土壤动物对土壤碳循环的影响研究进展
|
摘要
土壤动物作为土壤生态系统的重要组成部分,是调控土壤碳循环的重要环节。然而,目前土壤动物对土壤碳循环的影响尚不明晰,且缺乏系统总结。基于此,本文结合近年国内外土壤动物相关研究,总结了土壤动物对枯落物分解过程、土壤碳碳库稳定性、植物和微生物调节、土壤呼吸的影响。提出未来研究从区域上应更加关注低纬度地区,研究手段上应强化野外实验与室内模拟实验的结合,研究内容上应加强相关机理研究、深化土壤动物呼吸及其对碳的净固存方面,研究方向上应结合全球热点问题,以期深入了解土壤动物对土壤碳循环的影响。
As an important component of belowground ecosystem,soil fauna plays a vital role in regulating soil carbon cycling. However,previous studies provided limited scope for the effects of soil fauna on soil carbon cycling. Based on the analysis of recent literatures,we presented an integrated overview to summarize the effects of soil fauna on litter decomposition,soil carbon stock,the regulation of plants and microorganisms,and soil respiration. To better understand the impacts of soil fauna on soil carbon cycling,future research should be strengthened in the following aspects: more attention to the lower-latitude areas; the combination of field experiment and lab simulation test should be strengthened as for the research methods; the mechanism such as soil fauna respiration and the effects of fauna on net carbon sequestration should be deepened regarding the research contents; and global hot issues should be combined regarding the research fields.
As an important component of belowground ecosystem,soil fauna plays a vital role in regulating soil carbon cycling. However,previous studies provided limited scope for the effects of soil fauna on soil carbon cycling. Based on the analysis of recent literatures,we presented an integrated overview to summarize the effects of soil fauna on litter decomposition,soil carbon stock,the regulation of plants and microorganisms,and soil respiration. To better understand the impacts of soil fauna on soil carbon cycling,future research should be strengthened in the following aspects: more attention to the lower-latitude areas; the combination of field experiment and lab simulation test should be strengthened as for the research methods; the mechanism such as soil fauna respiration and the effects of fauna on net carbon sequestration should be deepened regarding the research contents; and global hot issues should be combined regarding the research fields.
引文
白军红,邓伟,王庆改,等.2007.内陆盐沼湿地土壤碳氮磷剖面分布的季节动态特征.湖泊科学,19(5):599-603.
陈骥,曹军骥,张思毅,等.2013.蚂蚁扰动对青海湖北岸高寒草甸草原群落结构影响.地球环境学报,4(5):1461-1469.
陈建秀,麻智春,严海娟,等.2007.跳虫在土壤生态系统中的作用.生物多样性,15(2):154-161.
陈婷,郗敏,孔范龙,等.2016.枯落物分解及其影响因素.生态学杂志,35(7):1927-1935.
陈应武,李新荣,苏延桂,等.2007.腾格里沙漠人工植被区掘穴蚁(Formica cunicularia)的生态功能.生态学报,27(4):1508-1514.
陈元瑶,魏琮,贺虹,等.2012.秦岭地区2种蚂蚁巢内土壤理化性质和微生物量的相关性研究.西北林学院学报,27(2):121-126.
傅声雷.2007.土壤生物多样性的研究概况与发展趋势.生物多样性,15(2):109-115.
杭琼.2014.蚯蚓粪改良果园底土效果的初步研究(硕士学位论文).扬州:扬州大学.
姜艳.2010.毛竹林土攘呼吸及其三个生物学过程的时空格局变化研究(博士学位论文).北京:中国林业科学研究院.
姜炳棋,马旖旎,单军,等.2011.威廉腔环蚓(Metaphire guillelmi)对14C-土壤有机质转化的研究.生态环境学报,20(z1):1011-1017.
井大炜,王明友,张红,等.2015.樱桃栽培中施用蚯蚓粪对土壤有机碳氧化稳定性及碳库管理指数的影响.水土保持通报,35(3):73-77.
李晓强.2014.长白山岳桦林凋落物分解与土壤动物的相互作用(博士学位论文).吉林:东北师范大学.
刘任涛,赵哈林,赵学勇.2011.沙地生态系统中蚂蚁活动与地表植被及土壤环境间的互作关系.干旱区资源与环境,25(12):166-170.
刘瑞龙,李维民,杨万勤,等.2013.土壤动物对川西高山/亚高山森林凋落物分解的贡献.应用生态学报,24(12):3354-3360.
卢明珠,吕宪国,管强,等.2015.蚯蚓对土壤温室气体排放的影响及机制研究进展.土壤学报,52(6):1209-1225.
罗天相,胡锋,刘莎,等.2008.施用秸秆和接种蚯蚓对土壤温室气体排放的影响.土壤,40(4):653-657.
潘婷,曾六福,曾从盛,等.2015.互花米草入侵对闽江河口裸滩湿地土壤有机碳的影响.中国水土保持科学,13(1):84-90.
庞蕊,刘敏,李美玲,等.2017.土壤碳排放组分区分的研究进展.生态学杂志,36(8):2327-2335.
彭艳,杨万勤,薛樵,等.2016.季节性冻融期间土壤动物对高山草甸两种凋落叶失重的贡献.生态学报,36(19):6149-6158.
单颖,赵凤亮,林艳,等.2017.蚯蚓粪对土壤环境质量和作物生长影响的研究现状与展望.热带农业科学,37(6):11-17.
孙艳梅,陈殿元,元明浩,等.1998.稻苗绿圆跳虫的发生危害与药剂防治.植物保护,24(6):24-25.
唐健,宋贤冲,李海星,等.2011.接种蚯蚓对桉树根系生长的影响.广西林业科学,40(4):270-273.
王凤葵,巨江里.1997.大蒜绿圆跳虫的发生规律与防治.植物保护,23(1):15-16.
王文君,杨万勤,谭波,等.2013.四川盆地亚热带常绿阔叶林土壤动物对几种典型凋落物分解的影响.生态环境学报,22(9):1488-1495.
王利峰,和润莲,杨林,等.2016.川西高山林线交错带土壤动物对岷江冷杉和高山杜鹃凋落物分解的贡献.应用生态学报,27(11):3689-3697.
王振海,殷秀琴,张成蒙.2016.土壤动物在长白山臭冷杉凋落物分解中的作用.林业科学,52(7):59-67.
王琪飞,顾佳茹,徐德福,等.2016.动物扰动对湿地植物根区有机碳和氮形态的影响.生态与农村环境学报,32(5):813-817.
王明友,井大炜,张红,等.2016.蚯蚓粪对豇豆土壤活性有机碳及微生物活性的影响.核农学报,30(7):1404-1410.
王明友,张红,李士平,等.2015.蚯蚓粪与化肥配施对西瓜地土壤活性有机碳及酶活性的影响.水土保持通报,35(4):101-106.
王可洪,武海涛,吴东辉.2013.土壤动物对土壤呼吸的影响研究进展.土壤通报,44(6):1526-1530.
王邵军.2009.武夷山不同海拔土壤动物对凋落物分解的影响(博士学位论文).南京:南京林业大学.
武海涛,吕宪国,杨青,等.2006.土壤动物主要生态特征与生态功能研究进展.土壤学报,43(2):314-323.
武海涛,于少鹏,吕宪国,等.2008.三江平原乌拉苔草-毛苔草湿地土壤动物多样性及其枯落物分解功能.湿地科学,6(2):285-292.
吴珏,朱峰,李建勇.2017.蚯蚓粪肥对黄瓜生长、产量和品质的影响.长江蔬菜,(16):60-63.
吴纪华,宋慈玉,陈家宽.2007.食微线虫对植物生长及土壤养分循环的影响.生物多样性,15(2):124-133.
夏磊,吴福忠,杨万勤.2011.季节性冻融期间土壤动物对岷江冷杉凋落叶质量损失的贡献.植物生态学报,35(11):1127-1135.
夏磊,吴福忠,杨万勤,等.2012.川西亚高山森林凋落物分解初期土壤动物对红桦凋落叶质量损失的贡献.应用生态学报,23(2):301-306.
徐国良,王敏,张卫信,等.2015.土壤跳虫在碳循环中的作用---13C示踪研究.生态环境学报,24(7):1103-1107.
杨效东,邹晓明.2006.西双版纳热带季节雨林凋落叶分解与土壤动物群落:两种网孔分解袋的分解实验比较.植物生态学报,30(5):791-801.
尹文英.2001.土壤动物学研究的回顾与展望.生物学通报,36(8):1-3.
袁新田,朱玲,焦加国,等.2010.施用玉米秸秆和接种蚯蚓后几种土壤活性有机碳的动态变化.生态学报,30(19):5264-5271.
袁新田,焦加国,朱玲,等.2011.不同秸秆施用方式下接种蚯蚓对土壤团聚体及其中碳分布的影响.土壤,43(6):968-974.
鱼小军,蒲小鹏,黄世杰,等.2010.蚂蚁对东祁连山高寒草地生态系统的影响.草业学报,19(2):140-145.
张静.2007.下蜀次生栎林和火炬松林土壤动物对凋落物的分解效应(硕士学位论文).南京:南京林业大学.
张树杰,张春雷.2011.接种蚯蚓对油菜籽粒产量和含油率的影响.应用生态学报,22(6):1499-1503.
张瑞清,孙振钧,王冲,等.2007.西双版纳热带雨林凋落叶分解过程.Ⅱ.微生物与线虫的群落动态.生态学报,27(2):640-649.
郑世英,郑建峰,王宝泉,等.2017.蚯蚓粪对草莓土壤肥力及产量和品质的影响.北方园艺,(10):16-20.
訾园园,郗敏,孔范龙,等.2016.胶州湾滨海湿地土壤有机碳时空分布及储量.应用生态学报,27(7):2075-2083.
朱永恒,赵春雨,王宗英,等.2005.我国土壤动物群落生态学研究综述.生态学杂志,24(12):1477-1481.
Aira M,Mcnamara NP,Piearce TG,et al.2009.Microbial communities of Lumbricus terrestris L.middens:Structure,activity,and changes through time in relation to earthworm presence.Journal of Soils and Sediments,9:54-61.
Alegre JC,Pashanasi B,Lavelle P.1996.Dynamics of soil physical properties in Amazonian agroecosystems inoculated with earthworms.Soil Science Society of America Journal,60:1522-1529.
Bazzaz FA.1990.The response of natural ecosystems to the rising global CO2levels.Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,21:167-196.
Bolin B,Degens NT,Duvigneaud P,et al.1979.The global biogeochemical carbon cycle.The Global Carbon Cycle,13:1-56.
Bonkowski M,Brandt F.2002.Do soil protozoa enhance plant growth by hormonal effects?Soil Biology&Biochemistry,34:1709-1715.
Borken W,Gründel S,Beese F.2000.Potential contribution of Lumbricus terrestris L.to carbon dioxide,methane and nitrous oxide fluxes from a forest soil.Biology and Fertility of Soils,32:142-148.
Cragg RG,Bardgett RD.2001.How changes in soil faunal diversity and composition within a trophic group influence decomposition processes.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,33:2073-2081.
Endlweber K,Scheu S.2007.Interactions between mycorrhizal fungi and Collembola:Effects on root structure of competing plant species.Biology and Fertility of Soils,43:741-749.
Francisco SS,Houdusse F,Zamarreo AM,et al.2005.Effects of IAA and IAA precursors on the development,mineral nutrition,IAA content and free polyamine content of pepper plants cultivated in hydroponic conditions.Scientia Horticulturae,106:38-52.
Fu S,Ferris H,Brown D,et al.2005.Does the positive feedback effect of nematodes on the biomass and activity of their bacteria prey vary with nematode species and population size?Soil Biology&Biochemistry,37:1979-1987.
Gonzalez G,Seastedt TR.2001.Soil fauna and plant litter decomposition in tropical and subalpine forests.Ecology,82:955-964.
Hallaire V,Curmi P,Duboisset A,et al.2000.Soil structure changes induced by the tropical earthworm Pontoscolex corethrurus and organic inputs in a Peruvian ultisol.European Journal of Soil Biology,36:35-44.
Heneghan L,Coleman DC,Zou X,et al.1998.Soil microarthropod community structure and litter decomposition dynamics:A study of tropical and temperate sites.Applied Soil Ecology,9:33-38.
Hildebrand M,Tebbe CC,Geider K.2001.Survival studies with the fire blight pathogen Erwinia amylovora in soil and in a soil-inhabiting insect.Journal of Phytopathology,149:635-639.
Hogberg P,Nordgren A,Buchmann N,et al.2001.Large-scale forest girdling shows that current photosynthesis drives soil respiration.Nature,411:789-792.
Jenkinson DS,Adams DE,Wild A.1991.Model estimates of CO2emissions from soil in response to global warming.Nature,351:304-306.
Jilkova V,Picek T,Frouz J.2014.Seasonal changes in methane and carbon dioxide flux in wood ant(Formica aquilonia)nests and the surrounding forest soil.Pedobiologia,58:7-12.
Karsten GR,Drake HL.1997.Denitrifying bacteria in the earthworm gastrointestinal tract and in vivo emission of nitrous oxide(N(1nf2)O)by earthworms.Applied and Environmental Microbiology,63:1878-1882.
Kubiena WL.1953.The Soils of Europe.London:Thomas Murby.
Lim SL,Wu TY,Lim PN,et al.2015.The use of vermicompost in organic farming:Overview,effects on soil and economics.Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,95:1143-1156.
Liu ZG,Zou XM.2002.Exotic earthworms accelerate plant litter decomposition in a Puerto Rican pasture and a wet forest.Ecological Applications,12:1406-1417.
Luo TX,Li HX,Wang T,et al.2008.Influence of nematodes and earthworms on the emissions of soil trace gases(CO2,N2O).Acta Ecologica Sinica,28:993-999.
MaaS,Caruso T,Rillig MC.2015.Functional role of microarthropods in soil aggregation.Pedobiologia,58:59-63.
Ohashi M,Finer L,Domisch T,et al.2005.CO2efflux from a red wood ant mound in a boreal forest.Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,130:131-136.
Petersen H,Luxton M.1982.A comparative analysis of soil fauna populations and their role in decomposition processes.Oikos,39:287-388.
Post WM,Emanuel WR,Zinke PJ,et al.1982.Soil carbon pools and world life zones.Nature,298:156-159.
Raich,JW,Potter CS.1995.Global patterns of carbon dioxide emissions from soils.Global Biogeochemical Cycles,9:23-36.
Rizhiya E,Bertora C,Vliet PCJV,et al.2007.Earthworm activity as a determinant for N2O emission from crop residue.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,39:2058-2069.
Sarr M,Agbogba C,Russell-Smith A,et al.2001.Effects of soil faunal activity and woody shrubs on water infiltration rates in a semi-arid fallow of Senegal.Applied Soil Ecology,16:283-290.
Seastedt TR.1984.The role of microarthropods in decomposition and mineralization processes.Annual Review of Entomology,29:25-46.
Sharma S,Pradhan K,Satya S,et al.2005.Potentiality of earthworms for waste management and in other uses:A review.Journal of American Science,1:4-16.
Shuster WD,Subler S,Mccoy EL.2001.Deep-burrowing earthworm additions changed the distribution of soil organic carbon in a chisel-tilled soil.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,33:983-996.
Speratti AB,Whalen JK.2008.Carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide fluxes from soil as influenced by anecic and endogeic earthworms.Applied Soil Ecology,38:27-33.
Tomati U,Galli E,Grappelli A,et al.1994.Plant metabolism as influenced by earthworm casts.Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum and Institute,89:179-185.
Tong C,Zhang LH,Wang WQ,et al.2011.Contrasting nutrient stocks and litter decomposition in stands of native and invasive species in a sub-tropical estuarine marsh.Environmental Research,111:909-916.
Vandenbygaart AJ,Fox CA,Fallow DJ,et al.2000.Estimating earthworm-influenced soil structure by morphometric image analysis.Soil Science Society of America Journal,64:982-988.
van Rhee JA.1965.Earthworm activity and plant growth in artificial cultures.Plant and Soil,22:45-48.
Wang SJ,Wang H,Li JH,et al.2017.Ants can exert a diverse effect on soil carbon and nitrogen pools in a Xishuangbanna tropical forest.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,113:45-52.
Wu HT,Lu XG,Wu DH,et al.2013.Ant mounds alter spatial and temporal patterns of CO2,CH4and N2O emissions form a marsh soil.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,57:884-891.
Xi M,Kong FL,LüXG,et al.2015.Spatial variation of dissolved organic carbon in soils of riparian wetlands and responses to hydro-geomorphologic changes in Sanjiang Plain,China.Chinese Geographical Science,25:174-183.
Xu XF,Tian HQ,Wan SQ.2007.Climate warming impacts on carbon cycling in terrestrial ecosystems.Journal of Plant Ecology,31:175-188.
Yang XD,Chen J.2009.Plant litter quality influences the contribution of soil fauna to litter decomposition in humid tropical forests,southwestern China.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,41:910-918.
陈骥,曹军骥,张思毅,等.2013.蚂蚁扰动对青海湖北岸高寒草甸草原群落结构影响.地球环境学报,4(5):1461-1469.
陈建秀,麻智春,严海娟,等.2007.跳虫在土壤生态系统中的作用.生物多样性,15(2):154-161.
陈婷,郗敏,孔范龙,等.2016.枯落物分解及其影响因素.生态学杂志,35(7):1927-1935.
陈应武,李新荣,苏延桂,等.2007.腾格里沙漠人工植被区掘穴蚁(Formica cunicularia)的生态功能.生态学报,27(4):1508-1514.
陈元瑶,魏琮,贺虹,等.2012.秦岭地区2种蚂蚁巢内土壤理化性质和微生物量的相关性研究.西北林学院学报,27(2):121-126.
傅声雷.2007.土壤生物多样性的研究概况与发展趋势.生物多样性,15(2):109-115.
杭琼.2014.蚯蚓粪改良果园底土效果的初步研究(硕士学位论文).扬州:扬州大学.
姜艳.2010.毛竹林土攘呼吸及其三个生物学过程的时空格局变化研究(博士学位论文).北京:中国林业科学研究院.
姜炳棋,马旖旎,单军,等.2011.威廉腔环蚓(Metaphire guillelmi)对14C-土壤有机质转化的研究.生态环境学报,20(z1):1011-1017.
井大炜,王明友,张红,等.2015.樱桃栽培中施用蚯蚓粪对土壤有机碳氧化稳定性及碳库管理指数的影响.水土保持通报,35(3):73-77.
李晓强.2014.长白山岳桦林凋落物分解与土壤动物的相互作用(博士学位论文).吉林:东北师范大学.
刘任涛,赵哈林,赵学勇.2011.沙地生态系统中蚂蚁活动与地表植被及土壤环境间的互作关系.干旱区资源与环境,25(12):166-170.
刘瑞龙,李维民,杨万勤,等.2013.土壤动物对川西高山/亚高山森林凋落物分解的贡献.应用生态学报,24(12):3354-3360.
卢明珠,吕宪国,管强,等.2015.蚯蚓对土壤温室气体排放的影响及机制研究进展.土壤学报,52(6):1209-1225.
罗天相,胡锋,刘莎,等.2008.施用秸秆和接种蚯蚓对土壤温室气体排放的影响.土壤,40(4):653-657.
潘婷,曾六福,曾从盛,等.2015.互花米草入侵对闽江河口裸滩湿地土壤有机碳的影响.中国水土保持科学,13(1):84-90.
庞蕊,刘敏,李美玲,等.2017.土壤碳排放组分区分的研究进展.生态学杂志,36(8):2327-2335.
彭艳,杨万勤,薛樵,等.2016.季节性冻融期间土壤动物对高山草甸两种凋落叶失重的贡献.生态学报,36(19):6149-6158.
单颖,赵凤亮,林艳,等.2017.蚯蚓粪对土壤环境质量和作物生长影响的研究现状与展望.热带农业科学,37(6):11-17.
孙艳梅,陈殿元,元明浩,等.1998.稻苗绿圆跳虫的发生危害与药剂防治.植物保护,24(6):24-25.
唐健,宋贤冲,李海星,等.2011.接种蚯蚓对桉树根系生长的影响.广西林业科学,40(4):270-273.
王凤葵,巨江里.1997.大蒜绿圆跳虫的发生规律与防治.植物保护,23(1):15-16.
王文君,杨万勤,谭波,等.2013.四川盆地亚热带常绿阔叶林土壤动物对几种典型凋落物分解的影响.生态环境学报,22(9):1488-1495.
王利峰,和润莲,杨林,等.2016.川西高山林线交错带土壤动物对岷江冷杉和高山杜鹃凋落物分解的贡献.应用生态学报,27(11):3689-3697.
王振海,殷秀琴,张成蒙.2016.土壤动物在长白山臭冷杉凋落物分解中的作用.林业科学,52(7):59-67.
王琪飞,顾佳茹,徐德福,等.2016.动物扰动对湿地植物根区有机碳和氮形态的影响.生态与农村环境学报,32(5):813-817.
王明友,井大炜,张红,等.2016.蚯蚓粪对豇豆土壤活性有机碳及微生物活性的影响.核农学报,30(7):1404-1410.
王明友,张红,李士平,等.2015.蚯蚓粪与化肥配施对西瓜地土壤活性有机碳及酶活性的影响.水土保持通报,35(4):101-106.
王可洪,武海涛,吴东辉.2013.土壤动物对土壤呼吸的影响研究进展.土壤通报,44(6):1526-1530.
王邵军.2009.武夷山不同海拔土壤动物对凋落物分解的影响(博士学位论文).南京:南京林业大学.
武海涛,吕宪国,杨青,等.2006.土壤动物主要生态特征与生态功能研究进展.土壤学报,43(2):314-323.
武海涛,于少鹏,吕宪国,等.2008.三江平原乌拉苔草-毛苔草湿地土壤动物多样性及其枯落物分解功能.湿地科学,6(2):285-292.
吴珏,朱峰,李建勇.2017.蚯蚓粪肥对黄瓜生长、产量和品质的影响.长江蔬菜,(16):60-63.
吴纪华,宋慈玉,陈家宽.2007.食微线虫对植物生长及土壤养分循环的影响.生物多样性,15(2):124-133.
夏磊,吴福忠,杨万勤.2011.季节性冻融期间土壤动物对岷江冷杉凋落叶质量损失的贡献.植物生态学报,35(11):1127-1135.
夏磊,吴福忠,杨万勤,等.2012.川西亚高山森林凋落物分解初期土壤动物对红桦凋落叶质量损失的贡献.应用生态学报,23(2):301-306.
徐国良,王敏,张卫信,等.2015.土壤跳虫在碳循环中的作用---13C示踪研究.生态环境学报,24(7):1103-1107.
杨效东,邹晓明.2006.西双版纳热带季节雨林凋落叶分解与土壤动物群落:两种网孔分解袋的分解实验比较.植物生态学报,30(5):791-801.
尹文英.2001.土壤动物学研究的回顾与展望.生物学通报,36(8):1-3.
袁新田,朱玲,焦加国,等.2010.施用玉米秸秆和接种蚯蚓后几种土壤活性有机碳的动态变化.生态学报,30(19):5264-5271.
袁新田,焦加国,朱玲,等.2011.不同秸秆施用方式下接种蚯蚓对土壤团聚体及其中碳分布的影响.土壤,43(6):968-974.
鱼小军,蒲小鹏,黄世杰,等.2010.蚂蚁对东祁连山高寒草地生态系统的影响.草业学报,19(2):140-145.
张静.2007.下蜀次生栎林和火炬松林土壤动物对凋落物的分解效应(硕士学位论文).南京:南京林业大学.
张树杰,张春雷.2011.接种蚯蚓对油菜籽粒产量和含油率的影响.应用生态学报,22(6):1499-1503.
张瑞清,孙振钧,王冲,等.2007.西双版纳热带雨林凋落叶分解过程.Ⅱ.微生物与线虫的群落动态.生态学报,27(2):640-649.
郑世英,郑建峰,王宝泉,等.2017.蚯蚓粪对草莓土壤肥力及产量和品质的影响.北方园艺,(10):16-20.
訾园园,郗敏,孔范龙,等.2016.胶州湾滨海湿地土壤有机碳时空分布及储量.应用生态学报,27(7):2075-2083.
朱永恒,赵春雨,王宗英,等.2005.我国土壤动物群落生态学研究综述.生态学杂志,24(12):1477-1481.
Aira M,Mcnamara NP,Piearce TG,et al.2009.Microbial communities of Lumbricus terrestris L.middens:Structure,activity,and changes through time in relation to earthworm presence.Journal of Soils and Sediments,9:54-61.
Alegre JC,Pashanasi B,Lavelle P.1996.Dynamics of soil physical properties in Amazonian agroecosystems inoculated with earthworms.Soil Science Society of America Journal,60:1522-1529.
Bazzaz FA.1990.The response of natural ecosystems to the rising global CO2levels.Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,21:167-196.
Bolin B,Degens NT,Duvigneaud P,et al.1979.The global biogeochemical carbon cycle.The Global Carbon Cycle,13:1-56.
Bonkowski M,Brandt F.2002.Do soil protozoa enhance plant growth by hormonal effects?Soil Biology&Biochemistry,34:1709-1715.
Borken W,Gründel S,Beese F.2000.Potential contribution of Lumbricus terrestris L.to carbon dioxide,methane and nitrous oxide fluxes from a forest soil.Biology and Fertility of Soils,32:142-148.
Cragg RG,Bardgett RD.2001.How changes in soil faunal diversity and composition within a trophic group influence decomposition processes.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,33:2073-2081.
Endlweber K,Scheu S.2007.Interactions between mycorrhizal fungi and Collembola:Effects on root structure of competing plant species.Biology and Fertility of Soils,43:741-749.
Francisco SS,Houdusse F,Zamarreo AM,et al.2005.Effects of IAA and IAA precursors on the development,mineral nutrition,IAA content and free polyamine content of pepper plants cultivated in hydroponic conditions.Scientia Horticulturae,106:38-52.
Fu S,Ferris H,Brown D,et al.2005.Does the positive feedback effect of nematodes on the biomass and activity of their bacteria prey vary with nematode species and population size?Soil Biology&Biochemistry,37:1979-1987.
Gonzalez G,Seastedt TR.2001.Soil fauna and plant litter decomposition in tropical and subalpine forests.Ecology,82:955-964.
Hallaire V,Curmi P,Duboisset A,et al.2000.Soil structure changes induced by the tropical earthworm Pontoscolex corethrurus and organic inputs in a Peruvian ultisol.European Journal of Soil Biology,36:35-44.
Heneghan L,Coleman DC,Zou X,et al.1998.Soil microarthropod community structure and litter decomposition dynamics:A study of tropical and temperate sites.Applied Soil Ecology,9:33-38.
Hildebrand M,Tebbe CC,Geider K.2001.Survival studies with the fire blight pathogen Erwinia amylovora in soil and in a soil-inhabiting insect.Journal of Phytopathology,149:635-639.
Hogberg P,Nordgren A,Buchmann N,et al.2001.Large-scale forest girdling shows that current photosynthesis drives soil respiration.Nature,411:789-792.
Jenkinson DS,Adams DE,Wild A.1991.Model estimates of CO2emissions from soil in response to global warming.Nature,351:304-306.
Jilkova V,Picek T,Frouz J.2014.Seasonal changes in methane and carbon dioxide flux in wood ant(Formica aquilonia)nests and the surrounding forest soil.Pedobiologia,58:7-12.
Karsten GR,Drake HL.1997.Denitrifying bacteria in the earthworm gastrointestinal tract and in vivo emission of nitrous oxide(N(1nf2)O)by earthworms.Applied and Environmental Microbiology,63:1878-1882.
Kubiena WL.1953.The Soils of Europe.London:Thomas Murby.
Lim SL,Wu TY,Lim PN,et al.2015.The use of vermicompost in organic farming:Overview,effects on soil and economics.Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,95:1143-1156.
Liu ZG,Zou XM.2002.Exotic earthworms accelerate plant litter decomposition in a Puerto Rican pasture and a wet forest.Ecological Applications,12:1406-1417.
Luo TX,Li HX,Wang T,et al.2008.Influence of nematodes and earthworms on the emissions of soil trace gases(CO2,N2O).Acta Ecologica Sinica,28:993-999.
MaaS,Caruso T,Rillig MC.2015.Functional role of microarthropods in soil aggregation.Pedobiologia,58:59-63.
Ohashi M,Finer L,Domisch T,et al.2005.CO2efflux from a red wood ant mound in a boreal forest.Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,130:131-136.
Petersen H,Luxton M.1982.A comparative analysis of soil fauna populations and their role in decomposition processes.Oikos,39:287-388.
Post WM,Emanuel WR,Zinke PJ,et al.1982.Soil carbon pools and world life zones.Nature,298:156-159.
Raich,JW,Potter CS.1995.Global patterns of carbon dioxide emissions from soils.Global Biogeochemical Cycles,9:23-36.
Rizhiya E,Bertora C,Vliet PCJV,et al.2007.Earthworm activity as a determinant for N2O emission from crop residue.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,39:2058-2069.
Sarr M,Agbogba C,Russell-Smith A,et al.2001.Effects of soil faunal activity and woody shrubs on water infiltration rates in a semi-arid fallow of Senegal.Applied Soil Ecology,16:283-290.
Seastedt TR.1984.The role of microarthropods in decomposition and mineralization processes.Annual Review of Entomology,29:25-46.
Sharma S,Pradhan K,Satya S,et al.2005.Potentiality of earthworms for waste management and in other uses:A review.Journal of American Science,1:4-16.
Shuster WD,Subler S,Mccoy EL.2001.Deep-burrowing earthworm additions changed the distribution of soil organic carbon in a chisel-tilled soil.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,33:983-996.
Speratti AB,Whalen JK.2008.Carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide fluxes from soil as influenced by anecic and endogeic earthworms.Applied Soil Ecology,38:27-33.
Tomati U,Galli E,Grappelli A,et al.1994.Plant metabolism as influenced by earthworm casts.Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum and Institute,89:179-185.
Tong C,Zhang LH,Wang WQ,et al.2011.Contrasting nutrient stocks and litter decomposition in stands of native and invasive species in a sub-tropical estuarine marsh.Environmental Research,111:909-916.
Vandenbygaart AJ,Fox CA,Fallow DJ,et al.2000.Estimating earthworm-influenced soil structure by morphometric image analysis.Soil Science Society of America Journal,64:982-988.
van Rhee JA.1965.Earthworm activity and plant growth in artificial cultures.Plant and Soil,22:45-48.
Wang SJ,Wang H,Li JH,et al.2017.Ants can exert a diverse effect on soil carbon and nitrogen pools in a Xishuangbanna tropical forest.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,113:45-52.
Wu HT,Lu XG,Wu DH,et al.2013.Ant mounds alter spatial and temporal patterns of CO2,CH4and N2O emissions form a marsh soil.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,57:884-891.
Xi M,Kong FL,LüXG,et al.2015.Spatial variation of dissolved organic carbon in soils of riparian wetlands and responses to hydro-geomorphologic changes in Sanjiang Plain,China.Chinese Geographical Science,25:174-183.
Xu XF,Tian HQ,Wan SQ.2007.Climate warming impacts on carbon cycling in terrestrial ecosystems.Journal of Plant Ecology,31:175-188.
Yang XD,Chen J.2009.Plant litter quality influences the contribution of soil fauna to litter decomposition in humid tropical forests,southwestern China.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,41:910-918.