Ti6Al4V微弧氧化TiO_2/W复合膜的制备及摩擦学性能
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摘要
目的提高Ti6Al4V合金的摩擦学性能。方法在硅酸盐-磷酸盐电解液中添加不同浓度的纳米W粉,利用微弧氧化技术在Ti6Al4V基体表面制备出氧化陶瓷膜。利用FE-SEM、EDS和XRD研究了在不同浓度W粉参与下的微弧氧化膜表截面微观形貌、元素分布及膜层相组成。通过旋转摩擦磨损试验评估了膜层的摩擦学性能。结果电解液中加入纳米W粉可以促进膜厚增长,尤其在含0.5～2 g/L纳米W粉时,膜厚呈近似线性增长;但W粉在膜层表面的附着会导致粗糙度的增大。在纳米W粉参与下,微弧氧化膜中除了锐钛矿、金红石和Al_2TiO_5相之外,W含量也随电解液中颗粒含量的增加而提高。在6 g/L纳米W粉复合下,微弧氧化膜的摩擦系数、比磨损率分别减小了约13.33%和3.53%。结论 W粉颗粒以机械啮合附着在氧化膜表面,部分颗粒随熔融氧化物包裹进入膜层并发现熔化迹象。W粉含量为6 g/L时,制备的氧化膜表面质量有所改善,即微孔和裂纹等有所减少,耐磨性较佳,摩擦系数和比磨损率较不含W粉的膜层均有所减小。
The work aims to improve the tribological properties of Ti6Al4V alloy. Oxidation ceramic coatings were prepared on the surface of Ti6Al4V substrate by micro-arc oxidation treatment in silicate-phosphate electrolyte with different concentrations of tungsten nano-powder. Micro-morphology of surface and cross section element distribution, phase constituents of the micro-arc oxidation coatings with different concentrations of tungsten nano-powder were analyzed by FE-SEM, EDS and XRD. Tribological properties were evaluated by rotational wear test. The addition of tungsten nano-powder in electrolyte could promote the growth of the coating, especially the approximate linear growth within the range of 0.5～2 g/L tungsten nano-powder in electrolyte, but the adhesion of tungsten nano-powder on the surface of the coating could increase roughness. Except rutile, ana-tase and Al_2TiO_5 in the micro-arc oxidation coatings, the content of tungsten nano-powder also increased as the particles in the electrolyte grew. The friction co-efficiency and specific wear rate of the composite coating prepared in the electrolyte with 6 g/L tungsten nano-powder reduced by 13.33% and 3.53% respectively. Tungsten nano-powder exists on composite coating surface by mechanical entrapment. Parts of particles enter the membrane with molten oxide and show signs of melting. The quality of the micro-arc oxidation coating surface prepared in electrolyte with 6 g/L tungsten nano-powder is improved, e. g. reduction of the micro-pores and cracks, and better wear resistance. Friction co-efficiency and specific wear rate are both lower than that of coating without tungsten nano-powder.
The work aims to improve the tribological properties of Ti6Al4V alloy. Oxidation ceramic coatings were prepared on the surface of Ti6Al4V substrate by micro-arc oxidation treatment in silicate-phosphate electrolyte with different concentrations of tungsten nano-powder. Micro-morphology of surface and cross section element distribution, phase constituents of the micro-arc oxidation coatings with different concentrations of tungsten nano-powder were analyzed by FE-SEM, EDS and XRD. Tribological properties were evaluated by rotational wear test. The addition of tungsten nano-powder in electrolyte could promote the growth of the coating, especially the approximate linear growth within the range of 0.5～2 g/L tungsten nano-powder in electrolyte, but the adhesion of tungsten nano-powder on the surface of the coating could increase roughness. Except rutile, ana-tase and Al_2TiO_5 in the micro-arc oxidation coatings, the content of tungsten nano-powder also increased as the particles in the electrolyte grew. The friction co-efficiency and specific wear rate of the composite coating prepared in the electrolyte with 6 g/L tungsten nano-powder reduced by 13.33% and 3.53% respectively. Tungsten nano-powder exists on composite coating surface by mechanical entrapment. Parts of particles enter the membrane with molten oxide and show signs of melting. The quality of the micro-arc oxidation coating surface prepared in electrolyte with 6 g/L tungsten nano-powder is improved, e. g. reduction of the micro-pores and cracks, and better wear resistance. Friction co-efficiency and specific wear rate are both lower than that of coating without tungsten nano-powder.
引文
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[25]郝千驹,杜楠,赵晴,等.TC4钛合金微弧氧化膜形成过程中熔池的温度探测[J].表面技术,2018(4):51-57.HAO Qian-ju,DU Nan,ZHAO Qing,et al.Temperature detection of molten bath during formation of micro arc oxidation film on TC4 titanium alloy[J].Surface technology,2018(4):51-57.
[26]程法嵩.TC4钛合金微弧氧化成膜机理研究[D].南昌:南昌航空大学,2017.CHENG Fa-song.An investigation of MAO coating forming mechanisms coated Ti-6Al-4V alloy[D].Nanchang:Nanchang Hangkong University,2017.
[2]刘全明,张朝晖,刘世锋,等.钛合金在航空航天及武器装备领域的应用与发展[J].钢铁研究学报,2015,27(3):1-4.LIU Quan-ming,ZHANG Chao-hui,LIU Shi-feng,et al.Application and development of titanium alloy in aerospace and military hardware[J].Journal of iron and steel research,2015,27(3):1-4.
[3]RACK H J,QAZI J I.Titanium alloys for biomedical applications[J].Materials science and engineering:C,2006,26(8):1269-1277.
[4]ALVES A C,WENGER F,PONTHIAUX P,et al.Corrosion mechanisms in titanium oxide-based films produced by anodic treatment[J].Electrochimica acta,2017,234:16-27.
[5]SHOESMITH D W,NO?L J J.Corrosion of titanium and its alloys[J].Shreirs corrosion,2010:2042-2052.
[6]MINGO B,ARRABAL R,MOHEDANO M,et al.Corrosion and wear of PEO coated AZ91/SiC composites[J].Surface and coatings technology,2017,309:1023-1032.
[7]VATAN H N,EBRAHIMI-KAHRIZSANGI R,ASGARANIM K.Tribological performance of PEO-WC nanocomposite coating on Mg alloys deposited by plasma electrolytic oxidation[J].Tribology international,2016,98:253-260.
[8]LU Xiao-peng,BLAWERT C,HUANG Yuan-ding,et al.Plasma electrolytic oxidation coatings on Mg alloy with addition of SiO2 particles[J].Electrochimica acta,2016,187:20-33.
[9]王帅星,赵晴,张小明,等.Cr2O3微粒对Ti6Al4V微弧氧化膜结构及磨损行为的影响[J].材料热处理学报,2014,35(2):180-185.WANG Shuai-xing,ZHAO Qing,ZHANG Xiao-ming,et al.Effect of Cr2O3 microparticle on microstructure and tribological behavior of microarc oxidation coating on Ti6Al4V alloy[J].Transactions of materials and heat treatment,2014,35(2):180-185.
[10]AO Ni,LIU Dao-xin,WANG Shuai-xing,et al.Microstructure and tribological behavior of a TiO2/h BN composite ceramic coating formed via micro-arc oxidation of Ti-6Al-4V alloy[J].Journal of materials science&technology,2016,32(10):1071-1076.
[11]WANG Shuai-xing,ZHAO Qing,LIU Dao-xin,et al.Microstructure and elevated temperature tribological behavior of TiO2/Al2O3 composite ceramic coating formed by microarc oxidation of Ti6Al4V alloy[J].Surface and coatings technology,2015,272:343-349.
[12]KR?AN B,NOVOTNY-FARKAS F,VI?INTIN J.Tribological behavior of tungsten-doped DLC coating under oil lubrication[J].Tribology international,2009,42(2):229-235.
[13]FU Zhi-qiang,WANG Cheng-biao,ZHANG Wei,et al.Influence of W content on tribological performance of W-doped diamond-like carbon coatings under dry friction and polyalpha olefin lubrication conditions[J].Materials&design,2013,51:775-779.
[14]BANERJI A,BHOWMICK S,ALPAS A T.High temperature tribological behavior of W containing diamondlike carbon(DLC)coating against titanium alloys[J].Surface and coatings technology,2014,241:93-104.
[15]葛延峰,蒋百灵,王聪婕,等.镁合金微弧氧化陶瓷层形成及生长过程[J].材料热处理学报,2014,35(12):190-194.GE Yan-feng,JIANG Bai-ling,WANG Cong-jie,et al.Research on formation and growth process of ceramic coatings on magnesium alloy by micro-arc oxidation[J].Transactions of materials and heat treatment,2014,35(12):190-194.
[16]杨威,赵玉峰,杨世彦.微弧氧化电源特性和参数对膜层性能及电能消耗的影响[J].材料工程,2010(2):86-90.YANG Wei,ZHAO Yu-feng,YANG Shi-yan.Effect of characteristic and parameters of power supply on micro-arc oxidation coatings property and energy consumption[J].Journal of materials engineering,2010(2):86-90.
[17]ROGOV A B,SHAYAPOV V R.The role of cathodic current in PEO of aluminum:Influence of cationic electrolyte composition on the transient current-voltage curves and the discharges optical emission spectra[J].Applied surface science,2017,394:323-332.
[18]VIJH A K.Sparking voltages and side reactions during anodization of valve metals in terms of electron tunnelling[J].Corrosion science,1971,11(6):411-417.
[19]IKONOPISOV S.Theory of electrical breakdown during formation of barrier anodic films[J].Electrochimica acta,1977,22(10):1077-1082.
[20]WOOD G C,PEARSON C.Dielectric breakdown of anodic oxide films on valve metals[J].Corrosion science,1967,7(2):119-125.
[21]WANG Y M,ZHANG P F,GUO L X,et al.Effect of microarc oxidation coating on fatigue performance of Ti-Al-Zr alloy[J].Applied surface science,2009,255(20):8616-8623.
[22]ZHANG Lei,ZHANG Jun-qing,CHEN Cheng-fu,et al.Advances in microarc oxidation coated AZ31 Mg alloys for biomedical applications[J].Corrosion science,2015,91:7-28.
[23]YEAP S P.Permanent agglomerates in powdered nanopowder:Formation and future prospects[J].Powder technology,2018,323:51-59.
[24]SUBERO J,NING Z,GHADIRI M,et al.Effect of interface energy on the impact strength of agglomerates[J].Powder technology,1999,105(1-3):66-73.
[25]郝千驹,杜楠,赵晴,等.TC4钛合金微弧氧化膜形成过程中熔池的温度探测[J].表面技术,2018(4):51-57.HAO Qian-ju,DU Nan,ZHAO Qing,et al.Temperature detection of molten bath during formation of micro arc oxidation film on TC4 titanium alloy[J].Surface technology,2018(4):51-57.
[26]程法嵩.TC4钛合金微弧氧化成膜机理研究[D].南昌:南昌航空大学,2017.CHENG Fa-song.An investigation of MAO coating forming mechanisms coated Ti-6Al-4V alloy[D].Nanchang:Nanchang Hangkong University,2017.
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