基于SWMM模型的沿海城市内涝模拟研究
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摘要
沿海地区台风过境时的短历时强降雨可迅速形成地表径流,易导致城市内涝,造成严重的经济损失和人员伤亡。为缓解该问题,本文以福州晋安河流域为例,构建了基于SWMM管网和地面二维积水的城市内涝模拟模型,以研究该区域城市内涝成因及应对策略。实例研究表明,上游库湖泄水抬高内河水位,下游外江涨潮使内河排水不畅,是形成内涝灾害的主要原因。为此提出库湖闸站联合错峰调度方案,有效防止下游江水倒灌。以苏迪罗台风降雨为例,采用该调度方案可减少管网节点溢流量27.44%,缩小淹没面积29.73%,降低内涝严重区河道最高水位1.02 m,有效缓解地表淹没。本研究成果可为福州城市内涝的科学调度提供技术支撑,同时对其他沿海城市的防洪调度具有参考价值。
When the typhoon passes through the coastal area,the short duration of heavy rainfall quickly forms the surface runoff,resulting in serious economic losses and casualties. Aiming at alleviating the problem,this paper took the Jin'an River Basin in Fuzhou City as an example and established a waterlogging simulation model based on SWMM pipeline network and 2D ground flooding to study the causes and countermeasures of urban waterlogging in that area.Based on the simulation results,the discharge from upper reservoirs raised the river level and the tidal level in lower reaches impeded the drainage of the river,which results in waterlogging disaster. In view of the above causes,a joint peak staggering regulation scheme of the reservoir and lake sluice station was proposed to prevent the backflow of the downstream river water,reducing the total spillover flow of the pipe network nodes by 27.44%,the submerged area by 29.73%,and the maximum water level of the river channel in the serious waterlogging area by 1.02m,and effectively alleviating the surface submergence. The results of this study can provide technical support for the scientific regulation of urban waterlogging in Fuzhou.,which has important reference value and guiding significance for flood control and regulation in other coastal cities.
When the typhoon passes through the coastal area,the short duration of heavy rainfall quickly forms the surface runoff,resulting in serious economic losses and casualties. Aiming at alleviating the problem,this paper took the Jin'an River Basin in Fuzhou City as an example and established a waterlogging simulation model based on SWMM pipeline network and 2D ground flooding to study the causes and countermeasures of urban waterlogging in that area.Based on the simulation results,the discharge from upper reservoirs raised the river level and the tidal level in lower reaches impeded the drainage of the river,which results in waterlogging disaster. In view of the above causes,a joint peak staggering regulation scheme of the reservoir and lake sluice station was proposed to prevent the backflow of the downstream river water,reducing the total spillover flow of the pipe network nodes by 27.44%,the submerged area by 29.73%,and the maximum water level of the river channel in the serious waterlogging area by 1.02m,and effectively alleviating the surface submergence. The results of this study can provide technical support for the scientific regulation of urban waterlogging in Fuzhou.,which has important reference value and guiding significance for flood control and regulation in other coastal cities.
引文
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[16]何嘉莉,陈兵,姜涛,等.城市内涝在线监控与信息服务数字化系统设计[J].中国给水排水,2014,30(1):94-98.
[17]来丽芳,姜元军,李亚丹,等.城市内涝监控预警与联合调度系统设计与开发[J].地理空间信息,2017,15(5):88-90,12.
[18]陈晓燕,张娜,吴芳芳,等.雨洪管理模型SWMM的原理、参数和应用[J].中国给水排水,2013,29(4):4-7.
[2]张悦.关于城市暴雨内涝灾害的若干问题和对策[J].中国给水排水,2010,26(16):41-42,47.
[3]HALL M J.Urban Hydrology[M].London:Thom as Tel-ford Ltd,1984.
[4]车伍,杨正,赵杨,等.中国城市内涝防治与大小排水系统分析[J].中国给水排水,2013,29(16):13-19.
[5]谢映霞.城市排水与内涝灾害防治规划相关问题研究[J].中国给水排水,2013,29(17):105-108.
[6]LEWIS A Rossman.Storm Water Management Model User's Manual Version 5.0[M].Cincinnati,OH:Water Supply and Water Resources Division National Risk Management Research Laboratory,2008.
[7]POMEROY C A,POSTEL N A,O’NEILL P A,et al.Develop-ment of storm-water management design criteria to maintain geomorphic stability in Kansas City mettropolitan areastreams[J].J.Irrig.Drain.Eng.,2008,134(5):562-566.
[8]GROTTKER M.Runoff quality from a street with mediumtraffic loading[J].Sci.Total.Environ.,1987,59:457-465.
[9]董欣,陈吉宁,赵冬泉.SWMM模型在城市排水系统规划中的应用[J].给水排水,2006(5):106-109.
[10]董欣,杜鹏飞,李志一,等.SWMM模型在城市不透水区地表径流模拟中的参数识别与验证[J].环境科学,2008(6):1495-1501.
[11]刘俊,郭亮辉,张建涛,等.基于SWMM模拟上海市区排水及地面淹水过程[J].中国给水排水,2006(21):64-66,70.
[12]陈睿星,李卫东,栾慕,等.SWMM模型在城市雨水管网改造中的应用[J].中国农村水利水电,2017(1):58-62.
[13]李彦伟,尤学一,季民,等.基于SWMM模型的雨水管网优化[J].中国给水排水,2010,26(23):40-43.
[14]黄国如,王欣,黄维.基于InfoWorks ICM模型的城市暴雨内涝模拟[J].水电能源科学,2017,35(2):66-70,60.
[15]寇殿良,覃芹,刘非.基于SWMM和InfoWorks的低影响开发技术研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2018(2):31-36.
[16]何嘉莉,陈兵,姜涛,等.城市内涝在线监控与信息服务数字化系统设计[J].中国给水排水,2014,30(1):94-98.
[17]来丽芳,姜元军,李亚丹,等.城市内涝监控预警与联合调度系统设计与开发[J].地理空间信息,2017,15(5):88-90,12.
[18]陈晓燕,张娜,吴芳芳,等.雨洪管理模型SWMM的原理、参数和应用[J].中国给水排水,2013,29(4):4-7.