哈素海水量平衡分析及入湖污染负荷研究
|
摘要
哈素海作为干旱半干旱地区的湖泊,对维持区域环境生态的协调可持续发展尤为关键,本文应用水量平衡法动态分析了哈素海的水量变化过程,明确了入湖污染负荷。结果表明:哈素海多年平均接纳的大气降水约为658.18万m~3,湖面蒸发水量约为3095.45万m~3,河渠入湖水量约为3722.36万m~3,湖泊多年平均库容约为3456.67万m~3。通过沟渠进入哈素海的污染物中COD负荷量最高,约889.35t/a,其次为TN约110.47t/a、BOD_5约83.01t/a、NH_3-N约30.38t/a,TP负荷量最少约5.46t/a,所有渠道中民生渠污染物排放量最高,约占总量的87%左右,其他沟渠共约占13%,所以哈素海主要外源污染负荷来自于黄河。研究结果可为哈素海的保护提供依据。
The Hasuhai Lake is important for the harmonious and sustainable development of regional environment and ecology in Arid and semi-arid region. In this paper, the process of changing water quantity is analyzed dynamically by using water balance method, and the pollution load of entering lake is clarified. The results show that: the average annual precipitation in the Hasuhai Lake was about 6,581,800 m~3, the evaporation from the lake was about 30,954,500 m~3, the amount of channels runoff water was about 37,223,600 m~3,and the multi-year average storage capacity of lake is about 34,566,700 m~3. The pollutants entered the Hasuhai Lake through channels. The loads of COD was the highest, about 889.35 t/a, followed by TN about 110.47 t/a, BOD_5 about 83.01 t/a and NH_3-N about 30.38 t/a. The minimum TP load is about 5.46 t/a. In all channels, the discharge of pollutants from the Minsheng channel is the highest, accounting for about 87 percent, and other channels for about 13 percent. Therefore, the main exogenous pollution load of Hasuhai Lake is come from the Yellow River. The results of the study can provide basic information for the protection of Hasuhai Lake.
The Hasuhai Lake is important for the harmonious and sustainable development of regional environment and ecology in Arid and semi-arid region. In this paper, the process of changing water quantity is analyzed dynamically by using water balance method, and the pollution load of entering lake is clarified. The results show that: the average annual precipitation in the Hasuhai Lake was about 6,581,800 m~3, the evaporation from the lake was about 30,954,500 m~3, the amount of channels runoff water was about 37,223,600 m~3,and the multi-year average storage capacity of lake is about 34,566,700 m~3. The pollutants entered the Hasuhai Lake through channels. The loads of COD was the highest, about 889.35 t/a, followed by TN about 110.47 t/a, BOD_5 about 83.01 t/a and NH_3-N about 30.38 t/a. The minimum TP load is about 5.46 t/a. In all channels, the discharge of pollutants from the Minsheng channel is the highest, accounting for about 87 percent, and other channels for about 13 percent. Therefore, the main exogenous pollution load of Hasuhai Lake is come from the Yellow River. The results of the study can provide basic information for the protection of Hasuhai Lake.
引文
[1] 汪敬忠,吴敬禄,曾海鳌,等. 内蒙古主要湖泊水资源及其变化分析[J]. 乌鲁木齐. 干旱区研究, 2015,32(1): 7-14.
[2] 吴用,史小红,赵胜男,等. 内蒙古高原3大典型湖泊水化学特征及其控制因素分析[J]. 广州. 生态环境学报,2015, 24(7): 1202-1208.
[3] 高宁, 乔玲敏,张岩,等. 乌梁素海结冰过程中总磷的迁移过程研究[J]. 青岛. 海洋湖沼通报, 2017, (2): 48-52.
[4] 闫立娟,郑绵平. 我国蒙新地区近 40 年来湖泊动态变化与气候耦合[J]. 北京. 地球学报, 2014,35(4): 463-472.
[5] 沈丽丽, 何江, 吕昌伟, 等. 哈素海沉积物中氮和有机质的分布特征[J]. 兰州. 沉积学报, 2010, 28(1): 158-165.
[6] 孙标,杨志岩,赵胜男. 8个时期哈素海芦苇群落扩张状况及其原因分析[J]. 兰州. 湿地科学,2016,14(6):931-935.
[7] 高利霞. 哈素海湿地鸟类群落的季节动态及物种多样性研究[D]. 呼和浩特. 内蒙古师范大学硕士学位论文, 2013: 28-58.
[8] 王俊, 赵林. 哈素海浮游动物群落结构季节变化规律研究[J]. 呼和浩特. 内蒙古师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2012,41(5): 511-517.
[9] 王哲,陈莉荣,李玉梅.黄河包头段水质动态变化分析[J]. 郑州. 人民黄河,2012,34(3):34-35,38.
[10] 叶振维,路达,白妙馨. 内蒙古黄河流域水污染形势分析[J]. 呼和浩特. 环境与发展,2014,26(4): 100-103.
[2] 吴用,史小红,赵胜男,等. 内蒙古高原3大典型湖泊水化学特征及其控制因素分析[J]. 广州. 生态环境学报,2015, 24(7): 1202-1208.
[3] 高宁, 乔玲敏,张岩,等. 乌梁素海结冰过程中总磷的迁移过程研究[J]. 青岛. 海洋湖沼通报, 2017, (2): 48-52.
[4] 闫立娟,郑绵平. 我国蒙新地区近 40 年来湖泊动态变化与气候耦合[J]. 北京. 地球学报, 2014,35(4): 463-472.
[5] 沈丽丽, 何江, 吕昌伟, 等. 哈素海沉积物中氮和有机质的分布特征[J]. 兰州. 沉积学报, 2010, 28(1): 158-165.
[6] 孙标,杨志岩,赵胜男. 8个时期哈素海芦苇群落扩张状况及其原因分析[J]. 兰州. 湿地科学,2016,14(6):931-935.
[7] 高利霞. 哈素海湿地鸟类群落的季节动态及物种多样性研究[D]. 呼和浩特. 内蒙古师范大学硕士学位论文, 2013: 28-58.
[8] 王俊, 赵林. 哈素海浮游动物群落结构季节变化规律研究[J]. 呼和浩特. 内蒙古师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2012,41(5): 511-517.
[9] 王哲,陈莉荣,李玉梅.黄河包头段水质动态变化分析[J]. 郑州. 人民黄河,2012,34(3):34-35,38.
[10] 叶振维,路达,白妙馨. 内蒙古黄河流域水污染形势分析[J]. 呼和浩特. 环境与发展,2014,26(4): 100-103.