渤海中南部表层沉积物中汞的分布及风险评估
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摘要
本文以渤海中南部表层沉积物为研究对象,采用DMA-80测汞仪测定表层沉积物中Hg的含量,并对其空间分布状况以及生态风险进行论述。结果表明,渤海中南部表层沉积物Hg含量范围为19.5×10~(-9)～106.8×10~(-9),均值为41.5×10~(-9),除一个沉积物站位外,其余均高于渤海沉积物Hg的背景含量。Hg含量高值区主要分布在黄河口、渤海中部泥质区和辽东浅滩局部海域,低值区位于渤中浅滩和渤海海峡南部海域,这与河流输入、沉积物粒度以及区域矿物背景有关。应用潜在生态危害指数法对渤海中南部表层沉积物Hg的生态风险进行评价,发现72.7%的站位处于中等风险水平,13.6%的站位处于重度风险水平。
Mercury contents in surface sediments from central and southern part of Bohai Sea were measured using DMA-80 mercury analyzer and then distributions and ecological risk were evaluated further.The results indicated that concentrations of mercury were between 19.5×10~(-9)and 106.8×10~(-9)and average value was 41.5×10~(-9).Hg contents were all over background level of Bohai Sea except one station.The higher concentration stations were mainly distributed in the Yellow River estuary,muddy areas in the central Bohai Sea,and part of Liaodong shallow shoals,While the lower contents area were mainly in the Southern of Bohai Strait and Bozhong shallow shoal.The potential ecological risk index method was used to evaluate the ecological risk of total mercury in surface sediment.The results showed that72.7 percent of the samples could be rated moderate potential risk grade and 13.6 percent of the samples were rated serious potential ecological risk grade.
Mercury contents in surface sediments from central and southern part of Bohai Sea were measured using DMA-80 mercury analyzer and then distributions and ecological risk were evaluated further.The results indicated that concentrations of mercury were between 19.5×10~(-9)and 106.8×10~(-9)and average value was 41.5×10~(-9).Hg contents were all over background level of Bohai Sea except one station.The higher concentration stations were mainly distributed in the Yellow River estuary,muddy areas in the central Bohai Sea,and part of Liaodong shallow shoals,While the lower contents area were mainly in the Southern of Bohai Strait and Bozhong shallow shoal.The potential ecological risk index method was used to evaluate the ecological risk of total mercury in surface sediment.The results showed that72.7 percent of the samples could be rated moderate potential risk grade and 13.6 percent of the samples were rated serious potential ecological risk grade.
引文
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[2]TODOROVA S G,DRISCOLL C T,EFFLER S W,et al. Changes in the long-term supply of mercury species to the upper mixed waters of a recovering lake[J]. Environmental Pollution,2014,185:314-321.
[3] UDAYAKUMAR P,JOSE J J,KRISHNAN K A,et al. Heavy metal accumulation in the surficial sediments along southwest coast of India[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences,2014,72(6):1887-1900.
[4]孙松,李楚娴,张成,等.三峡库区消落带沉积物对鱼体富集汞的影响[J].环境科学,2017,38(4):1689-1696.
[5] SCHFER J,CASTELLE S,BLANC G,et al. Mercury methylation in the sediments of a macrotidal estuary(Gironde Estuary,south-westFrance)[J]. Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2010,90(2):80-92.
[6]霍素霞,邢聪聪,朱超祁,等.渤海沉积物重金属含量时间演化特征及影响因素研究[J].中国海洋大学学报,2017,47(10):42-49.
[7]暨卫东.中国近海海洋环境质量现状与背景值研究[M].北京:海洋出版社,2011:5-10.
[8]熊丹,林清,赵银军,等.北部湾潮间带沉积物总Hg含量分布特征研究[J].环境科学与技术,2017,40(2):195-199.
[9] HAKANSON L. An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control.a sedimentological approach[J]. Water Research,1980,14(8):975-1001.
[10]罗先香,张蕊,杨建强,等.莱州湾表层沉积物重金属分布特征及污染评价[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(2):262-269.
[11]LIU C,WANG Z Y,HE Y.Water pollution in the river mouths around Bohai bay[J]. International Journal of Sediment Research,2003,18(4):326-332.
[12]WU G H,CAO S S,CHEN S R,et al.Accumulation and remobilization of metals in superficial sediments in Tianjin,China[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2011,173(1/2/3/4):917-928.
[13]WANG H,WANG F Y,WEI Z Q,et al.Quinone profiles of microbial communities in sediments of Haihe River-Bohai Bay as influenced by heavy metals and environmental factors[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2011,176(1/2/3/4):157-167.
[14]霍素霞.渤海沉积物重金属分布特征及生态风险研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2011:49-50.
[15]吴斌,宋金明,李学刚.黄河口表层沉积物中重金属的环境地球化学特征[J].环境科学,2013,34(4):1324-1332.
[16]苗安洋.渤、黄海表层沉积物重金属分布特征及生态风险评价[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2015:23-50.
[17]袁萍.渤海表层沉积物的空间分布及其与物源和沉积动力环境的关系[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2015:22-24.
[18]萨拉门斯,福斯特恩.金属的水文循环[M].傅天保,译.北京:海洋出版社,1992:5-10.
[19]赵一阳,鄢明才.中国浅海沉积物地球化学[M].北京:科学出版社,1994:1-9.
[20]国家环境保护局,渤海黄海海域污染防治科研协作组.渤海黄海海域污染防治研究[M].北京:科学出版社,1990:221-229.