橡胶手错觉:拥有感研究的实验范式及其应用
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摘要
橡胶手错觉是一种健康个体将非肉体的假手视为自己真实身体的一部分的体验,这种错觉可以通过同时轻刷被试面前可见的橡胶手及其不可见的真手而产生。橡胶手错觉已成为一种研究身体拥有感的重要范式,其产生机制可以分为"自下而上的认知匹配"与"自上而下的认知匹配"两种加工方式。前者涉及视觉与触觉刺激的同步性;而后者涉及被试心中预存的身体意象与身体图式(包括真假手之间模态特征、位置空间的相似性)。综合上述证据,身体模型假说与个人边缘空间理论进一步为拥有感产生的复杂机制提供了整合两种加工方式的解释。橡胶手错觉范式已经被用于探索精神分裂症患者等特殊被试病理分析、错觉产生和心理特质之间的关系,以及神经外科和术后恢复上。未来的研究应该更加重视范式本身的拓展,应用虚拟现实技术来提高身体模态的仿真效果,利用橡胶手拥有感的易感性作为筛选与预测身体意象障碍疾病的指标。
The rubber hand illusion is a perceptual illusion in which participants experience a fake model hand as part of their own body. Such an illusion could be induced by applying synchronous touches to a visible rubber hand and the hidden real hand. Rubber hand illusion has become an important paradigm of bodily sense of ownership, whose mechanism can be further divided into "bottom-up matching" and "top-down matching". The former refers to the synchronicity of visual and tactile stimulations, while the latter refers to the participants' pre-existed body image and body schema(including the modality of real and fake hand, similarity of spatial position). Based on above, body model theory and peri-personal space(PPS) have been proposed to explain the integration of two matching mechanisms of the arouse of body ownership. Rubber hand illusion is used to the exploration of the pathological analysis of schizophrenia, the relationship between illusion and psychological traits, the application in neurosurgery and postoperative recovery. Future studies should pay more attention to the development of paradigm itself, the enhancement of simulated effect by using virtual reality technology, as well as using the sensibility of sense of ownership to filter and predict body image related diseases.
The rubber hand illusion is a perceptual illusion in which participants experience a fake model hand as part of their own body. Such an illusion could be induced by applying synchronous touches to a visible rubber hand and the hidden real hand. Rubber hand illusion has become an important paradigm of bodily sense of ownership, whose mechanism can be further divided into "bottom-up matching" and "top-down matching". The former refers to the synchronicity of visual and tactile stimulations, while the latter refers to the participants' pre-existed body image and body schema(including the modality of real and fake hand, similarity of spatial position). Based on above, body model theory and peri-personal space(PPS) have been proposed to explain the integration of two matching mechanisms of the arouse of body ownership. Rubber hand illusion is used to the exploration of the pathological analysis of schizophrenia, the relationship between illusion and psychological traits, the application in neurosurgery and postoperative recovery. Future studies should pay more attention to the development of paradigm itself, the enhancement of simulated effect by using virtual reality technology, as well as using the sensibility of sense of ownership to filter and predict body image related diseases.
引文
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