两种风险评估模型在转椅家具制造企业的应用比较
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摘要
目的比较新加坡化学物质职业暴露半定量风险评估模型(新加坡模型)和国际采矿与金属委员会(ICMM)职业健康风险评估模型(ICMM模型)在转椅家具制造企业职业健康风险评估中的适用性。方法选择某市3家转椅家具制造企业为研究对象,对现场进行职业卫生学调查,应用新加坡模型和ICMM模型两种职业健康风险评估方法开展风险评估,并比较评估结果。结果新加坡模型风险评估结果显示,C企业木工打样岗位的木粉尘为极高风险,B、C企业木工打样岗位所接触的木粉尘和喷胶岗位所接触的苯为高风险,其他均为中低风险。ICMM模型赋值定量法评估结果显示,A、B、C企业喷胶岗位所接触的二氯甲烷和木工打样岗位所接触的木粉尘,B、C企业喷胶岗位所接触的苯,C企业的甲苯,B企业的甲醛和B、C企业的乙酸乙酯均为不可容忍的风险,其他均为潜在的风险。ICMM模型风险评级表法评估结果显示,A、B、C企业木工打样岗位所接触的木粉尘,B、C企业喷胶岗位所接触的苯及B企业的二氯甲烷均为中等风险,其他均为低风险或没有风险/风险非常低。新加坡模型与ICMM模型风险评级表法所得评估结果一致率为58.33%,加权Kappa值为0.25;新加坡模型、ICMM模型风险评级表法与赋值定量表法所得评估结果的一致性均较弱,加权Kappa值均为0.00。结论新加坡模型和ICMM模型风险评估方法均适用于转椅家具制造企业职业危害因素风险评估,但两种方法的评估结果存在一定差异。
Objective To apply and compare two occupational health risk assessment methods of Singapore occupational semi-quantitative risk assessment technique and occupational health risk assessment model provided by the International Council on Mining and Metal(ICMM) in chair furniture manufacturing enterprises.Methods Three chair furniture manufacturing enterprises were selected and investigated by occupational health.Singapore occupational semi-quantitative risk assessment technique and occupational health risk assessment model provided by the ICMM were used to evaluate the exposure risk in workers and compared.Results The result from the Singapore model indicated that there were extremely high risk for wood dust exposure at word-drilled workshop in factory C,high risk for wood dust exposure at word-drilled workshop in factory B and C,high risk for benzene exposure at glue-sprayed workshop in factory B and C,medium risk for wood dust exposure at wood-drilled workshop in factory A,toluene,xylene,dichloromethane,formaldehyde in factory B,toluene,xylene in factory C.There were inconsistent evaluation results using the ICMM tools of standard-based matrix and calculated risk rating.There were unacceptable risks for methylene chloride exposure at glue-sprayed workshop and word dust exposure at word-drilled workshop in factory A,B,C.There were unacceptable risks for benzene exposure at glue-sprayed workshop in factory B and C,toluene exposure at glue-sprayed workshop in factory A and C,ethyl acetate exposure at glue-sprayed workshop in factory B and C.The consistency of risk levels evaluated by Singapore occupational semi-quantitative risk assessment technique and rating evaluated mothod of risk assessment model provided by the ICMM was 58.33%(weighted kappa value:0.25).The consistencies of risk levels evaluated by Singapore occupational semi-quantitative risk assessment technique and risk assessment model provided by the ICMM were low(weighted kappa value:0.00).Conclusion Singapore occupational semi-quantitative risk assessment technique and risk assessment model provided by the ICMM were both suitable for the chair furniture manufacturing enterprises,but the outcome of the two methods is inconsistent.
Objective To apply and compare two occupational health risk assessment methods of Singapore occupational semi-quantitative risk assessment technique and occupational health risk assessment model provided by the International Council on Mining and Metal(ICMM) in chair furniture manufacturing enterprises.Methods Three chair furniture manufacturing enterprises were selected and investigated by occupational health.Singapore occupational semi-quantitative risk assessment technique and occupational health risk assessment model provided by the ICMM were used to evaluate the exposure risk in workers and compared.Results The result from the Singapore model indicated that there were extremely high risk for wood dust exposure at word-drilled workshop in factory C,high risk for wood dust exposure at word-drilled workshop in factory B and C,high risk for benzene exposure at glue-sprayed workshop in factory B and C,medium risk for wood dust exposure at wood-drilled workshop in factory A,toluene,xylene,dichloromethane,formaldehyde in factory B,toluene,xylene in factory C.There were inconsistent evaluation results using the ICMM tools of standard-based matrix and calculated risk rating.There were unacceptable risks for methylene chloride exposure at glue-sprayed workshop and word dust exposure at word-drilled workshop in factory A,B,C.There were unacceptable risks for benzene exposure at glue-sprayed workshop in factory B and C,toluene exposure at glue-sprayed workshop in factory A and C,ethyl acetate exposure at glue-sprayed workshop in factory B and C.The consistency of risk levels evaluated by Singapore occupational semi-quantitative risk assessment technique and rating evaluated mothod of risk assessment model provided by the ICMM was 58.33%(weighted kappa value:0.25).The consistencies of risk levels evaluated by Singapore occupational semi-quantitative risk assessment technique and risk assessment model provided by the ICMM were low(weighted kappa value:0.00).Conclusion Singapore occupational semi-quantitative risk assessment technique and risk assessment model provided by the ICMM were both suitable for the chair furniture manufacturing enterprises,but the outcome of the two methods is inconsistent.
引文
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[9]厉小燕,陈坤,张美辨,等.国际采矿与金属委员会职业健康风险评估模型在火力发电厂的应用研究[J].浙江预防医学,2013,25(11):16-20,27.
[10]谢红卫,张美辨,周莉芳,等.两种风险评估模型在印刷行业中的应用研究[J].环境与职业医学,2016,33(1):29-33.
[11]冷朋波,王群利,王爱红,等.基于ICMM风险评估技术的某电镀企业职业健康风险的定量定性评估研究[J].中国卫生工程学,2016,15(6):544-549.
[12]王志平,郑文慧,肖国兵.某企业职业病危害的半定量风险评估[J].环境与职业医学,2013,30(9):686-689.
[13]傅红,俞爱青,张磊,等.新加坡职业暴露半定量风险评估模型在草甘膦制造行业中的应用研究[J].中国预防医学杂志,2016,17(12):916-920.
[14]阮晓颖,傅红,张旭慧,等.半定量评估法在节能灯生产行业职业危害风险评估的应用[J].预防医学,2016,28(11):1114-1118.
[15]王爱红,冷朋波,边国林,等.半定量风险评估技术在木质家具企业职业健康风险评估中的应用[J].中国预防医学杂志,2016,17(1):37-40.
[16]周莉芳,张美辨,袁伟明,等.应用美国国家环境保护署吸入风险模型评估职业危害的研究[J].浙江预防医学,2014,26(2):109-113,127.
[2]Ministry of Manpower Occupational Safety and Health Division,Singapore.A semi-quantitative method to assess occupational exposure to harmful chemicals[EB/OL].[2015-12-12].http://www.wshc.sg/files/wshc/uploa d/cms/file/2014/A%20Semiquantitative%20 Method%20to%20Assess%20Occupational%20 Exposure%20to%20 Harmful%20 Che.pdf.
[3]张美辨,邹华,袁伟明,等.职业危害风险评估方法的研究进展[J].中华劳动卫生职业病杂志,2012,30(12):972-974.
[4]陈慧峰,姚智华,闫雪华,等.两种风险评价方法在某铅酸蓄电池企业铅职业病危害风险分级中的应用比较[J].中华劳动卫生职业病杂志,2017,35(2):130-133.
[5]刘,张鹏,马力,等.某起重机制造企业化学物质职业暴露半定量风险评估[J].预防医学,2017,29(4):347-350,354.
[6]袁伟明,冷朋波,周莉芳,等.应用国外两种风险模型评估职业危害的对比研究[J].环境与职业医学,2015,32(1):51-55.
[7]International Council on Mining and Metals.Good Practice Guidance on Occupational Health Risk Assessment[Z].2009.
[8]丁钢强,张美辨.国外职业健康风险评估指南[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,2004.
[9]厉小燕,陈坤,张美辨,等.国际采矿与金属委员会职业健康风险评估模型在火力发电厂的应用研究[J].浙江预防医学,2013,25(11):16-20,27.
[10]谢红卫,张美辨,周莉芳,等.两种风险评估模型在印刷行业中的应用研究[J].环境与职业医学,2016,33(1):29-33.
[11]冷朋波,王群利,王爱红,等.基于ICMM风险评估技术的某电镀企业职业健康风险的定量定性评估研究[J].中国卫生工程学,2016,15(6):544-549.
[12]王志平,郑文慧,肖国兵.某企业职业病危害的半定量风险评估[J].环境与职业医学,2013,30(9):686-689.
[13]傅红,俞爱青,张磊,等.新加坡职业暴露半定量风险评估模型在草甘膦制造行业中的应用研究[J].中国预防医学杂志,2016,17(12):916-920.
[14]阮晓颖,傅红,张旭慧,等.半定量评估法在节能灯生产行业职业危害风险评估的应用[J].预防医学,2016,28(11):1114-1118.
[15]王爱红,冷朋波,边国林,等.半定量风险评估技术在木质家具企业职业健康风险评估中的应用[J].中国预防医学杂志,2016,17(1):37-40.
[16]周莉芳,张美辨,袁伟明,等.应用美国国家环境保护署吸入风险模型评估职业危害的研究[J].浙江预防医学,2014,26(2):109-113,127.