喙尾琵甲成虫存活及产卵量的影响因子
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摘要
喙尾琵甲是云南民间常用的一种药用昆虫,缺少有效的人工繁育技术保障其可持续利用。本文以喙尾琵甲生境地常见食物、温度、光周期、种群密度和性比共5个因素研究对该昆虫存活及产卵量的影响,以期找出适合其生长发育的食物、生态因子和种群结构。结果显示:(1)麦麸、仔鸡饲料及二者混合饲喂的成虫的产卵量均显著高于秸秆类食物(P<0.05),死亡率则相反,其中,以仔鸡饲料饲喂的死亡率最低6.4%±4.95%,产卵量最高,单雌日平均产卵量为1.25±0.63枚;(2)22℃恒温条件下的产卵量显著区别于其余试验组(P<0.05),单雌日产卵量达1.93±0.98枚,30℃恒温条件下的存活率低于10℃-25℃的5个试验组;(3)等光照12 L∶12 D下的单雌日产卵量(0.42±0.25枚)最低,与其余试验组显著差异(P<0.05),但不同光周期下成虫存活率的差异不显著(P>0.05);(4)在2.10-10.52头/dm~2的种群密度梯度区间,产卵量较高,继续增加密度则导致产卵量的下降,但在实验区间内,种群密度对成虫存活率的影响不显著(P>0.05);(5)性比对成虫产卵量的影响显著(P<0.05),♀∶♂=1∶1时的存活率和单雌平均产卵量均最高,分别为98.5%±1.86%和1.87±0.86枚/d。研究表明,以麦麸和仔鸡饲料为食物、22℃恒温、非等光周期(12L∶12D)、10.52头/dm~2以下的种群密度及♀∶♂=1∶1有利于喙尾琵甲成虫的存活及产卵。
Blaps rhynchopetera Fairmaire,1886 is one of folk medicinal insects which are widely used in Yunnan Province, China. Lack of effectively artificial cultivating technique blocks its sustainable application. In this study, effects of normal food, temperature, photoperiod, population density and sex ratio on the survival and fecundity of B. rhynchoptera were analysed to optimize its growth factors and population structure. Results are as follows:(1) Adults fed on wheat bran, chicken feed and their mixture had higher survival rate and fecundity than those feed on wheat and rice straw(P<0.05), among them, adults fed on chicken feed had the lowest mortality(6.4%±4.95%) and the highest fecundity(1.25±0.63 eggs per day per female).(2)Egg amount of individuals live at 22℃(1.93±0.98 eggs per day per female) were significantly higher than others(P<0.05), survival rate of the beetle live at 30℃ were lower than other five experimental groups live at 10℃-25℃.(3) The adults treated with equal photoperiod(12 L ∶12 D) had the lowest fecundity(0.42±0.25 eggs per day per female) and they were significantly different from others, but the discrepancies among different experimental groups were not significant(P>0.05).(4) The population density of 2.10-10.52 individuals/dm~2 had no significant effect on adults survival rate(P>0.05), but had significant effect on fecundity(P<0.05), that was high population density inhibits fecundity.(5) The sex ratio had significant effect on fecundity(P<0.05). ♀ ∶♂=1 ∶1 had the highest survival rate(98.5%±1.86%) and fecundity(1.87±0.86 eggs per day). In conclusion, the cultivating conditions including food with wheat bran, chicken feed, 22℃, unequal photoperiod(12 L ∶12 D), population density of 10.52 individuals/dm~2, and ♀ ∶♂=1 ∶1 are most favorable for B. rhynchopetera to survive and oviposition.
Blaps rhynchopetera Fairmaire,1886 is one of folk medicinal insects which are widely used in Yunnan Province, China. Lack of effectively artificial cultivating technique blocks its sustainable application. In this study, effects of normal food, temperature, photoperiod, population density and sex ratio on the survival and fecundity of B. rhynchoptera were analysed to optimize its growth factors and population structure. Results are as follows:(1) Adults fed on wheat bran, chicken feed and their mixture had higher survival rate and fecundity than those feed on wheat and rice straw(P<0.05), among them, adults fed on chicken feed had the lowest mortality(6.4%±4.95%) and the highest fecundity(1.25±0.63 eggs per day per female).(2)Egg amount of individuals live at 22℃(1.93±0.98 eggs per day per female) were significantly higher than others(P<0.05), survival rate of the beetle live at 30℃ were lower than other five experimental groups live at 10℃-25℃.(3) The adults treated with equal photoperiod(12 L ∶12 D) had the lowest fecundity(0.42±0.25 eggs per day per female) and they were significantly different from others, but the discrepancies among different experimental groups were not significant(P>0.05).(4) The population density of 2.10-10.52 individuals/dm~2 had no significant effect on adults survival rate(P>0.05), but had significant effect on fecundity(P<0.05), that was high population density inhibits fecundity.(5) The sex ratio had significant effect on fecundity(P<0.05). ♀ ∶♂=1 ∶1 had the highest survival rate(98.5%±1.86%) and fecundity(1.87±0.86 eggs per day). In conclusion, the cultivating conditions including food with wheat bran, chicken feed, 22℃, unequal photoperiod(12 L ∶12 D), population density of 10.52 individuals/dm~2, and ♀ ∶♂=1 ∶1 are most favorable for B. rhynchopetera to survive and oviposition.
引文
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Graham LA, Tang W, Baust JG,et al. Characterization and cloning of a Tenebrio molitor hemolymph protein with sequence similarity to insect odorant-binding proteins [J]. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2001, 31 (6-7): 691-702.
He Z, Li X, Sun L,et al. Antioxidant activities of five insect polysaccharides in vitro[J]. Journal of Environmental Entomology, 2015, 37 (1): 61-67. [何钊, 李娴, 孙龙, 等. 五种昆虫多糖的体外抗氧化活性 [J]. 环境昆虫学报, 2015, 37 (1): 61-67]
Ji HH. Studies on Reproductive Biology and Feeding Habits of Blaps rhynchoptera Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) [D]. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Forestry, 2010. [冀焕红. 喙尾琵甲生殖生物学与食性研究 [D]. 北京: 中国林业科学研究院, 2010]
Li L, Luo CY, Liu Y. Studies on antibiotic active constituents of Yunnan Balaps japanensis yunnanensis [J]. Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs, 2001, 32 (3): 197-199. [李蕾, 罗氘芸, 刘勇. 云南琵琶甲抗菌活性成分研究 [J]. 中草药, 2001, 32 (3): 197-199]
Li SL, Zhang HZ, Qian JF,et al. Experimental study on acute toxicity and anti-inflammatory effects of alcohol extract from Blaps rynchopetera Fairmaire [J]. Asia-Pacific Traditional Medicine, 2016, 12 (14): 14-17. [李赛丽, 张海珠, 钱金栿, 等. 喙尾琵琶甲醇提物急性毒性及抗炎作用实验研究 [J]. 亚太传统医药, 2016, 12 (14): 14-17]
Lin CC, Lai MH, Lu G,et al. Impacts of adult feeding materials on female reproduction capacity of Monochamus alternatus Hope [J]. Forest Research, 2003, 16 (4): 398-403. [林长春, 赖明惠, 陆高, 等. 补充营养材料对松褐天牛雌成虫繁殖力的影响 [J]. 林业科学研究, 2003, 16 (4): 398-403]
Liu Y, Luo CY, Li L,et al. Study on antibiotic activity and GC-MS ananlysis of Yunnan Blaps's defensive secretion [J]. Journal of Yunnan University (Natural Sciences Edition), 2000, 22 (3): 217-219. [刘勇, 罗氚芸, 李蕾, 等. 云南琵琶甲防御性分泌物抗菌活性及GC-MS分析 [J]. 云南大学学报(自然科学版), 2000, 22 (3): 217-219]
Luo CY, Liu Y, Li L. Studies on the liposoluble antibacterial constituents of Yunnan Blaps (Blaps japanensis yunnanenisis) [J]. Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs, 1999, 30 (8): 566-567. [罗氚芸, 刘勇, 李蕾. 云南琵琶甲脂溶性抗菌活性成分的研究 [J]. 中草药, 1999, 30 (8): 566-567]
Ma H, Wang ZJ, Shen H. Effect of different food on the growth of Blaps rynchopetera [J]. Journal of Chuxiong Normal University, 2013, 28 (3): 60-63, 75. [马欢, 王振吉, 沈慧. 不同食物对喙尾琵琶甲成虫生长发育的影响 [J]. 楚雄师范学院学报, 2013, 28 (3): 60-63, 75]
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