和秸秆还田对红壤水稻土氮素分布和矿化特性的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(4):898-905.MA L,YANG L Z,XIAO H A,YIN S X,XIA L Z,LI Y D,LIU G H.Effects of long-term fertilization and straw returning on distribution and mineralization of nitrogen in paddy soils in subtropical China.Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2011,17(4):898-905.(in Chinese)
[6]王火焰,周健民.根区施肥-提高肥料养分利用率和减少面源污染的关键和必需措施.土壤,2013,45(5):785-790.WANG H Y,ZHOU J M.Root-zone fertilization?A key and necessary approach to improve fertilizer use efficiency and reduce non-point source pollution from the cropland.Soils,2013,45(5):785-790.(in Chinese)
[7]彭令发,郝明德,来璐,李丽霞.黄土旱塬区长期施肥对土壤剖面养分分布的影响.水土保持通报,2003,23(1):36-38.PENG L F,HAO M D,LAI L,LI L X.Effect of Long-term fertilization on nutrients distribution of soil profiles in arid highland of Loess Plateau.Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2003,23(1):36-38.(in Chinese)
[8]包耀贤,吴发启,贾玉奎.黄土丘陵沟壑区坝地和梯田土壤氮素特征与演变.西北农林科技大学学报,2008,36(3):97-104.BAO Y X,WU F Q,JIA Y K.Characteristic is and evolution of soil nitrogen in dam land and terrace in Loess Hilly Region.Journal of Northwest A&F University,2008,36(3):97-104.(in Chinese)
[9]包耀贤,吴发启,刘明虎,宋芳云.渭北旱塬梯田土壤氮素特征及影响因素分析.干旱地区农业研究,2008,26(5):109-114.BAO Y X,WU D Q,LIU M H,SONG F Y.Analysis on characteristics and influencing factors of soil nitrogen for terrace in the Weibei dryland.Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2008,26(5):109-114.(in Chinese)
[10]段鹏鹏,丛耀辉,徐文静,张玉玲,虞娜,张玉龙.氮肥与有机肥配施对设施土壤可溶性氮动态变化的影响.中国农业科学,2015,48(23):4717-4727.DUAN P P,CONG Y H,XU W J,ZHANG Y L,YU N,ZHANG Y L.Effect of combined application of nitrogen fertilizer and manure on the dynamic of soil soluble N in greenhouse cultivation.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2015,48(23):4717-4727.(in Chinese)
[11]吴建富,张美良,刘经荣,王海辉.不同肥料结构对红壤稻田氮素迁移的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,2001,7(4):368-373.WU J F,ZHANG M L,LIU J R,WANG H H.Effect of different structure of fertilizer on the migration of nitrogen in red rice soil.Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2001,7(4):368-373.(in Chinese)
[12]白雪原,红梅,武岩,翟丽霞,美丽.施肥对河套灌区土壤铵态氮、硝态氮的影响.北方农业学报,2016,44(3):15-17.BAI X Y,HONG M,WU Y,ZHAI L X,MEI L.Effects of fertilizer on NH4+-N and NO3--N of soil in Hetao irrigation area.Journal of Northern Agriculture,2016,44(3):15-17.(in Chinese)
[13]秦明周.红壤丘陵区农业土地利用对土壤肥力的影响及评价.山地学报,1999,17(1):71-75.QIN M Z.Assessment on influence of agricultural land use on soil nutrient fertility in red soil hills region.Journal of Mountain Science,1999,17(1):71-75.(in Chinese)
[14]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析.北京:中国农业出版社,2000:25.BAO S D.Soil and Agricultural Chemistry Analysis.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2000:25.(in Chinese)
[15]吴金水.土壤微生物生物量测定方法及其应用.北京:气象出版社,2006:54.WU J S.Method and Application of Soil Microbial Biomass Measurement.Beijing:China Meteorological Press,2006:54.(in Chinese)
[16]鲁艳红,聂军,廖育林,周兴,王宇,汤文光.氮素抑制剂对双季稻产量、氮素利用效率及土壤氮平衡的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,2018,24(1):95-104.LU Y H,NIE J,LIAO Y L,ZHOU X,WANG Y,TANG W G.Effects of urease and nitrification inhibitor on yield,nitrogen efficiency and soil nitrogen balance under double-rice cropping system.Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers,2018,24(1):95-104.(in Chinese)
[17]薛亮,马忠明,杜少平,冯守疆,冉生斌.氮素用量对膜下滴灌甜瓜产量以及氮素平衡、硝态氮累积的影响.中国农业科学,2019,52(4):690-700.XUE L,MA Z M,DU S P,FENG S J,RAN S B.Effects of application of nitrogen on melon yield,nitrogen balance and soil nitrogen accumulation under plastic mulching with drip irrigation.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2019,52(4):690-700.(in Chinese)
[18]李大明,柳开楼,叶会财,胡志华,余喜初,徐小林,杨旭初,周利军,胡秋萍,胡惠文,黄庆海.长期不同施肥处理红壤旱地剖面养分分布差异.植物营养与肥料学报,2018,24(3):633-640.LI D M,LIU K L,YE H C,HU Z H,YU X C,XU X L,YANG X C,ZHOU L J,HU Q P,HU H W,HUANG Q H.Differences of soil nutrient distribution in profiles under long-term fertilization in upland red soil.Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers,2018,24(3):633-640.(in Chinese)
[19]ZHANG Y G,JIANG Y,LIANG W J,WEN D Z,ZHANG Y L.Vertical variation and storage of nitrogen in an aquic brown soil under different land uses.Journal of Forestry Research,2004,15(3):192-196.
[20]张智猛,戴良香,张电学,常连生.冬小麦-夏玉米轮作周期内碱解氮、硝态氮时空变化及施氮安全值的研究.土壤通报,2004,35(1):38-42.ZHANG Z M,DAI L X,ZHANG D X,CHANG L S.Study on change on alkali hydrolysable N and NO3--N content in soil with time and space and secure use of nitrogen amount in the wheat-maize rotating system.Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2004,35(1):38-42.(in Chinese)
[21]赵聪,曹莹菲,刘克,杨学云,吕家珑.长期不同施肥对塿土氮素分布的影响.农业环境科学学报,2013,32(7):1375-1381.ZHAO C,CAO F F,LIU K,YANG X Y,LV J L.Effects of long-term fertilization on nitrogen distribution in manural loessial soil.Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2013,32(7):1375-1381.(in Chinese)
[22]施春建,庄秋丽,李琪,梁文举,姜勇.东北地区不同纬度农田土壤碱解氮的剖面分布.生态学杂志,2007,26(4):501-504.SHI C J,ZHUANG Q L,LI Q,LIANG W J,JIANG Y.Profile distribution of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen in farmland soils of Northeast China along a latitudinal gradient.Chinese Journal of Ecology,2007,26(4):501-504.(in Chinese)
[23]南镇武,刘树堂,袁铭章,刘锦涛.辛励,陈晶培.长期定位施肥土壤硝态氮和铵态氮积累特征及其与玉米产量的关系.华北农学报,2016,31(2):176-181.NAN Z W,LIU S T,YUAN M Z,LIU J T,XIN L,CHEN J P.Characteristics of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen accumulation in soil and its relationship with maize yield on long-term located fertilization.Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica,2016,31(2):176-181.(in Chinese)
[24]BASSO B,RITCHIE J T.Impact of compost,manure and inorganic fertilizer on nitrate leaching and yield for a 6-year maize-alfalfa rotation in Michigan.Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment,2005,l08:329-341.
[25]张慧霞,周怀平,杨振兴,解文艳.关春林.长期施肥对旱地土壤剖面硝态氮分布和累积的影响.山西农业科学,2014,42(5):465-469.ZHANG H X,ZHOU H P,YANG Z X,XIE W Y,GUAN C L.Effect of long-term fertilization to distribution and accumulation of NO3--Nin dryland soil.Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences,2014,42(5):465-469.(in Chinese)
[26]盖霞普,刘宏斌,翟丽梅,杨波,任天志,王洪媛,武淑霞,雷秋良.长期增施有机肥/秸秆还田对土壤氮素淋失风险的影响.中国农业科学,2018,51(12):2336-2347.GAI X P,LIU H B,ZHAI L M,YANG B,REN T Z,WANG H Y,WUS X,LEI Q L.Effects of long-term additional application of organic manure or straw incorporation on soil nitrogen leaching risk.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2018,51(12):2336-2347.(in Chinese)
[27]梁斌,周建斌,杨学云.长期施肥对土壤微生物生物量碳、氮及矿质态氮含量动态变化的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(2):321-326.LIANG B,ZHOU J B,YANG X Y.Changes of soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen,and mineral nitrogen after a long-term different fertilization.Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2010,16(2):321-326.(in Chinese)
[28]张丹,付斌,胡万里,翟丽梅,刘宏斌,陈安强,盖霞普,张亦涛,刘剑,王洪媛.秸秆还田提高水稻-油菜轮作土壤固氮能力及作物产量.农业工程学报,2017,33(9):133-140.ZHANG D,FU B,HU W L,ZHAI L M,LIU H B,CHEN A Q,GAIX P,ZHANG Y T,LIU J,WANG H Y.Increasing soil nitrogen fixation capacity and crop yield of rice-rape rotation by straw returning.Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2017,33(9):133-140.(in Chinese)
[29]刘慧颖.玉米田氮素管理对氮肥综合效应影响的评价[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2013.LIU H Y.The evaluation of nitrogen management on comprehensive effect of nitrogen fertilizer in maize field[D].Shenyang:Shenyang Agricultural University,2013.(in Chinese)
[30]宁建凤,邹献中,杨少海,魏岚,巫金龙.有机无机氮肥配施对土壤氮淋失及油麦菜生长的影响.农业工程学报,2007,23(11):95-100.NING J F,ZOU X Z,YANG S H,WEI L,WU J L.Effects of combined application of organic and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer on the soil nitrogen leaching and the growth of leaf used lettuce.Transactions of the CSAE,2007,23(11):95-100.(in Chinese)
[31]王敬,程谊,蔡祖聪,张金波.长期施肥对农田土壤氮素关键转化过程的影响.土壤学报,2016,53(2):292-303.WANG J,CHENG Y,CAI Z C,ZHANG J B.Effects of long-term fertilization on key processes of soil nitrogen cycling in agricultural soil:A review.Acta Pedologica Sinica,2016,53(2):292-303.(in Chinese)
[32]黄东风,王果,李卫华,邱孝煊.不同施肥模式对蔬菜生长、氮肥利用及菜地氮流失的影响.应用生态学报,2009,20(3):631-638.HUANG D F,WANG G,LI W H,QIU X X.Effects of different fertilization modes on vegetable growth,fertilizer nitrogen utilization,and nitrogen loss from vegetable field.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2009,20(3):631-638.(in Chinese)
[33]李彦,孙翠平,井永平,罗加法,张英鹏,仲子文,孙明,薄录吉,刘兆辉.长期施用有机肥对潮土土壤肥力及硝态氮运移规律的影响.农业环境科学学报,2017,36(7):1386-1394.LI Y,SUN C P,JING Y P,LUO J F,ZHANG Y P,ZHONG Z W,SUNM,BO L J,LIU Z H.Effects of long-term application of organic manure on soil fertility and nitrate-N transport in fluvo-aquic soil.Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2017,36(7):1386-1394.(in Chinese)
[34]杨合法,范聚芳,梁丽娜,杨玉宝,牛灵安,李季.长期不同施肥模式对日光温室土壤硝态氮时空分布及累积的影响.中国生态农业学报,2011,19(2):246-252.YANG H F,FAN J F,LIANG L N,YANG Y B,NIU L A,LI J.Effects of long-term fertilization modes on spatio-temporal distribution and accumulation of soil nitrate nitrogen in solar greenhouse.Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2011,19(2):246-252.(in Chinese)
[35]刘顺国,汪景宽.长期地膜覆盖对棕壤剖面中NH4+-N和NO3--N动态变化的影响.土壤通报,2006,37(3):443-446.LIU S G,WANG J K.Effect of long-term covering with plastic film on NH4+-N and NO3--N in depth profile of brown earth.Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2006,37(3):443-446.(in Chinese)
[36]谢永春,张平良,郭天文,姜小凤,侯慧芝.覆膜穴播方式对旱地小麦田土壤硝态氮和铵态氮积累的影响.麦类作物学报,2015,35(6):836-843.XIE Y C,ZHANG P L,GUO T W,JIANG X F,HOU H Z.Effect of film-mulching on nitrate and ammonium nitrogen in dryland wheat fields.Journal of Triticeae Crops,2015,35(6):836-843.(in Chinese)
[37]王少平,俞立中,许世远,程声通.上海青紫泥土壤氮素淋溶及其对水环境影响研究.长江流域资源与环境,2002,11(6):554-558.WANG S P,YU L Z,XU S Y,CHENG S T.Nitrogen leaching in the purple clay and analysis on its influence on water environmental quality in Shanghai.Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2002,11(6):554-558.(in Chinese)
[38]LIU S Y,CHI Q D,CHENG Y,ZHU B,LI W Z,ZHANG X F,HUANG Y Q,MüLLER C,CAI Z C,ZHANG J B.Importance of matching soil N transformations,crop N form preference,and climate to enhance crop yield and reducing N loss.Science of the Total Environment,2019,657:1265-1273.
[39]张宏威,康凌云,梁斌,陈清,李俊良,严正娟.长期大量施肥增加设施菜田土壤可溶性有机氮淋溶风险.农业工程学报,2013,21(29):99-107.ZHANG H W,KANG L Y,LIANG B,CHEN Q,LI J L,YAN Z J.Long-term heavy fertilization increases leaching risk of soil soluble organic nitrogen in vegetable greenhouse.Transactions of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2013,21(29):99-107.(in Chinese)
[40]孔祥忠,于红梅,束良佐,宋强,刘涛.农田利用方式对土壤可溶性氮素含量及迁移的影响.土壤通报,2015,46(6):1359-1365.KONG X Z,YU H M,SHU L Z,SONG Q,LIU T.Impact of land use on the content and migration pattern of soluble organic nitrogen.Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2015,46(6):1359-1365.(in Chinese)
[41]陶晓,徐小牛,石雷.城市土壤活性碳,氮分布特征及影响因素.生态学杂志,2011,30(12):2868-2874.TAO X,XU X N,SHI L.Distribution characteristics of urban soil active organic carbon and nitrogen and related controlling factors.Chinese Journal of Ecology,2011,30(12):2868-2874.(in Chinese)
[42]CHAPMAN P J,WILLIAMS B L,HAWKINS A.Influence of temperature and vegetation cover on soluble inorganic and organic nitrogen in a spodosol.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2001,33(7):1113-1121.
[43]ROSA G H,HOFFLAND E,VAN KESSEL C,TEMMINGHOFF E JM.Extractable and dissolved soil organic nitrogen-A quantitative assessment.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2009,41(6):1029-1039.
[44]赵满兴,周建斌,陈竹君,杨绒.有机肥中可溶性有机碳、氮含量及其特性.生态学报,2007,27(1):397-403.ZHAO M X,ZHOU J B,CHEN Z J,YANG R.Concentration and characteristics of soluble organic nitrogen(SON)and carbon(SOC)in different types of organic manures.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2007,27(1):397-403.(in Chinese)
[45]SCHIMEL J,BALSER T C,WALLENSTAIN M.Microbial stress-response physiology and its implications for ecosystem function.Ecology,2007,86(6):1386-1394.
[46]KALBITZ K,SOLINGER S,PARK J H,MICHALZIK B,MATZNER Z.Controls on the dynamics of dissolved organic matter in soils:A review.Soil Science,2000,165(4):277-304.
[47]徐一兰,唐海明,肖小平,郭立君,李微艳,孙继民.长期施肥对双季稻田土壤微生物学特性的影响.生态学报,2016,36(18):1-9.XU Y L,TANG H M,XIAO X P,GUO L J,LI W Y,SUN J M.Effects of different long-term fertilization regimes on the soil microbiological properties of a paddy filed.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(18):1-9.(in Chinese)
[48]刘守龙,肖和艾,童成立,吴金水.亚热带稻田土壤微生物生物量碳、氮、磷状况及其对施肥反应特点.农业现代化研究,2003,24(4):278-284.LIU S L,XIAO H A,TONG C L,WU J S.Microbial biomass C,Nand P and their responses to application of inorganic fertilizers in subtropical paddy soils.Research of Agricultural Modernization,2003,24(4):278-284.(in Chinese)
[49]WANG J G,BAKKEN L R.Competition for nitrogen during mineralization of plant residues in soil:microbial response to C and Navailability.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,1997,29:163-170.
[50]HODGE A,ROBINSON D,FITTER A.Are microorganisms more effective than plants at competing for nitrogen?Trends in Plant Science,2000,5(7):304-308.
[51]VAN VEEN J A,LADD J H,FRISSEL M J.Modeling C and Nturnover through the microbial biomass in soil.Plant and Soil,1984,76:257-274.
[52]李世清,李生秀,邵明安,郭大勇.半干旱农田生态系统长期施肥对土壤有机氮组分和微生物体氮的影响.中国农业科学,2004,37(6):859-864.LI S Q,LI S X,SHAO M A,GUO D Y.Effects of long-term application of fertilizers on soil organic nitrogen components and microbial biomass nitrogen in semiarid farmland ecological system.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2004,37(6):859-864.(in Chinese)
[53]CHEN C R,XU Z H,ZHANG S L,KEAY P.Soluble organic nitrogen pools in forest soils of subtropical Australia.Plant and Soil,2005,277(1/2):285-297.
[54]ZHONG Z,MAKESCHIN F.Soluble organic nitrogen in temperate forest soils.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2003,35(2):333-338.
[55]HUANG C Y,JIE S H,CHEN T H,TIAN G L,CHIU C Y.Soluble organic C and N and their relationships with soil organic C and N and microbial characteristics in moso bamboo(Phyllostachys edulis)plantations along an elevation gradient in central Taiwan.Journal of Soils and Sediments,2014,14(6):1061-1070.
[56]黎宁,李华兴,朱凤娇,刘远金,邝培锐.菜园土壤微生物生态特征与土壤理化性质的关系.应用生态学报,2006,17(2):285-290.LI N,LI H X,ZHU F J,LIU Y J,KUANG P R.Relationships between soil microbial ecological characteristics and physicalchemical properties of vegetable garden soil.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2006,17(2):285-290.(in Chinese)
[57]高菊生,黄晶,董春华,徐明岗,曾希柏,文石林.长期有机无机肥配施对水稻产量及土壤有效养分影响.土壤学报,2014,51(2):314-324.GAO J S,HUANG J,DONG C H,XU M G,ZENG X B,WEN S L.Effects of long-term combined application of organic and chemical fertilizers on rice yield and soil available nutrients.Acta Pedologica Sinica,2014,51(2):314-324.(in Chinese)
[58]张文锋,袁颖红,周际海,芮绍云,李丽,李大明,黄欠如,成艳红.长期施肥对红壤性水稻土碳库管理指数和双季水稻产量的影响.生态环境学报,2016,25(4):569-575.ZHANG W F,YUAN Y H,ZHOU J H,RUI S Y,LI L,LI D M,HUANG Q R,CHENG Y H.Effects of long-term fertilization on the carbon management index and double rice yield in Red paddy soils.Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2016,25(4):569-575.(in Chinese)
[59]王秀斌,周卫,梁国庆,裴雪霞,夏文建,孙静文.优化施肥条件下华北冬小麦/夏玉米轮作体系的土壤氨挥发.植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(2):344-351.WANG X B,ZHOU W,LIANG G Q,PEI X X,XIA W J,SUN J W.Effect of optimized nitrogen application on ammonia volatilization from soil in winter wheat-summer corn rotation system in Northern China.Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2009,15(2):344-351.(in Chinese)
[60]张玉革,王力,姜勇.施肥对水稻生物学性状和土壤氮素平衡的影响.沈阳农业大学学报,1999,30(2):115-117.ZHANG Y G,WANG L,JIANG Y.Effect of fertilizer application on biological properties of rice and the balance of soil nitrogen.Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University,1999,30(2):115-117.(in Chinese)
[61]姜丽娜,符建荣,马军伟,叶静,林成远.有机无机复配肥氮肥利用率的15N生物示踪研究.浙江农业学报,2005,17(5):287-291.JIANG L N,FU J R,MA J W,YE J,LIN C Y.Study on nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency of organic and inorganic compound fertilizer with 15N isotope.Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis,2005,17(5):287-291.(in Chinese)
[62]张亚丽,张娟,沈其荣,王金川.秸秆生物有机肥的施用对土壤供氮能力的影响.应用生态学报,2002,13(12):1575-1578.ZHANG Y L,ZHANG J,SHEN Q R,WANG J C.Effect of combined application of bioorganic manure and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer on soil nitrogen supplying characteristics.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2002,13(12):1575-1578.(in Chinese)
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |