伊拉克H油田Mishrif组储集层含油性差异主控因素分析
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摘要
为揭示中东上白垩统碳酸盐岩储集层含油性规律并明确其控制因素,对伊拉克H油田白垩系Mishrif组进行综合分析。基于研究区取心井岩心观察描述、铸体薄片分析、物性及孔喉结构参数统计等,结合前期已取得的成果认识,指出Mishrif组取心段含油非均质性较强,可划分出富含—饱含油、油浸、油斑、油迹4种含油级别,宏观上含油级别具有明显的相控特征,不同含油级别中含油相对饱满的区域均呈现出岩溶发育强度较大,物性及孔喉结构较好的特征。研究认为,沉积微环境及早成岩期岩溶作用决定了伊拉克H油田Mishrif组储集层含油性宏观分布特征,而早成岩期岩溶作用导致的部分孔喉结构改善是储集层微观含油性出现差异的重要原因,并最终建立了储集层发育及含油性差异成因模式。
To reveal the law of oiliness of the Upper Cretaceous carbonate reservoirs in the Middle East and factors controlling the oiliness, the Mishrif Formation of the H oilfield in Iraq was examined comprehensively. Based on core observation and description,casting thin section analysis, and statistics of physical property and pore-throat structure parameter, etc., in combination with previous achievements and understanding, it is pointed out that the coring interval of Mishrif Formation has strong oiliness heterogeneity, and can be divided into 4 grades, oil rich, oil immersed, oil spot, and oil trace; the oil-bearing grade has obvious facies-controlled characteristic in macroscopic view; and in different oil-bearing grades, relatively oil-rich sections present higher karst development intensity, better physical properties and pore-throat structure characteristics. It is concluded through the study that the sedimentary microenvironment and eogenetic karstification determine the macroscopic oiliness of the reservoir in Mishrif Formation of H Oilfield, and the improvement of pore-throat structure caused by eogenetic karstification is the decisive factor of the micro oil-bearing difference of the reservoir. Finally,the genetic model of reservoir development and oil-bearing difference was established.
To reveal the law of oiliness of the Upper Cretaceous carbonate reservoirs in the Middle East and factors controlling the oiliness, the Mishrif Formation of the H oilfield in Iraq was examined comprehensively. Based on core observation and description,casting thin section analysis, and statistics of physical property and pore-throat structure parameter, etc., in combination with previous achievements and understanding, it is pointed out that the coring interval of Mishrif Formation has strong oiliness heterogeneity, and can be divided into 4 grades, oil rich, oil immersed, oil spot, and oil trace; the oil-bearing grade has obvious facies-controlled characteristic in macroscopic view; and in different oil-bearing grades, relatively oil-rich sections present higher karst development intensity, better physical properties and pore-throat structure characteristics. It is concluded through the study that the sedimentary microenvironment and eogenetic karstification determine the macroscopic oiliness of the reservoir in Mishrif Formation of H Oilfield, and the improvement of pore-throat structure caused by eogenetic karstification is the decisive factor of the micro oil-bearing difference of the reservoir. Finally,the genetic model of reservoir development and oil-bearing difference was established.
引文
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[17]邓虎成,周文,郭睿,等.伊拉克艾哈代布油田中-下白垩统碳酸盐岩储层孔隙结构及控制因素[J].岩石学报,2014,30(3):801-812.DENG Hucheng,ZHOU Wen,GUO Rui,et al.Pore structure characteristics and control factors of carbonate reservoirs:The middle-lower Cretaceous formation,AI Hardy cloth Oilfield,Iraq[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2014,30(3):801-812.
[18]韩海英,穆龙新,郭睿,等.伊拉克艾哈代布油田白垩系生物碎屑灰岩储集层特征及主控因素[J].海相油气地质,2014,19(2):54-63.HAN Haiying,MU Longxin,GUO Rui,et al.Characteristics and controlling factors of Cretaceous bioclastic limestone reservoirs in Ahdeb Oil Field,Iraq[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2014,19(2):54-63.
[19]伏美燕,赵丽敏,段天向,等.伊拉克HF油田Mishrif组厚壳蛤滩相储层沉积与早期成岩特征[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2016,40(5):1-9.FU Meiyan,ZHAO Limin,DUAN Tianxiang,et al.Reservoir and early diagenesis characteristics of rudist shoal of Mishrif Formation in HF Oilfield of Iraq[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum,2016,40(5):1-9.
[20]张义楷,康安,闵小刚,等.伊拉克米桑油田群Mishrif组MB12段碳酸盐岩储层特征及成因[J].石油实验地质,2016,38(3):360-365.ZHANG Yikai,KANG An,MIN Xiaogang,et al.Characteristics and genesis of carbonate reservoirs in the Mishrif MB21 member in the Missan oil fields,Iraq[J].Petroleum Geology and Experiment,2016,38(3):360-365.
[21]ZHONG Y,ZHOU L,TAN X C,et al.Characteristics of depositional environment and evolution of Upper Cretaceous Mishrif Formation,Halfaya Oil field,Iraq based on sedimentary microfacies analysis[J].Journal of African Earth Sciences,2018,140:151-168.
[22]ZHONG Y,TAN X C,ZHAO L,et al.Identification of facies-controlled eogenetic karstification in the Upper Cretaceous of the Halfaya oilfield and its impact on reservoir capacity[J].Geological Journal,2018,54(1):450-465.
[23]金值民,谭秀成,郭睿,等.伊拉克哈法亚油田白垩系Mishrif组碳酸盐岩孔隙结构及控制因素[J].沉积学报,2018,36(5):981-994.JIN Zhimin,TAN Xiucheng,GUO Rui,et al.Pore structure characteristics and control factors of carbonate reservoirs:The Cretaceous Mishrif Formation,Halfaya oilfield,Iraq[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2018,36(5):981-994.
[24]AMEEN M S.Effect of basement tectonics on hydrocarbon generation,migration,and accumulation in Northern Iraq[J].AAPGBulletin,1992,76(3):356-370.
[25]AZZAM I N,TAHER A K.Sequence stratigraphy and source rock potential of middle Cretaceous(Upper Wasia Group)in West Abu Dhabi[J].SPE25577,1993.
[26]BUDAY T.The regional geology of Iraq[M].Iraq:State Organisation for Minerals,1980.
[27]DUNNINGTON H V.Generation,migration,accumulation,and dissipation of oil in Northern Iraq[J].GeoArabia,2005,10(2):39-84.
[28]OWEN R M S,NASR S N.Stratigraphy of the Kuwait Basrah area[J].AAPG,1958:1252-1278.
[29]AQRAWI A A M.Paleozoic stratigraphy and petroleum systems of the western and southwestern deserts of Iraq[J].GeoArabia,1998,3(2):229-248.
[30]AL-JUBOURY A I A.The upper Miocene injana(Upper Fars)formation of Iraq:Insights on provenance history[J].Arabian Journal of Geosciences,2009,2(4):337-364.
[31]中华人民共和国能源部.中华人民共和国能源部石油行业标准:岩石含油级别的划分:SY/T 5364-89[S].北京:中华人民共和国能源部,1989:3.Ministry of Energy,the People’s Republic of China.Oil industry standard issued by the Ministry of Energy,the People’s Republic of China:Division of rock oil-bearing grade:SY/T 5364-89[S].Beijing:Ministry of Energy,the People’s Republic of China,1989:3.
[32]余义常,孙龙德,宋新民,等.厚壳蛤滩沉积成岩特征及对储集层的控制作用:以伊拉克H油田白垩系Mishrif组为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2018,45(6):1007-1019.YU Yichang,SUN Longde,SONG Xinmin,et al.Sedimentary diagenesis of rudist shoal and its control on reservoirs:A case study of Cretaceous Mishrif Formation,H Oilfield,Iraq[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2018,45(6):1007-1019.
[2]ALSHARHAN A S,NAIRN A E M.Sedimentary basins and petroleum geology of the Middle East[M].Amsterdam:Elsevier Science,1997.
[3]MOORE C H.Carbonate reservoirs:Porosity,evolution and diagenesis in a sequence stratigraphic framework[M].Amsterdam:Elsevier Science,2001.
[4]ROEHL P O,CHOQUETTE P W.Carbonate petroleum reservoirs[M].Berlin:Springer Verlag,1985.
[5]ALSHARHAN A S.Facies variation,diagenesis,and exploration potential of the Cretaceous rudist-bearing carbonates of the Arabian Gulf[J].AAPG Bulletin,1995,79(4):531-550.
[6]王君,郭睿,赵丽敏,等.颗粒滩储集层地质特征及主控因素:以伊拉克哈法亚油田白垩系Mishrif组为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2016,43(3):367-377.WANG Jun,GUO Rui,ZHAO Limin,et al.Geological features of grain bank reservoirs and the main controlling factors:A case study on Cretaceous Mishrif Formation,Halfaya Oilfield,Iraq[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2016,43(3):367-377.
[7]AQRAWI A A M,GOFF J C,HORBURY A D,et al.The petroleum geology of Iraq[M].Aberystwyth:Scientific Press,2010.
[8]高计县,田昌炳,张为民,等.波斯湾盆地中白垩统Mishrif组碳酸盐岩储层特征及其发育模式[J].地质科学,2013,48(1):304-316.GAO Jixian,TIAN Changbing,ZHANG Weimin,et al.Reservoir characteristics and development model of Middle Cretaceous Mishrif Formation,Persian Gulf Basin[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,2013,48(1):304-316.
[9]AL-SAKINI J.Summary of petroleum geology of Iraq and the middle east[R].Kirkuk:Northern Petroleum Company,1992:179.
[10]ALMUTURY W G,AL-ASADI M M.Tectonostratigraphic history of Mesopotamian passive margin during Mesozoic and Cenozoic,south Iraq[J].Journal of Kirkuk University:Scientific Studies,2008,3(1):31-50.
[11]AL-DABBAS M,AL-JASSIM J,AL-JUMAILY S.Depositional environments and porosity distribution in regressive limestone reservoirs of the Mishrif Formation,Southern Iraq[J].Arabian Journal of Geosciences,2010,3(1):67-78.
[12]王昱翔,周文,郭睿,等.伊拉克哈勒法耶油田中、上白垩统碳酸盐岩储层岩石类型及特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(5):764-772.WANG Yuxiang,ZHOU Wen,GUO Rui,et al.Rock types and characteristics of the Middle-Upper Cretaceous carbonate reservoirs in Halfaya oilfield,Iraq[J].Oil and Gas Geology,2016,37(5):764-772.
[13]王昱翔,周文,郭睿,等.伊拉克哈勒法耶油田Mishrif组滩相储层特征及其成因分析[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2017,47(4):1007-1020.WANG Yuxiang,ZHOU Wen,GUO Rui,et al.Shoal facies reservoir characteristics and genesis of Mishrif Formation in Halfaya Oilfield,Iraq[J].Journal of Jilin University,2017,47(4):1007-1020.
[14]周文,郭睿,伏美燕,等.伊拉克艾哈代布油田白垩系生物铸模孔及体腔孔发育的灰岩储层特征及成因分析[J].岩石学报,2014,30(3):813-821.ZHOU Wen,GUO Rui,FU Meiyan,et al.Characteristics and origin of Cretaceous limestone reservoir with bio-moldic pore and intrafossil pore,in Ahdeb oilfield,Iraq[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2014,30(3):813-821.
[15]田泽普,刘波,高计县.伊拉克鲁迈拉油田白垩系Mishrif组碳酸盐岩生物碎屑和成岩作用特点[J].地层学杂志,2016,40(1):41-50.TIAN Zepu,LIU Bo,GAO Jixian.Diagenesis of bioclastic carbonates of the Cretaceous Mishrif Formation in the Rumaila oil field,Iraq[J].Journal of Stratigraphy,2016,40(1):41-50.
[16]高计县,田昌炳,张为民,等.伊拉克鲁迈拉油田Mishrif组碳酸盐岩储层特征及成因[J].石油学报,2013,34(5):843-852.GAO Jixian,TIAN Changbing,ZHANG Weimin,et al.Characteristics and genesis of carbonate reservoir of the Mishrif Formation in the Rumaila oil field,Iraq[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2013,34(5):843-852.
[17]邓虎成,周文,郭睿,等.伊拉克艾哈代布油田中-下白垩统碳酸盐岩储层孔隙结构及控制因素[J].岩石学报,2014,30(3):801-812.DENG Hucheng,ZHOU Wen,GUO Rui,et al.Pore structure characteristics and control factors of carbonate reservoirs:The middle-lower Cretaceous formation,AI Hardy cloth Oilfield,Iraq[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2014,30(3):801-812.
[18]韩海英,穆龙新,郭睿,等.伊拉克艾哈代布油田白垩系生物碎屑灰岩储集层特征及主控因素[J].海相油气地质,2014,19(2):54-63.HAN Haiying,MU Longxin,GUO Rui,et al.Characteristics and controlling factors of Cretaceous bioclastic limestone reservoirs in Ahdeb Oil Field,Iraq[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2014,19(2):54-63.
[19]伏美燕,赵丽敏,段天向,等.伊拉克HF油田Mishrif组厚壳蛤滩相储层沉积与早期成岩特征[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2016,40(5):1-9.FU Meiyan,ZHAO Limin,DUAN Tianxiang,et al.Reservoir and early diagenesis characteristics of rudist shoal of Mishrif Formation in HF Oilfield of Iraq[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum,2016,40(5):1-9.
[20]张义楷,康安,闵小刚,等.伊拉克米桑油田群Mishrif组MB12段碳酸盐岩储层特征及成因[J].石油实验地质,2016,38(3):360-365.ZHANG Yikai,KANG An,MIN Xiaogang,et al.Characteristics and genesis of carbonate reservoirs in the Mishrif MB21 member in the Missan oil fields,Iraq[J].Petroleum Geology and Experiment,2016,38(3):360-365.
[21]ZHONG Y,ZHOU L,TAN X C,et al.Characteristics of depositional environment and evolution of Upper Cretaceous Mishrif Formation,Halfaya Oil field,Iraq based on sedimentary microfacies analysis[J].Journal of African Earth Sciences,2018,140:151-168.
[22]ZHONG Y,TAN X C,ZHAO L,et al.Identification of facies-controlled eogenetic karstification in the Upper Cretaceous of the Halfaya oilfield and its impact on reservoir capacity[J].Geological Journal,2018,54(1):450-465.
[23]金值民,谭秀成,郭睿,等.伊拉克哈法亚油田白垩系Mishrif组碳酸盐岩孔隙结构及控制因素[J].沉积学报,2018,36(5):981-994.JIN Zhimin,TAN Xiucheng,GUO Rui,et al.Pore structure characteristics and control factors of carbonate reservoirs:The Cretaceous Mishrif Formation,Halfaya oilfield,Iraq[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2018,36(5):981-994.
[24]AMEEN M S.Effect of basement tectonics on hydrocarbon generation,migration,and accumulation in Northern Iraq[J].AAPGBulletin,1992,76(3):356-370.
[25]AZZAM I N,TAHER A K.Sequence stratigraphy and source rock potential of middle Cretaceous(Upper Wasia Group)in West Abu Dhabi[J].SPE25577,1993.
[26]BUDAY T.The regional geology of Iraq[M].Iraq:State Organisation for Minerals,1980.
[27]DUNNINGTON H V.Generation,migration,accumulation,and dissipation of oil in Northern Iraq[J].GeoArabia,2005,10(2):39-84.
[28]OWEN R M S,NASR S N.Stratigraphy of the Kuwait Basrah area[J].AAPG,1958:1252-1278.
[29]AQRAWI A A M.Paleozoic stratigraphy and petroleum systems of the western and southwestern deserts of Iraq[J].GeoArabia,1998,3(2):229-248.
[30]AL-JUBOURY A I A.The upper Miocene injana(Upper Fars)formation of Iraq:Insights on provenance history[J].Arabian Journal of Geosciences,2009,2(4):337-364.
[31]中华人民共和国能源部.中华人民共和国能源部石油行业标准:岩石含油级别的划分:SY/T 5364-89[S].北京:中华人民共和国能源部,1989:3.Ministry of Energy,the People’s Republic of China.Oil industry standard issued by the Ministry of Energy,the People’s Republic of China:Division of rock oil-bearing grade:SY/T 5364-89[S].Beijing:Ministry of Energy,the People’s Republic of China,1989:3.
[32]余义常,孙龙德,宋新民,等.厚壳蛤滩沉积成岩特征及对储集层的控制作用:以伊拉克H油田白垩系Mishrif组为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2018,45(6):1007-1019.YU Yichang,SUN Longde,SONG Xinmin,et al.Sedimentary diagenesis of rudist shoal and its control on reservoirs:A case study of Cretaceous Mishrif Formation,H Oilfield,Iraq[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2018,45(6):1007-1019.