胡焕庸线两侧城镇建设用地变化及其碳排放差异
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摘要
城镇建设用地在利用和扩张过程中承载和拉动着大量的碳排放。揭示胡焕庸线东西两侧城镇建设用地的碳排放差异,并探讨其驱动因素,能为东西部的协调发展、碳减排工作和新型城镇化提供重要参考。本文借助夜间灯光遥感数据和GIS技术,提出了边界阈值法,对胡焕庸线东西两侧的城镇建设用地进行了提取和分析,并综合相关文献中的碳排放估算方法对其所承载的碳排放进行估算和分析,在此基础上,对其关联性进行了剖析,并结合相关社会经济数据对研究结果进行深入讨论。研究表明:①边界阈值法提取结果的检验结果较好,优于经验阈值法和邻域分析法。②胡焕庸线存在被打破的可能性,2000—2013年东、西两侧城镇建设用地的面积比从95:5变为92:8,差异缩小。③西部地区的快速发展是以高碳排放为代价的,2000—2013年东、西两侧年碳排放量比值从93:7变为90:10,差异缩小。④东、西两侧的城镇建设用地每增加1 km2时,年均碳排放量分别增长1.79万t和2.58万t。因此,国家在继续重视碳排放量较大的东部地区的同时,也应重视西部地区加剧的高碳排放问题。可通过引导城镇建设用地的集约式扩张、优化产业结构和提倡绿色低碳的生活方式等手段促使西部地区走上集约低碳的新型城镇化道路。
The utilization and expansion of urban construction lands produce a large amount of carbon emissions. Revealing the differences of carbon emissions of urban construction lands on the east and west of the Hu Huanyong Line and finding the driving factors can provide important references for the coordinated development of East and West China, carbon emission reduction,and new urbanization. However, there is a lack of comparative research on the changes of urban construction land and carbon emissions in these two regions. With the help of night light remote sensing data and GIS technology, a new method of extracting urban construction land was proposed, and the urban construction lands east and west of the Hu Huanyong Line were extracted and analyzed. The carbon emissions from the urban construction lands were estimated and analyzed through applying the carbon emission estimation methods of relevant literature. Based on these results, the correlations between urban construction lands and carbon emissions were analyzed. Combining with socioeconomic data, the results were discussed in depth. This work indicates that:(1) The results of the boundary-threshold method were better than that of the empirical threshold method and the neighborhood analysis method.(2) The Hu Huanyong Line has the possibility to be broken. From 2000 to 2013, the ratio of the areas of urban construction lands between the east and the west lowered from 95:5 to 92:8.(3) The rapid development of the western regions is at the cost of high carbon emissions. The ratio of annual carbon emissions between the east and the west lowered from 93:7 to 90:10.(4) According to the average level, when the urban construction land in the east and west increased by 1 km2, annual carbon emissions of urban construction land increased by 17.94 thousand tons and 25.75 thousand tons, respectively. While continuing to pay attention to the eastern regions with a large amount of carbon emissions, China should also pay attention to the exacerbating problem of high carbon emissions in the western regions. Methods such as promoting intensive use of urban construction land, optimizing industrial structure, and advocating a green and low-carbon lifestyle can be taken to help the western regions to embark on a new road of intensive and low-carbon urbanization.
The utilization and expansion of urban construction lands produce a large amount of carbon emissions. Revealing the differences of carbon emissions of urban construction lands on the east and west of the Hu Huanyong Line and finding the driving factors can provide important references for the coordinated development of East and West China, carbon emission reduction,and new urbanization. However, there is a lack of comparative research on the changes of urban construction land and carbon emissions in these two regions. With the help of night light remote sensing data and GIS technology, a new method of extracting urban construction land was proposed, and the urban construction lands east and west of the Hu Huanyong Line were extracted and analyzed. The carbon emissions from the urban construction lands were estimated and analyzed through applying the carbon emission estimation methods of relevant literature. Based on these results, the correlations between urban construction lands and carbon emissions were analyzed. Combining with socioeconomic data, the results were discussed in depth. This work indicates that:(1) The results of the boundary-threshold method were better than that of the empirical threshold method and the neighborhood analysis method.(2) The Hu Huanyong Line has the possibility to be broken. From 2000 to 2013, the ratio of the areas of urban construction lands between the east and the west lowered from 95:5 to 92:8.(3) The rapid development of the western regions is at the cost of high carbon emissions. The ratio of annual carbon emissions between the east and the west lowered from 93:7 to 90:10.(4) According to the average level, when the urban construction land in the east and west increased by 1 km2, annual carbon emissions of urban construction land increased by 17.94 thousand tons and 25.75 thousand tons, respectively. While continuing to pay attention to the eastern regions with a large amount of carbon emissions, China should also pay attention to the exacerbating problem of high carbon emissions in the western regions. Methods such as promoting intensive use of urban construction land, optimizing industrial structure, and advocating a green and low-carbon lifestyle can be taken to help the western regions to embark on a new road of intensive and low-carbon urbanization.
引文
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[5]李宇,王喆,王菲,等.城市碳排放的评估方法:影响要素和过程研究[J].自然资源学报,2013,28(9):1637-1648.[Li Y,Wang Z,Wang F,et al.A review of assessment methods,influencing factors and process on urban carbon emissions[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2013,28(9):1637-1648.]
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[13]李佳洺,陆大道,徐成东,等.胡焕庸线两侧人口的空间分异性及其变化[J].地理学报,2017,72(1):148-160.[Li J M,Lu D D,Xu C D,et al.Spatial heterogeneity and its changes of population on the two sides of Hu Line[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2017,72(1):148-160.]
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[19]Han J,Meng X,Zhou X,et al.A long-term analysis of urbanization process,landscape change,and carbon sources and sinks:Acase study in China’s Yangtze River Delta region[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2017,141:1040-1050.
[20]Tian L,Ge B Q,Li Y F.Impacts of state-led and bottom-up urbanization on land use change in the peri-urban areas of Shanghai:Planned growth or uncontrolled sprawl?[J].Cities,2017,60:476-486.
[21]Jiang G H,Ma W Q,Wang D Q,et al.Identifying the internal structure evolution of urban built-up land sprawl(UBLS)from a composite structure perspective:A case study of the Beijing metropolitan area,China[J].Land Use Policy,2017,62:258-267.
[22]Yildiz S,Doker M F.Monitoring urban growth by using segmentation-classification of multispectral Landsat images in Izmit,Turkey[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2016,doi:10.1007/s10661-016-5392-2.
[23]Tripathy B R,Tiwari V,Pandey V,et al.Estimation of urban population dynamics using DMSP-OLS night-time lights time series sensors data[J].IEEE Sensors Journal,2017,17(4):1013-1020.
[24]张梅.中国城镇建设用地扩张及其碳效应研究[D].南京:南京大学,2018.[Zhang M.Study on the Expansion of Urban Construction Land and Its Carbon Effects in China[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University,2018.]
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[26]舒松,余柏蒗,吴健平,等.基于夜间灯光数据的城市建成区提取方法评价与应用[J].遥感技术与应用,2011,26(2):169-176.[Shu S,Yu B L,Wu J P,et al.Methods for deriving urban built-up area using night-light data:Assessment and application[J].Remote Sensing Technology and Application,2011,26(2):169-176.]
[27]凌赛广,焦伟利,龙腾飞,等.2000-2014年武汉市城市扩展时空特征分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2016,25(7):1034-1042.[Ling S G,Jiao W L,Long T F,et al.Analysis of spatial and temporal characteristics of urban expansion about Wuhan City in the year of 2000-2014[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2016,25(7):1034-1042.]
[28]樊勇,朱曦,张圣笛,等.基于多源遥感数据的淮河流域城镇扩张研究[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(11):252-261.[Fan Y,Zhu X,Zhang S D,et al.Urban expansion of Huaihe River Basin based on multi-source remote sensing data[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(11):252-261.]
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