当代西方环境德性伦理的新发展
|
摘要
当代西方环境伦理学探讨了德性伦理进入环境伦理问题讨论的议题,借助环境范例方法、扩展主义方法以及德性理论方法,发展了多元的环境德性,补充了传统德性伦理的德目,如开放;丰富了传统德性伦理中重要德目的内涵,如爱国主义、俭朴和保护性体谅;重申了公共德性和认知德性在当代环境伦理问题中的重要性。当代西方环境德性伦理新发展所取得的思想成果对于环境哲学与环境保护实践都具有积极的意义和价值。
Using the ideological resources of the revival of virtue ethics,the contemporary western environmental ethics scholars have discussed the topics of moral ethics entering into the discussion of environmental ethics,with the help of environmental exemplar approach,extensionist approach and virtue theory approach. It develops the pluralistic environmental virtue and complements the traditional ethics of virtue,such as openness; It enriches the connotation of important virtues in traditional virtue ethics,such as patriotism,simplicity and preservative forgiveness,and reiterates the importance of political virtue and cognitive virtue in contemporary environmental ethics. The new development of the contemporary western environmental virtue ethics has positive significance and value for environmental philosophy and environmental protection practice.
Using the ideological resources of the revival of virtue ethics,the contemporary western environmental ethics scholars have discussed the topics of moral ethics entering into the discussion of environmental ethics,with the help of environmental exemplar approach,extensionist approach and virtue theory approach. It develops the pluralistic environmental virtue and complements the traditional ethics of virtue,such as openness; It enriches the connotation of important virtues in traditional virtue ethics,such as patriotism,simplicity and preservative forgiveness,and reiterates the importance of political virtue and cognitive virtue in contemporary environmental ethics. The new development of the contemporary western environmental virtue ethics has positive significance and value for environmental philosophy and environmental protection practice.
引文
[1]Hill T E Jr.Ideals of Human Excellence and Preserving Natural Environments[J].Environmental Ethics,1983,5(3):211-224.
[2]Cafaro P.Thoreau,Leopold,and Carson:Toward an Environmental Virtue Ethics[J].Environmental Ethics,2001,22(1):3-17.
[3]Hull R.All about EVE:A Report on Environmental Virtue Ethics Today[J].Ethics&the Environment,2005,10(1):89-110.
[4]Sandler R.A Theory of Environmental Virtue[J].Environmental Ethics,2006,28(3):247-264.
[5]Wensveen L V.Dirty Virtues:The Emergence of Ecological Virtue Ethics[M].Prometheus Books:Amherst,New York,2000.
[6]Cafaro P.Patriotism as an Environmental Virtue[J].Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics,2010,23(1/2):185-206.
[7]Gambrel J C,Cafaro P.The Virtue of Simplicity[J].Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics,2010,23(1/2):58-108.
[8][古希腊]亚里士多德.尼各马可伦理学[M].廖申白,译.北京:商务印书馆,2004.
[9]Norlock K J.Forgivingness,Pessimism,and Environmental Citizenship[J].Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics,2010,23(1/2):29-42.
[10]Frasz G B.Environmental Virtue Ethics:A New Direction for Environmental Ethics[J].Environmental Ethics,1993,15(3):259-274.
[11]Hardin G.The tragedy of the commons[J].Science,1968,162(3859):1243-1248.
[12]Treanor B.Environmentalism and Public Virtue[J].Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics,2010,23(1/2):9-28.
[13]Hardin G.Who cares for posterity?[C]//L.P.Pojman&P.Pojman(Eds.),Environmental ethics:Readings in theory and application.Belmont,CA:Thompson Wadsworth,2008:350-355.
[14]Cafaro P.Gluttony,Arrogance,Greed,and Apathy:An Exploration of Environmental Vice[C]//R.Sandler&P.Cafaro(Eds.),Environmental virtue ethics.New York:Rowman and Littlefield,2005:135-158.
[15]Stafford S P.Intellectual Virtue in Environmental Virtue Ethics[J].Environmental Ethics,2010,32(4):339-352.
[16]Kawall J.The Epistemic Demands of Environmental Virtue[J].Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics,2010,23(1/2):109-128.
[17]Thompson A.Radical Hope for Living Well in a Warmer World[J].Journal of Agriculturaland Environmental Ethics,2010,23(1/2):43-59.
[2]Cafaro P.Thoreau,Leopold,and Carson:Toward an Environmental Virtue Ethics[J].Environmental Ethics,2001,22(1):3-17.
[3]Hull R.All about EVE:A Report on Environmental Virtue Ethics Today[J].Ethics&the Environment,2005,10(1):89-110.
[4]Sandler R.A Theory of Environmental Virtue[J].Environmental Ethics,2006,28(3):247-264.
[5]Wensveen L V.Dirty Virtues:The Emergence of Ecological Virtue Ethics[M].Prometheus Books:Amherst,New York,2000.
[6]Cafaro P.Patriotism as an Environmental Virtue[J].Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics,2010,23(1/2):185-206.
[7]Gambrel J C,Cafaro P.The Virtue of Simplicity[J].Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics,2010,23(1/2):58-108.
[8][古希腊]亚里士多德.尼各马可伦理学[M].廖申白,译.北京:商务印书馆,2004.
[9]Norlock K J.Forgivingness,Pessimism,and Environmental Citizenship[J].Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics,2010,23(1/2):29-42.
[10]Frasz G B.Environmental Virtue Ethics:A New Direction for Environmental Ethics[J].Environmental Ethics,1993,15(3):259-274.
[11]Hardin G.The tragedy of the commons[J].Science,1968,162(3859):1243-1248.
[12]Treanor B.Environmentalism and Public Virtue[J].Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics,2010,23(1/2):9-28.
[13]Hardin G.Who cares for posterity?[C]//L.P.Pojman&P.Pojman(Eds.),Environmental ethics:Readings in theory and application.Belmont,CA:Thompson Wadsworth,2008:350-355.
[14]Cafaro P.Gluttony,Arrogance,Greed,and Apathy:An Exploration of Environmental Vice[C]//R.Sandler&P.Cafaro(Eds.),Environmental virtue ethics.New York:Rowman and Littlefield,2005:135-158.
[15]Stafford S P.Intellectual Virtue in Environmental Virtue Ethics[J].Environmental Ethics,2010,32(4):339-352.
[16]Kawall J.The Epistemic Demands of Environmental Virtue[J].Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics,2010,23(1/2):109-128.
[17]Thompson A.Radical Hope for Living Well in a Warmer World[J].Journal of Agriculturaland Environmental Ethics,2010,23(1/2):43-59.