新疆野苹果枯枝症状级别与水杨酸含量、胸径关系研究
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摘要
[目的]分析同一采样地、同一生境新疆野苹果枯枝症状级别与水杨酸含量、胸径的关系,寻找与枯死症状可能相关的特征。[方法]通过超声提取、HPLC检测分析不同枯枝症状级别样品中水杨酸组成和含量差异,并对枯枝症状级别与水杨酸含量、胸径关系进行统计分析。[结果]不同枯枝症状级别的新疆野苹果枝叶中水杨酸含量在39.5～122.6 mg·kg~(-1)之间,含量差异显著(P<0.05)。枯枝症状从0级到Ⅴ级,水杨酸含量存在先降低后升高的趋势。不同枯枝症状级别新疆野苹果胸径大小变异系数差异明显,Ⅴ级样品个体间胸径变异系数相对较大(39.18%);Ⅰ级样品变异系数相对较小(30.28%)。新疆野苹果水杨酸含量和胸径大小呈负相关(P>0.05),其中,0级、Ⅴ级样品水杨酸含量和胸径大小呈正相关,Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级、Ⅳ级样品水杨酸含量和胸径大小呈负相关(P>0.05)。[结论]新疆野苹果枯枝症状级别与水杨酸含量、胸径大小关系较为密切,研究结果对于天山野果林的生态保育与修复、苹果优质新品种的筛选与培育等具有一定的参考价值。
[Objective] To analyze the relationships among deadwood symptom grades, the salicylic acid content and the DBH of Malus sieversii trees collected in same sampling site and habitat conditions was analyzed in order to find the features of M. sieversii that might be related to the symptoms of exsiccation. [Method] The difference in salicylic acid composition and content in different symptom grades of M. sieversii was investigated by ultrasonic extraction and HPLC methods. Statistical analysis was conducted to find the relationships among deadwood symptom grades, the salicylic acid content and DBH of M. Sieversii. [Result] The content of salicylic acid in M. sieversii branches and leaves with different deadwood symptom grades was in the range of 39.5～122.6 mg·kg~(-1), showing significant difference(P<0.05). Along with deadwood symptoms from grade 0 to grade Ⅴ, the salicylic acid content fell down at first and then up. The variation coefficient of DBH size of M. sieversii was significantly different. The variation coefficient of DBH among grade Ⅴ samples was relatively high(39.18%), and the coefficient of grade I samples was comparatively low(30.28%). There was a negative correlation between salicylic acid content and DBH of M. sieversii(P>0.05). There was a positive correlation between salicylic acid content and DBH of grade 0 and grade Ⅴ samples, and there was a negative correlation between salicylic acid content and DBH of samples of grades Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ(P>0.05). [Conclusion] There is a comparatively close relationship among deadwood symptom grades, the salicylic acid content and the DBH of M. sieversii. The results achieved in the study will provide some reference clues for ecological conservation and restoration of wild fruit forest in Tianshan Mountains and the screening and cultivation of high-quality varieties of cultivated apple.
[Objective] To analyze the relationships among deadwood symptom grades, the salicylic acid content and the DBH of Malus sieversii trees collected in same sampling site and habitat conditions was analyzed in order to find the features of M. sieversii that might be related to the symptoms of exsiccation. [Method] The difference in salicylic acid composition and content in different symptom grades of M. sieversii was investigated by ultrasonic extraction and HPLC methods. Statistical analysis was conducted to find the relationships among deadwood symptom grades, the salicylic acid content and DBH of M. Sieversii. [Result] The content of salicylic acid in M. sieversii branches and leaves with different deadwood symptom grades was in the range of 39.5～122.6 mg·kg~(-1), showing significant difference(P<0.05). Along with deadwood symptoms from grade 0 to grade Ⅴ, the salicylic acid content fell down at first and then up. The variation coefficient of DBH size of M. sieversii was significantly different. The variation coefficient of DBH among grade Ⅴ samples was relatively high(39.18%), and the coefficient of grade I samples was comparatively low(30.28%). There was a negative correlation between salicylic acid content and DBH of M. sieversii(P>0.05). There was a positive correlation between salicylic acid content and DBH of grade 0 and grade Ⅴ samples, and there was a negative correlation between salicylic acid content and DBH of samples of grades Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ(P>0.05). [Conclusion] There is a comparatively close relationship among deadwood symptom grades, the salicylic acid content and the DBH of M. sieversii. The results achieved in the study will provide some reference clues for ecological conservation and restoration of wild fruit forest in Tianshan Mountains and the screening and cultivation of high-quality varieties of cultivated apple.
引文
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[16] 王军,陈绍红,黄永芳,等.水杨酸诱导油茶抗炭疽病的研究[J].林业科学研究,2006,19(5):629-632.
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[18] 叶松涛,杜旭华,宋帅杰,等.水杨酸对干旱胁迫下毛竹实生苗生理生化特性的影响[J].林业科学,2015,11:25-31.
[19] 陈颖,徐彩平,汪南阳,等.盐胁迫下水杨酸对南林895杨组培苗抗氧化系统的影响[J].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2012,6:17-22.
[20] Delaney T P,Uknes S,Vernooij B,et al.A central role of salicylic acid in plant disease resistance[J].Science,1994,266(5188):1247-1250.
[21] Klessig D F,Durner J,Noad R,et al.Nitric oxide and salicylic acid signaling in plant defense[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2000,97(16):8849-8855.
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[23] 商鸿生.植物免疫学,2版[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2010.
[24] 马健,刘振宇,吕全,等.SA及H2O2在杨树与溃疡病菌互作中的表达差异[J].林业科学,2013,49(1):107-113.
[25] 田国忠,李志清,胡佳续,等.我国部分枣树品种(系)的枣疯病抗性鉴定[J].林业科技开发,2013,27(3):19-25.
[26] 刘孟军,赵锦,周俊义.枣疯病[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2009.
[27] Zhang C,Chen X,He T,et al.Genetic structure of Malus sieversii population from Xinjiang,China,revealed by SSR markers[J].Journal of Genetics and Genomics,2007,34(10):947-955.
[28] 张春雨,陈学森,林群,等.新疆野苹果群体遗传结构与遗传多样性的SRAP分析[J].园艺学报,2009,36(1):7-14.
[29] 董研,张军,任亚超,等.中国新疆野苹果天然群体遗传多样性SSR分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2013,14(5):771-777.
[30] Saha D,Rana R S,Arya L,et al.Genetic polymorphisms among and between blast disease resistant and susceptible finger millet,Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn[J].Plant Genetic Resources,2016,https://doi.org/10.1017/S1479262116 000010.
[31] Klabunde G H F,Junkes C F O,Tenfen S Z A,et al.Genetic diversity and apple leaf spot disease resistance characterization assessed by SSR markers[J].Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology,2016,16(3):http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1984-70332016v16n3a29.
[2] 梅闯,闫鹏,韩立群,等.新疆野苹果不同类型单株对苹果小吉丁虫抗性差异[J].新疆农业科学,2015,52(10):1859-1865.
[3] 刘君,刁永强,陈淑英,等.伊犁河谷不同苹果品种苗木冻害调查及分析[J].北方园艺,2013,(23):34-37.
[4] 刘爱华,张新平,温俊宝,等.天山野苹果林苹果小吉丁与苹果腐烂病复合危害研究[J].新疆农业科学,2014,51(12):2240-2244.
[5] 阿格里斯.植物病理学,第5版[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2009.
[6] An C F,Mou Z L.Salicylic acid and its function in plant immunity[J].Journal of Integrative Plant Biology,2011,6:412-428.
[7] Jini D,Joseph B.Physiological mechanism of salicylic acid for alleviation of salt stress in rice[J].Rice Science,2017,24(2):97-108.
[8] Pasqualini S,Torre G D,Ferranti F,et al.Salicylic acid modulates ozone-induced hypersensitive cell death in tobacco plants[J].Physiologia Plantarum,2002,115(2):204-212.
[9] 刘斐,谭贻,王忆,等.苹果腐烂病菌侵染过程中枝条相关病程物质含量的变化[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(34):177-186.
[10] Yin L H,Zou Y J,Ke X W,et al.Phenolic responses of resistant and susceptible Malus plants induced by Diplocarpon mali[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2013,164:17-23.
[11] Yin L H,Zou Y J,Li M J,et al.Resistance of Malus plants to Diplocarpon mali infection is associated with the antioxidant system and defense signaling pathways[J].Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology,2013,84:146-152.
[12] 于少帅.植原体tuf基因启动子分子特征和枣树抗植原体物质研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2016.
[13] 张睿彬,胡晓,刘彤,等.性别、胸径和叶龄对东北红豆杉针叶内防御蛋白活力的影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2015,29(8):48-52.
[14] 汪尚,徐鹭芹,张亚仙,等.水杨酸介导植物抗病的研究进展[J].植物生理学报,2016,52(5):581-590.
[15] 冉隆贤,谷文众,吴光金.水杨酸诱导桉树抗青枯病的作用及相关酶活性变化[J].林业科学研究,2004,17(1):12-18.
[16] 王军,陈绍红,黄永芳,等.水杨酸诱导油茶抗炭疽病的研究[J].林业科学研究,2006,19(5):629-632.
[17] 黎淑芬,吴小芹.水杨酸对黑松苗抗松材线虫病的诱导作用[J].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2005,29(6):49-53.
[18] 叶松涛,杜旭华,宋帅杰,等.水杨酸对干旱胁迫下毛竹实生苗生理生化特性的影响[J].林业科学,2015,11:25-31.
[19] 陈颖,徐彩平,汪南阳,等.盐胁迫下水杨酸对南林895杨组培苗抗氧化系统的影响[J].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2012,6:17-22.
[20] Delaney T P,Uknes S,Vernooij B,et al.A central role of salicylic acid in plant disease resistance[J].Science,1994,266(5188):1247-1250.
[21] Klessig D F,Durner J,Noad R,et al.Nitric oxide and salicylic acid signaling in plant defense[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2000,97(16):8849-8855.
[22] 王三根,宗学凤.植物抗性生物学[M].重庆:西南师范大学出版社,2015.
[23] 商鸿生.植物免疫学,2版[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2010.
[24] 马健,刘振宇,吕全,等.SA及H2O2在杨树与溃疡病菌互作中的表达差异[J].林业科学,2013,49(1):107-113.
[25] 田国忠,李志清,胡佳续,等.我国部分枣树品种(系)的枣疯病抗性鉴定[J].林业科技开发,2013,27(3):19-25.
[26] 刘孟军,赵锦,周俊义.枣疯病[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2009.
[27] Zhang C,Chen X,He T,et al.Genetic structure of Malus sieversii population from Xinjiang,China,revealed by SSR markers[J].Journal of Genetics and Genomics,2007,34(10):947-955.
[28] 张春雨,陈学森,林群,等.新疆野苹果群体遗传结构与遗传多样性的SRAP分析[J].园艺学报,2009,36(1):7-14.
[29] 董研,张军,任亚超,等.中国新疆野苹果天然群体遗传多样性SSR分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2013,14(5):771-777.
[30] Saha D,Rana R S,Arya L,et al.Genetic polymorphisms among and between blast disease resistant and susceptible finger millet,Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn[J].Plant Genetic Resources,2016,https://doi.org/10.1017/S1479262116 000010.
[31] Klabunde G H F,Junkes C F O,Tenfen S Z A,et al.Genetic diversity and apple leaf spot disease resistance characterization assessed by SSR markers[J].Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology,2016,16(3):http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1984-70332016v16n3a29.